Xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes in plants and their role in uptake and biotransformation of veterinary drugs in the environment
Jazyk angličtina Země Velká Británie, Anglie Médium print-electronic
Typ dokumentu časopisecké články, přehledy, práce podpořená grantem
- Klíčová slova
- Pollutants, biotransformation enzymes, drug phytotoxicity, drug transporters, phytoremediation,
- MeSH
- biodegradace MeSH
- biologický transport MeSH
- enzymy metabolismus MeSH
- látky znečišťující životní prostředí škodlivé účinky metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- membránové transportní proteiny metabolismus MeSH
- metabolická inaktivace MeSH
- rostlinné proteiny metabolismus MeSH
- rostliny enzymologie MeSH
- veterinární léky škodlivé účinky metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Názvy látek
- enzymy MeSH
- látky znečišťující životní prostředí MeSH
- membránové transportní proteiny MeSH
- rostlinné proteiny MeSH
- veterinární léky MeSH
Many various xenobiotics permanently enter plants and represent potential danger for their organism. For that reason, plants have evolved extremely sophisticated detoxification systems including a battery of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes. Some of them are similar to those in humans and animals, but there are several plant-specific ones. This review briefly introduces xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes in plants and summarizes present information about their action toward veterinary drugs. Veterinary drugs are used worldwide to treat diseases and protect animal health. However, veterinary drugs are also unwantedly introduced into environment mostly via animal excrements, they persist in the environment for a long time and may impact on the non-target organisms. Plants are able to uptake, transform the veterinary drugs to non- or less-toxic compounds and store them in the vacuoles and cell walls. This ability may protect not only plant themselves but also other organisms, predominantly invertebrates and wild herbivores. The aim of this review is to emphasize the importance of plants in detoxification of veterinary drugs in the environment. The results of studies, which dealt with transport and biotransformation of veterinary drugs in plants, are summarized and evaluated. In conclusion, the risks and consequences of veterinary drugs in the environment and the possibilities of phytoremediation technologies are considered and future perspectives are outlined.
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