Subhyaloid hemorrhage is defined as bleeding between the internal limiting membrane (ILM) and the posterior hyaloid membrane. The condition typically manifests itself in acute visual impairment. Causes include the Valsalva maneuver, Terson's syndrome, age-related macular degeneration (ARMD), trauma, hypercoagulable and hyperviscosity states, uncontrolled blood pressure, diabetes mellitus and leukemia. Prolonged presence of blood in the macular region can lead to the development of an epiretinal membrane and toxic damage to the retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptors due to iron ions. In this case report we present a 32-year-old patient who was treated at the ophthalmology outpatient clinic of the Regional Hospital in Mladá Boleslav for subhyaloid hemorrhage in the right eye following a bungee jumping experience. The patient was successfully treated with Nd -YAG hyaloidotomy, which resulted in a good therapeutic outcome and full restoration of visual acuity.

• Klíčová slova
• Hyaloidotomy, Nd-YAG laser, Subhyaloid hemorrhage,
• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• retinální krvácení * etiologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH

AIM: The study aimed to explore the association between duration of smartphone usage and tear film parameters in adolescents through a hospitalbased cross-sectional study. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A detailed history regarding smartphone usage was obtained, followed by tear film assessment for all the study participants. Tear meniscus height (TMH), Tear film break up time (TBUT), and Schirmer's I test were done for all participants. Then they were classified into four groups, based on daily smartphone usage: < 2 hours/day, 2-4 hours/day, 4-6 hours/day, and > 6 hours/day. RESULTS: 123 smartphone users of the adolescent age group aged 10-19 years (mean age: 16.6 ±2.8 years) were included. The mean values of tear film parameters were as follows: TMH was 0.25 ±0.1 mm, Schirmer's I was 17.7 ±9.2 mm, and TBUT was 10.5 ±5.7 seconds. Participants using smartphones for > 6 hours/day had a significantly higher prevalence of reduced TMH (< 0.25 mm) compared to those with lower usage durations (p < 0.0001). Similar trends were observed for Schirmer's I and TBUT values, indicating a statistically significant association between prolonged smartphone use and tear film dysfunction (p < 0.0001). Notably, 72.7% of eyes in the > 6 hours/day group exhibited tear film dysfunction, significantly higher than in other groups. CONCLUSION: Prolonged smartphone use adversely affects tear film stability and ocular surface health in adolescents. Awareness and appropriate measures to limit excessive screen time are essential to prevent tear film dysfunction and associated ocular discomfort.

• Klíčová slova
• Adolescents, TBUT, smartphone usage., tear film dysfunction,
• MeSH
• chytrý telefon * MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• slzy * fyziologie   MeSH
• syndromy suchého oka * etiologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

AIM: To evaluate the epidemiological data, etiology and clinical characteristics, and to assess the efficacy and safety of intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy in the treatment of choroidal neovascular membrane (CNV) in children and adolescents. The results are compared with data from previously published studies and case reports. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of medical records of patients treated for CNV at the Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, University Hospital Brno, between January 2015 and April 2025. The cohort consisted of 12 patients, including 7 males and 5 females. All the cases involved unilateral disease; the right eye was affected in 7 patients and the left eye in 5. The mean age at onset was 11.8 years (range: 3-17 years). All underwent a comprehensive ophthalmological examination including optical coherence tomography (OCT); in 7 cases the diagnosis was confirmed by fluorescein angiography. The evaluated parameters included epidemiological data, clinical and morphological characteristics of CNV before and after anti-VEGF therapy. The etiology of CNV in our cohort was as follows: post-inflammatory/post-infectious in 6 cases, idiopathic in 3 cases, and one case each of myopic, post-traumatic, and neoplastic origin. The most common localization was subfoveal. All CNV lesions were classified as classic (type 2). RESULTS: All patients achieved either anatomical or functional improvement. No ocular or systemic adverse effects related to intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy were observed during the study period. CONCLUSION: Early diagnosis and intervention with anti-VEGF therapy show favorable outcomes, including stabilization and remission of the disease. In our cohort, no adverse events or complications associated with intravitreal anti-VEGF administration were recorded. Continued research is essential in order to gain a further understanding of the pathogenesis of pediatric CNV and to optimize treatment strategies in children.

• Klíčová slova
• choroidal neovascularization, anti-VEGF, choroidal neovascular membrane in children, pediatric CNV, ranibizumab, secondary CNV,
• MeSH
• bevacizumab * aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• inhibitory angiogeneze * terapeutické užití   aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• injekce intravitreální MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• neovaskularizace choroidey * farmakoterapie   diagnóza   etiologie   MeSH
• optická koherentní tomografie MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ranibizumab * terapeutické užití   aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• vaskulární endoteliální růstový faktor A * antagonisté a inhibitory   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• bevacizumab * MeSH
• inhibitory angiogeneze * MeSH
• ranibizumab * MeSH
• vaskulární endoteliální růstový faktor A * MeSH

Preeclampsia, eclampsia and HELLP syndrome are serious pregnancy-related complications associated with significant morbidity and mortality. These pathological conditions are related to placental dysfunction, systemic endothelial dysfunction and various clinical and biochemical abnormalities. Exudative retinal detachment as a rare but clinically significant ophthalmologic complication of preeclampsia occurs in 0.2-2% of cases, more frequently affecting primigravidas and often presenting bilaterally. This article presents two case reports of patients with preeclampsia complicated by exudative retinal detachment. The first case describes a 22-year-old primigravida at 35 weeks of gestation with preeclampsia, bilateral visual impairment and exudative retinal detachment. The second case involves a 38-year-old primigravida at 31 weeks of gestation with preeclampsia and incompletely expressed HELLP syndrome, in whom visual impairment and unilateral exudative retinal detachment developed after delivery. In both patients, the exudative retinal detachment was resolved and visual acuity improved within a month after delivery and with stabilization of blood pressure.

• Klíčová slova
• HELLP syndrome, Preeclampsia, exudative retinal detachment, preeclampsia, visual complications of pregnancy,
• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• odchlípení sítnice * etiologie   MeSH
• preeklampsie * MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH

OBJECTIVE: To characterize and compare the efficacy and safety of trabeculectomy and Preserflo microshunt (PMS) implantation in patients with openangle glaucoma. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This retrospective 6-month study included 100 eyes (100 patients). The 100 patients were divided into two groups of 50 patients, who were randomly assigned to either trabeculectomy or PMS implantation with mmC (0.4 mg/ml) applied using saturated sponges. The patients attended follow-up checks at 1, 8, 30, and 90 days postoperatively and at 6 months postoperatively. Endothelial cells were assessed at 3 and 6 months respectively. The main observed parameters were intraocular pressure (IOP), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), anterior chamber depth (ACD), corneal hysteresis (CH), corneal endothelial cell density (CECD), coefficient of variation (CV), and antiglaucoma treatment. RESULTS: In patients after trabeculectomy and after PMS implantation a comparable reduction in mean IOP values of 40.2% and 45.8% respectively was recorded for both surgical approaches in comparison with the preoperative mean IOP values. In all the studied patients, regardless of the type of surgical procedure, a significant reduction of CECD values was recorded 6 months after surgery. However, PMS implantation led to a greater reduction in antiglaucoma treatment postoperatively compared to trabeculectomy. Qualified success was almost identical in the case of both operations throughout the entire course, complete success was higher in favor of PMS at the beginning of the observation, but their values converged or met from approximately day 90 to month 6. CONCLUSION: The performed clinical evaluation of the efficacy and safety of PMS implantation compared to the classical surgical approach using trabeculectomy showed positive results related primarily to the reduction of postoperative complications, while maintaining the effectiveness of the surgical procedure. However, further clinical studies with a longer follow-up period are needed in order to provide long-term evidence of clinical efficacy.

• Klíčová slova
• Glaucoma, Preserflo MicroShunt, Trabeculectomy, antiglaucoma drugs, glaucoma, trabeculectomy,
• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• glaukom s otevřeným úhlem * chirurgie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nitrooční tlak MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• trabekulektomie * MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• zraková ostrost MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

Dried blood spot (DBS) technique has gained significant attention due to the growth of decentralized diagnostics. This technique reduces the number of hospital visits for patients and the workload for personnel in specialized hospitals. This microsampling method provides an environmentally friendly (green) and patient-friendly alternative to conventional phlebotomy. Challenges related to sample heterogeneity in traditional DBS cards have been overcome by the volumetric DBS sampling using new types of commercially available devices. Due to the unstable nature of the analytes, commercial volumetric DBS devices allow blood sampling at primary care units in remote settings and facilitate transport it via temperature-controlled systems. Blood sample stability has improved from 24 h at 4-8 °C to 30 days at -80°C. DBS also requires over 1000 times less shipping and storage space than liquid blood. We optimized the DBS method to require only 10 µL of blood and achieve extraction efficiencies of over 90 % for retinol when the result from validated method is the reference value. However, α-tocopherol recovery varied from 53 to 75 % depending on the filter paper type used. Furthermore, we successfully developed a liquid-liquid extraction method for both analytes from whole blood, with over 90 % recovery. Our approaches eliminate the need for separate serum and erythrocyte extractions, simplify sample preparation, and reduce reagent use and energy consumption. Both devices enable reliable volumetric collection. Our approach makes micronutrient monitoring more accessible and enables sample collection in decentralized settings. This aligns with the objectives of green analytical chemistry and universal health coverage.

• Klíčová slova
• Bioanalysis, Dried blood spot, Miniaturization, Retinol, Whole blood, α-tocopherol,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Neuroprostanes (NeuroPs) are bioactive oxylipins formed in vivo from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the main polyunsaturated fatty acid of the human brain, by a nonenzymatic auto-oxidative process as mixtures of regio- and diastereoisomers. Thus, synthetic material is necessary to unlock their potential as oxidative stress biomarkers as well as to investigate the biological properties of individual NeuroP molecules. Despite recent advances in the field, cyclopentenone-type NeuroPs have received limited attention. Here, we present an enantioselective total synthesis of 4-A4-NeuroP-1,4-lactone and its dehydrated metabolite, 4-deoxy-Δ4,6-A4-NeuroP. The asymmetric synthesis of the chiral core relies on a robust organocatalyzed Michael addition. The assembly of the full carbon framework was accomplished via selective double olefin metathesis and Wittig olefination. The MS2 spectra of the 4-deoxy-Δ4,6-A4-NeuroP was carefully studied using molecular network and quantum chemistry software to elucidate its unique fragmentation pattern. Also, preliminary analytical studies showed for the first-time tangible amounts of 4-deoxy-Δ4,6-A4-NeuroP in trout brains.

• Klíčová slova
• asymmetric synthesis, biomarkers, lipids, neuroprostanes, total synthesis,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Wharton's Jelly multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (WJ-MSCs) hold potential for regenerative medicine, particularly in soft tissue engineering. However, their adipogenic differentiation capacity is inferior to adipose tissue-derived MSCs (AT-MSCs). This study aimed to optimize adipogenic differentiation for WJ-MSCs by leveraging insights from the comparative analysis of WJ- and AT-MSC lipidomic profiles. Lipidomic profiles of non-induced cells were compared, and adipogenic differentiation was induced with and without exogenous oleic or linoleic acid supplementation. Differentiation efficiency was determined based on lipid droplet formation, triglyceride (TG) content quantification, and the expression of adipogenic markers. Significant differences in TG composition were observed, with WJ-MSCs showing higher levels of 52-carbon TGs and AT-MSCs having more 56-carbon species. Both cell types had similar fatty acid (FA) profiles, with 18-carbon FAs making up over 50%. Adding oleic acid to the differentiation medium significantly enhanced lipid droplet formation and upregulated adipogenic markers in WJ-MSCs, aligning their adipogenic capacity more closely with AT-MSCs. In contrast, linoleic acid showed no significant benefits. The study underscores the critical role of the initial lipidomic profile in the adipogenic differentiation of MSCs. Supplementation with oleic acid represents a promising approach for improving adipogenic differentiation of WJ-MSCs and their utility in soft tissue engineering.

• Klíčová slova
• Adipogenic differentiation, Adipose tissue, Linoleic acid, Lipidomic profile, Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells, Oleic acid, Triglycerides, Wharton’s jelly,
• MeSH
• adipogeneze * účinky léků   MeSH
• buněčná diferenciace účinky léků   MeSH
• kultivované buňky MeSH
• kyselina linolová farmakologie   MeSH
• kyselina olejová farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lipidomika * metody   MeSH
• mastné kyseliny * metabolismus   farmakologie   MeSH
• mezenchymální kmenové buňky * metabolismus   cytologie   účinky léků   MeSH
• triglyceridy metabolismus   MeSH
• tuková tkáň cytologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• Whartonův rosol * cytologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• kyselina linolová MeSH
• kyselina olejová MeSH
• mastné kyseliny * MeSH
• triglyceridy MeSH

BACKGROUND: Recent studies have demonstrated that prolonged sperm storage adversely affects offspring through epigenetics, yet its broader effects on other molecular levels such as transcription and proteomics in progeny have been rarely explored. RESULTS: We employed comprehensive multi-omics approaches to uncover storage-induced epigenetic changes in sperm and their effects on embryonic development and offspring health. Sperm from common carp (Cyprinus carpio) was stored in vitro in artificial seminal plasma for 14 days, and the impacts of storage on functional properties of sperm and progeny development were investigated. We combined DNA methylome, transcriptomic and proteomic data to elucidate the potential mechanisms by which sperm storage influences progeny development. Prolonged in vitro storage significantly reduced sperm motility and fertilising ability which coincided with changes in the DNA methylation pattern. Integrated analyses of the offspring DNA methylome, comparative transcriptomics and cardiac performance measurements revealed storage-induced alterations of genes associated with nervous system development, myocardial morphogenesis and cellular responses to stimuli. Proteomic analyses showed that in addition to visual perception and nervous system function, pathways of the immunity system were also enriched. Results provide strong evidence of the epigenetic inheritance of the offspring's performances when short-term stored sperm was used for fertilisation. CONCLUSIONS: Short-term sperm storage induces heritable molecular and phenotypic changes in offspring, raising concerns over the potential intergenerational consequences of assisted reproductive practices in aquaculture and possibly other vertebrates.

• Klíčová slova
• Epigenetic inheritance, Epigenetics, Fish sperm, Offspring development, Sperm ageing,
• MeSH
• embryonální vývoj * MeSH
• epigeneze genetická MeSH
• kapři * genetika   fyziologie   embryologie   MeSH
• metylace DNA MeSH
• multiomika MeSH
• proteomika MeSH
• spermie * fyziologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• transkriptom MeSH
• uchování spermatu * škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

With increasing efforts to reuse wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) products in agriculture, assessing their impact on soil-plant systems is crucial, while the effects of accompanying antibiotic residues on soil microbial communities have not yet been adequately studied. This study focuses on clarithromycin (CLR), highly present in wastewater, and investigates the CLR-degradation potential of plant-associated microorganisms. Phaseolus vulgaris plants were grown in raised beds filled with Haplic Cambisol and amended with or without WWTP products (treated wastewater, biosolid, or composted biosolid), as a source of CLR residues. The rhizosphere microbiomes after biosolid amendments was significantly enriched by Pseudomonadaceae as assessed by 16S rRNA metagenomics and cultures enriched by CLR revealed dominance of Proteobacteria. However, no degradation of CLR by microbial consortia or enrichment cultures was observed, suggesting the multiplication of CLR-resistant bacteria with other resistance mechanisms. Cultivation-based approach combined with antibiotic modulation assays and subsequent LC-MS analysis confirmed the complete CLR removal by seven phylogenetic groups of actinomycetes in vitro. The proportion of isolates indicated that the rhizosphere is a natural reservoir for CLR-inactivating microorganisms; however, the amendment of soils with WWTP products can significantly increase their abundance and diversity.

• Klíčová slova
• Streptomyces, Antimicrobial resistance, Biodegradation, Macrolides, Micropollutants, Soil microbiome,
• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky * farmakologie   MeSH
• fazol * mikrobiologie   účinky léků   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• klarithromycin * farmakologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• mikrobiota účinky léků   MeSH
• odpadní voda * chemie   MeSH
• půdní mikrobiologie MeSH
• rhizosféra * MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S genetika   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky * MeSH
• klarithromycin * MeSH
• odpadní voda * MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S MeSH