Xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes in plants and their role in uptake and biotransformation of veterinary drugs in the environment
Language English Country Great Britain, England Media print-electronic
Document type Journal Article, Review, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
- Keywords
- Pollutants, biotransformation enzymes, drug phytotoxicity, drug transporters, phytoremediation,
- MeSH
- Biodegradation, Environmental MeSH
- Biological Transport MeSH
- Enzymes metabolism MeSH
- Environmental Pollutants adverse effects metabolism MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Membrane Transport Proteins metabolism MeSH
- Inactivation, Metabolic MeSH
- Plant Proteins metabolism MeSH
- Plants enzymology MeSH
- Veterinary Drugs adverse effects metabolism MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Review MeSH
- Names of Substances
- Enzymes MeSH
- Environmental Pollutants MeSH
- Membrane Transport Proteins MeSH
- Plant Proteins MeSH
- Veterinary Drugs MeSH
Many various xenobiotics permanently enter plants and represent potential danger for their organism. For that reason, plants have evolved extremely sophisticated detoxification systems including a battery of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes. Some of them are similar to those in humans and animals, but there are several plant-specific ones. This review briefly introduces xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes in plants and summarizes present information about their action toward veterinary drugs. Veterinary drugs are used worldwide to treat diseases and protect animal health. However, veterinary drugs are also unwantedly introduced into environment mostly via animal excrements, they persist in the environment for a long time and may impact on the non-target organisms. Plants are able to uptake, transform the veterinary drugs to non- or less-toxic compounds and store them in the vacuoles and cell walls. This ability may protect not only plant themselves but also other organisms, predominantly invertebrates and wild herbivores. The aim of this review is to emphasize the importance of plants in detoxification of veterinary drugs in the environment. The results of studies, which dealt with transport and biotransformation of veterinary drugs in plants, are summarized and evaluated. In conclusion, the risks and consequences of veterinary drugs in the environment and the possibilities of phytoremediation technologies are considered and future perspectives are outlined.
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