The study of anatomy has served as the cornerstone of medical education for centuries, traditionally relying on human cadavers as the primary teaching resource. In recent years, new technologies such as virtual anatomy tables, immersive techniques and 3D printing have been introduced into anatomy education. Moreover, immersive techniques and 3D printing are also increasingly common in many fields of medicine. Virtual anatomy tables, immersive techniques and 3D printing are well-evaluated by students, but in the vast majority of studies they emphasize a complementary rather than leading role in teaching anatomy. New technologies lead to greater student engagement. They also diversify learning, making it more enjoyable and accessible. New technologies are increasingly used in clinical disciplines and teaching.The incorporation of modern tools reflects a global trend in medical education. Students have a positive attitude towards innovations, and most studies confirm their satisfaction and confirmation of their usefulness after their implementation in practice. Most students are convinced of the usefulness of new technologies in future clinical work, therefore medical universities should ensure the development of future doctors based on modern methods.
- Keywords
- 3D printing, MR, VR, anatomy education, immersive technologies, new technologies in anatomy, virtual anatomy tables,
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY We hypothesized that preoperative planning with 3D modeling of complex foot deformities would be useful for the education of orthopedics and traumatology residents. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study is prospectively designed study with a control group. Twenty eight residents (study group) who assisted the surgeons during the interventions and ten senior surgeons (control group) were included in the study. All participants assessed virtual 3D-CT images and videos of the cases before the surgery. Ten adult cases of foot bone deformities were evaluated. 3D-CT reconstruction was performed and a 3D model of each deformity was created using the hospital's picture archiving and communication system. The completed 3D models were sterilized in hydrogen peroxide and put on the surgical table in a sterile manner. After surgery, the residents (group I) and surgeons (group II) were questioned regarding their satisfaction with 3D modeling. Responses were structured by a five-point Likert scale (1, strongly disagree; 2, disagree; 3, neither agree nor disagree; 4, agree; and 5, strongly agree). RESULTS The surgeons (group II, n = 10) were satisfied with the sterilized 3D models, which they could touch and re-examine on the operating table. The residents (group I, n = 28) were significantly more satisfied than the senior surgeons (p=0.01). The 3D modeling met both the surgeons' and residents' expectations. DISCUSSION The survey results for the surgeons (group II) were satisfied with the sterilized 3D models, which they could touch and reexamine on the operating table (question 3). They gave the best scores (mean, 4.8/5) for clarity of the 3D model. On the other hand, they gave the lowest scores (mean 3.1/5) to 3D models due to its contribution in understanding deformity over virtual 3D-CT evaluations (question 2 and 5). The residents (group I) differed from those for the senior surgeons. Residents gave the highest scores for understanding of the deformity (question 2 and 5) and clarity (question 1). These outcomes may be interpreted to indicate i) that 3D modeling may be used for education, and ii) that younger surgeons are more interested in novel technological developments. Therefore, the outcomes did differ significantly between the senior surgeons and residents (Table 1). These outcomes may be explicated as; 3D modeling of the foot deformities may not be mandatory for the experienced surgeons for understanding the deformity. On the other hand 3D modeling would be useful tools for younger surgeons and for their education. CONCLUSIONS 3D modeling of foot deformities is more informative than virtual 3D videos. However, with consideration of costs and long processing times, 3D printing may be used optimally for rare deformities. When considering the role of touch sense in surgical learning, 3D modeling gives more detailed and more satisfactory planning than virtual 3D videos. 3D modeling is more useful for young surgeons, and it will be used mainly for education in the future. Key words: 3D printing, deformity, foot and ankle, simulation.
- MeSH
- Printing, Three-Dimensional MeSH
- Surgeons * MeSH
- Foot Deformities * MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Orthopedics * MeSH
- Imaging, Three-Dimensional MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
The publication describes the design, production, and practical verification of an alternative pressure sensor suitable for measuring the pressure of gas, based on a combination of fiber-optic technology and 3D printing methods. The created sensor uses FBG (Fiber Bragg Grating) suitably implemented on a movable membrane. The sensor is equipped with a reference FBG to compensate for the effect of ambient temperature on the pressure measurement. The sensor is characterized by its immunity to EM interference, electrical passivity at the measuring point, small size, and resistance to moisture and corrosion. The FBG pressure sensor has a pressure sensitivity of 9.086 pm/mbar in the range from 0 to 9 mbar with a correlation coefficient of 0.9982. The pressure measurement in the specified range shows an average measurement error of 0.049 mbar and a reproducibility parameter of 0.0269 ± 0.0135 mbar.
- Keywords
- 3D technology, fiber Bragg grating, measurement, pressure,
- MeSH
- Optical Fibers * MeSH
- Reproducibility of Results MeSH
- Fiber Optic Technology * MeSH
- Technology MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
BACKGROUND: The recent development of three-dimensional (3D) technologies introduces a novel set of opportunities to the medical field in general, and specifically to surgery. The preoperative phase has proven to be a critical factor in surgical success. Utilization of 3D technologies has the potential to improve preoperative planning and overall surgical outcomes. In this narrative review article, the authors describe existing clinical data pertaining to the current use of 3D printing, virtual reality, and augmented reality in the preoperative phase of bone surgery. METHODS: The methodology included keyword-based literature search in PubMed and Google Scholar for original articles published between 2014 and 2022. After excluding studies performed in nonbone surgery disciplines, data from 61 studies of five different surgical disciplines were processed to be included in this narrative review. RESULTS: Among the mentioned technologies, 3D printing is currently the most advanced in terms of clinical use, predominantly creating anatomical models and patient-specific instruments that provide high-quality operative preparation. Virtual reality allows to set a surgical plan and to further simulate the procedure via a 2D screen or head mounted display. Augmented reality is found to be useful for surgical simulation upon 3D printed anatomical models or virtual phantoms. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, 3D technologies are gradually becoming an integral part of a surgeon's preoperative toolbox, allowing for increased surgical accuracy and reduction of operation time, mainly in complex and unique surgical cases. This may eventually lead to improved surgical outcomes, thereby optimizing the personalized surgical approach.
Three-dimensional (3D) sonography is the next logical step in diagnostic ultrasound examination. The true value of 3D ultrasonography, however, becomes evident only if 3D structures can be assessed without preconceptions ensuing from 2D interpretations. 3D ultrasonography can greatly improve our understanding of locomotor apparatus anatomy and pathology. The authors used spatial analysis to evaluate the data obtained by examination of patients with orthopedic diagnoses. The Voluson 530 MT and SONOReal system were used for examination. The Voluson permits a choice of either a 2D or a 3D imaging program for musculoskeletal system examination. The SONOReal, owing to a positional sensor of the probe, can be attached to any ultrasound transducer. In the period from 1990 to 2004, a total of 19 000 patients were examined by ultrasonography and, in 6 500 of them, the diagnosis was verified by another method, which showed a 99 % reliability of ultrasound examination. In 350 patients 2D imaging was followed by 3D examination; in 53 of them, 3D coronal and multiplanar imaging made the diagnosis based on 2D imaging more accurate and, in 12 patients, it provided new information on the patient's diagnosis. 3D reconstructions were made in 101 patients, of these 40 had been examined by other imaging methods (magnetic resonance, computer-assisted tomography) or arthroscopy. The results of examination showed a 100% correlation. Spatial reconstruction is based on the volume rendering method. This is an extension of the planar reconstruction method. Additional image processing techniques are used for a region of interest within a 3D volume data set. 3D ultrasound revealed a spatial relationship between lesions and their surfaces. The surface mode requires that the interface between tissues with different acoustic impedances should be a start line of 3D rendering. The acoustic threshold is a condition that restricts imaging circumstances in which surface rendering will be successful. Exploring 3D reconstructions with power Doppler scanning, which is more sensitive for tracking vessels, is a unique technique that can hardly be compared with any other imaging modality. 3D-volume imaging gives the examiner freedom to generate anatomical views from an infinite number of perspectives and allows us to explore anatomic relationships in the ways not available in any conventional 2D imaging. A spatial reconstruction presents a nearly perfect anatomical model. The possibility of storing volume data is considered a further progressive trend. It greatly contributes to enhancement of the scope of follow-up examinations, permits comparisons of expert conclusions and can serve educational purposes. The digital technology offers various networking solutions and plays a role in the development of 3D telemedicine. Although the diagnostic efficacy of 3D imaging is not greatly enhanced when compared with a 2D examination done by a well-trained specialist, the features of coronary sections and spatial reconstructions represent great progress of this imaging technology.
- MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Musculoskeletal System diagnostic imaging MeSH
- Image Processing, Computer-Assisted MeSH
- Ultrasonography MeSH
- Imaging, Three-Dimensional * MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Review MeSH
INTRODUCTION: 3D printing, a concept over 40 years old, is finding broader application in clinical practice thanks to technological advancements. At University Hospital Ostrava, 3D printing is utilized to create anatomically accurate models of specific patients before surgical procedures based on imaging data. CASE SERIES: 3D printing is employed as a complement to conventional imaging methods to produce morphologically precise models of anatomical structures of individual patients. These models primarily serve for preoperative planning in elective abdominal, vascular, and thoracic surgery. They are also used in planning osteosynthesis of complex fractures and corrective osteotomies. Multicolor printing, although increasing the process's time demands, allows better clarity and differentiation of individual anatomical structures within a single model. DISCUSSION: Compared to 2D images, 3D models provide better spatial orientation and awareness of the operated structures, contributing to improved surgical outcomes. The benefits of 3D printing in preoperative planning and patient education are confirmed by studies across the fields ranging from cardiac surgery to traumatology. CONCLUSION: After overcoming initial challenges, 3D printing has become a reliable component of the surgical arsenal at University Hospital Ostrava for elective surgery. While 3D printing does not represent a universal answer to all medical challenges, its role is highly beneficial and promising in many indicated cases.
- Keywords
- 3D printing, imaging technologies, personalized medicine, precision medicine, preoperative planning, surgical navigation,
- MeSH
- Printing, Three-Dimensional * MeSH
- Models, Anatomic * MeSH
- Surgical Procedures, Operative * MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Patient Care Planning * MeSH
- Preoperative Period * MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- English Abstract MeSH
- Journal Article MeSH
- Comparative Study MeSH
The suitability of CT and 3D scanners for craniometric proposes was tested using digital calipers when determining linear measurements, and a measuring cylinder was used for the accuracy of 3D printing of deer antlers obtained by the CT and 3D scanners. The resolution of digitized objects from a 3D scanner ranged from 0.008 mm to 0.122 mm. For mandibular dimensions, a positive deviation (p < 0.01) from the primary control measurement was recorded. The average antler volume measured with the cylinder was 60.47 cm3 at the first measurement, in the case of the CT scanner 61.62 cm3 and for the 3D scanner 64.76 cm3—both technologies exhibit a positive deviation from the primary measurement. Precise sensing and measurements can be used to evaluate the quality and evolution of wildlife populations, create digital museum collections, or to examine in detail certain traits such as antler and horn development or dentition.
- Keywords
- 3D scanner, CT, antlers, geometric morphometric, mandible, reproducibility of results,
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
The development of 3D organoids has provided a valuable tool for studying human tissue and organ development in vitro. Cerebral organoids, in particular, offer a unique platform for investigating neural diseases. However, current methods for generating cerebral organoids suffer from limitations such as labor-intensive protocols and high heterogeneity among organoids. To address these challenges, we present a microfluidic device designed to automate and streamline the formation and differentiation of cerebral organoids. The device utilizes microwells with two different shapes to promote the formation of a single aggregate per well and incorporates continuous medium flow for optimal nutrient exchange. In silico simulations supported the effectiveness of the microfluidic chip in replicating cellular microenvironments. Our results demonstrate that the microfluidic chip enables uniform growth of cerebral organoids, significantly reducing the hands-on time required for maintenance. Importantly, the performance of the microfluidic system is comparable to the standard 96-well plate format even when using half the amount of culture medium, and the resulting organoids exhibit substantially developed neuroepithelial buds and cortical structures. This study highlights the potential of custom-designed microfluidic technology in improving the efficiency of cerebral organoid culture.
- Keywords
- 3D cell culture, microfluidics, organoids, pluripotent stem cells, tissue engineering,
- MeSH
- Printing, Three-Dimensional * MeSH
- Cell Differentiation * MeSH
- Cell Culture Techniques methods instrumentation MeSH
- Equipment Design MeSH
- Lab-On-A-Chip Devices * MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Brain cytology growth & development MeSH
- Organoids * cytology growth & development MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
3D printing technique is currently one of the promising emerging technologies. It is used in many areas of human activity, including acoustic applications. This paper focuses on studying the sound reflection behavior of four different types of 3D-printed open-porous polylactic acid (PLA) material structures, namely cartesian, octagonal, rhomboid and starlit structures. Sound reflection properties were evaluated by means of the normal incidence sound reflection coefficient based on the transfer function method using an acoustic impedance tube. In this study, various factors affecting the sound reflection performance of the investigated PLA samples were evaluated. It can be concluded that the sound reflection behavior of the tested PLA specimens was strongly affected by different factors. It was influenced, not only by the type of 3D-printed open-porous material structure, but also by the excitation frequency, the total volume porosity, the specimen thickness, and the air gap size behind the tested specimen inside the acoustic impedance tube.
- Keywords
- 3D printing technique, air gap, excitation frequency, polylactic acid, porosity, sound reflection, thickness,
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
UNLABELLED: Nowadays 3D printing allows us to create physical objects on the basis of digital data. Thanks to its rapid development the use enormously increased in medicine too. Its creations facilitate surgical planning processes, education and research in context of organ transplantation, individualization prostheses, breast forms, and others.Our article describes the wide range of applied 3D printing technology possibilities in ophthalmology. It is focusing on innovative implementation of eye tumors treatment planning in stereotactic radiosurgery irradiation.We analyze our first experience with 3D printing model of the eye in intraocular tumor planning stereotactic radiosurgery. KEY WORDS: 3D printing, model, Fused Deposition Modelling, stereotactic radiosurgery, prostheses, intraocular tumor.
- MeSH
- Printing, Three-Dimensional statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Models, Biological MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging MeSH
- Eye Neoplasms radiotherapy MeSH
- Ophthalmology MeSH
- Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted MeSH
- Radiosurgery methods MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
