Diagnostic accuracy of pathogen detection depends upon the selection of suitable tests. Problems can arise when the selected diagnostic test gives false-positive or false-negative results, which can affect control measures, with consequences for the population health. The aim of this study was to compare sensitivity of different diagnostic methods IHC, PCR and qPCR detecting Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae, the causative agent of proliferative kidney disease in salmonid fish and as a consequence differences in disease prevalence. We analysed tissue from 388 salmonid specimens sampled from a recirculating system and rivers in the Czech Republic. Overall prevalence of T. bryosalmonae was extremely high at 92.0%, based on positive results of at least one of the above-mentioned screening methods. IHC resulted in a much lower detection rate (30.2%) than both PCR methods (qPCR32: 65.4%, PCR: 81.9%). While qPCR32 produced a good match with IHC (60.8%), all other methods differed significantly (p < .001) in the proportion of samples determined positive. Both PCR methods showed similar sensitivity, though specificity (i.e., the proportion of non-diseased fish classified correctly) differed significantly (p < .05). Sample preservation method significantly (p < .05) influenced the results of PCR, with a much lower DNA yield extracted from paraffin-embedded samples. Use of different methods that differ in diagnostic sensitivity and specificity resulted in random and systematic diagnosis errors, illustrating the importance of interpreting the results of each method carefully.

• Klíčová slova
• diagnostic sensitivity, diagnostic specificity, immunohistochemistry, polymerase chain reaction, prevalence, proliferative kidney disease,
• MeSH
• diagnostické testy rutinní metody   veterinární   MeSH
• Myxozoa izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• nemoci ryb diagnóza   epidemiologie   parazitologie   MeSH
• Oncorhynchus mykiss * MeSH
• parazitární nemoci u zvířat diagnóza   epidemiologie   parazitologie   MeSH
• parazitologie metody   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• pstruh * MeSH
• řeky MeSH
• vodní hospodářství MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH

Systematic reviews are carried out to provide an answer to a clinical question based on all available evidence (published and unpublished), to critically appraise the quality of studies, and account for and explain variations between the results of studies. The Joanna Briggs Institute specializes in providing methodological guidance for the conduct of systematic reviews and has developed methods and guidance for reviewers conducting systematic reviews of studies of diagnostic test accuracy. Diagnostic tests are used to identify the presence or absence of a condition for the purpose of developing an appropriate treatment plan. Owing to demands for improvements in speed, cost, ease of performance, patient safety, and accuracy, new diagnostic tests are continuously developed, and there are often several tests available for the diagnosis of a particular condition. In order to provide the evidence necessary for clinicians and other healthcare professionals to make informed decisions regarding the optimum test to use, primary studies need to be carried out on the accuracy of diagnostic tests and the results of these studies synthesized through systematic review. The Joanna Briggs Institute and its international collaboration have updated, revised, and developed new guidance for systematic reviews, including systematic reviews of diagnostic test accuracy. This methodological article summarizes that guidance and provides detailed advice on the effective conduct of systematic reviews of diagnostic test accuracy.

• MeSH
• diagnostické techniky a postupy * normy   MeSH
• empirický výzkum MeSH
• falešně negativní reakce MeSH
• falešně pozitivní reakce MeSH
• hodnocení biomedicínských technologií MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• medicína založená na důkazech * organizace a řízení   normy   MeSH
• metaanalýza jako téma * MeSH
• ROC křivka MeSH
• senzitivita a specificita MeSH
• systematický přehled jako téma * MeSH
• výzkumný projekt * normy   MeSH
• zkreslení výsledků (epidemiologie) MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by typical motor symptoms. However, recent studies show several non-motor features that may precede the development of the motor symptoms of PD. The best known premotor symptoms include hyposmia, REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD), constipation, and depression; other symptoms are excessive daytime somnolence, orthostatic hypotension and symptomatic hypotension, erectile or urinary dysfunction, musculoskeletal symptoms, pain, and global cognitive deficit. In this review, we summarize currently available diagnostic methods for these symptoms. We also briefly summarize neuroimaging, polyneuropathy, peripheral markers, and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers that may be used in the early diagnosis of PD.

• Klíčová slova
• Parkinson's disease, diagnostic methods, premotor symptoms,
• MeSH
• časná diagnóza MeSH
• kognitivní poruchy * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Parkinsonova nemoc * diagnóza   MeSH
• porucha chování v REM spánku * diagnóza   etiologie   MeSH
• zácpa MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Fatty liver diseases represent the most common chronic liver diseases today. Therefore, the diagnostics of fatty liver is of great importance. Sonography is the most used imaging method in daily clinical practice for its availability and good diagnostic performance. But there are limitations in lower sensitivity in mild steatosis and in subjects with more severe obesity. Sonographic findings of fatty liver include higher echogenity of liver parenchyma and attenuation of ultrasound waves in deeper parts of the liver. Furthermore, there are some other advanced methods for semiquantitative and quantitative assessment of the amount of the liver fat. Many of them are based on acoustic signal attenuation assessment. The most broadly used is a CAP (controlled attenuation parameter) feature of FibroScan, which can assess fatty liver without classic ultrasound examination. Thera are also special MR based techniques - MR spectroscopy and PDFF (protein density fat fraction) which allow liver fat quantification with high precision and can be used as a reference standard.

• Klíčová slova
• Fatty liver, diagnosis, diagnostics, magnetic resonance, quantification, sonography,
• MeSH
• elastografie * metody   MeSH
• játra diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie metody   MeSH
• nealkoholová steatóza jater * MeSH
• ultrasonografie metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• fibrinogen MeSH
• flebografie metody   MeSH
• infarkt myokardu komplikace   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pletysmografie MeSH
• plicní embolie diagnóza   MeSH
• postura těla MeSH
• radioizotopy jodu MeSH
• stanovení krevního objemu MeSH
• termografie MeSH
• tromboflebitida diagnóza   MeSH
• ultrasonografie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• fibrinogen MeSH
• radioizotopy jodu MeSH

This work presents a summary of current knowledge on the laboratory diagnosis of periodontitis. It focuses on the theoretical foundations and is supplemented with new knowledge. It subsequently describes specifically the laboratory diagnosis methods of periodontitis: the protein expression of inflammation, oral microbiology and molecular diagnostics. Periodontitis is a serious disease worldwide and its confirmed association with systemic diseases means its severity is increasing. Its laboratory diagnosis has the potential to rise to the level of clinical and diagnostic imaging. The transfer of diagnostic methods from laboratory to clinical use is increasingly used in the prevention and monitoring of the exacerbation and treatment of periodontal disease, as well as of its impact on systemic disease.

• Klíčová slova
• Biomarkers, Diagnosis, Gingival crevicular fluid, Markers of bone remodelling, Periodontitis, Point-of care testing, Saliva,
• MeSH
• biologické markery MeSH
• diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
• gingivální exsudát * mikrobiologie   MeSH
• indexy plaku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• parodont imunologie   mikrobiologie   patologie   MeSH
• parodontální index MeSH
• parodontitida diagnóza   epidemiologie   mikrobiologie   prevence a kontrola   terapie   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovenská republika epidemiologie   MeSH
• Názvy látek
• biologické markery MeSH

Invasive bilirubin measurements remain the gold standard for the diagnosis and treatment of infants with severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. The present paper describes different methods currently available to assess hyperbilirubinemia in newborn infants. Novel point-of-care bilirubin measurement methods, such as the BiliSpec and the Bilistick, would benefit many newborn infants, especially in low-income and middle-income countries where the access to costly multi-analyzer in vitro diagnostic instruments is limited. Total serum bilirubin test results should be accurate within permissible limits of measurement uncertainty to be fit for clinical purposes. This implies correct implementation of internationally endorsed reference measurement systems as well as participation in external quality assessment programs. Novel analytic methods may, apart from bilirubin, include the determination of bilirubin photoisomers and bilirubin oxidation products in blood and even in other biological matrices. IMPACT: Key message: Bilirubin measurements in blood remain the gold standard for diagnosis and treatment of severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (SNH). External quality assessment (EQA) plays an important role in revealing inaccuracies in diagnostic bilirubin measurements. What does this article add to the existing literature? We provide analytic performance data on total serum bilirubin (TSB) as measured during recent EQA surveys. We review novel diagnostic point-of-care (POC) bilirubin measurement methods and analytic methods for determining bilirubin levels in biological matrices other than blood. Impact: Manufacturers should make TSB test results traceable to the internationally endorsed total bilirubin reference measurement system and should ensure permissible limits of measurement uncertainty.

• MeSH
• bilirubin krev   MeSH
• biologické markery krev   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• novorozenecká hyperbilirubinemie krev   diagnóza   terapie   MeSH
• novorozenecká žloutenka krev   diagnóza   terapie   MeSH
• novorozenecký screening * MeSH
• point of care testing * MeSH
• prediktivní hodnota testů MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
• upregulace MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• bilirubin MeSH
• biologické markery MeSH

• MeSH
• diagnostické techniky molekulární * metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• molekulární patologie * metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• úvodní články MeSH
• úvodníky MeSH

OBJECTIVE: To compare the accuracy of ultrasound, sialography, and sialendoscopy for examining benign salivary gland obstructions. METHODS: In this prospective study, patients with symptoms of obstruction of the major salivary gland duct system presenting at the ENT Clinic University Hospital, Ostrava, from June 2010 to December 2013 were included. All patients (n=76) underwent ultrasound, sialography, and sialoendoscopy. The signs of sialolithiasis, ductal stenosis, or normal findings were recorded after the examinations. Statistical analysis of the sensitivity and specificity of all the methods was performed, as well as a comparison of the accuracy of each method for different kinds of pathology (sialolithiasis or stenosis). RESULTS: The sensitivity of ultrasound, sialography, and sialoendoscopy for sialolithiasis findings were 71.9%, 86.7 %, and 100%, respectively. The sensitivity of sialography and sialoendoscopy for stenosis of the duct was 69.0%, and 100%, respectively. The study showed impossibility of ultrasonic diagnostics of ductal stenosis. The sensitivity of sialoendoscopy for both pathologies was significantly higher than that from ultrasound or sialography (p<0.05). The specificity of sialoendoscopy was significantly higher than that from by ultrasound or sialography (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Sialoendoscopy was the most accurate method for examination ductal pathology, with significantly higher sensitivity and specificity than by ultrasound or sialography.

• Klíčová slova
• Benign salivary gland obstruction, Sialoendoscopy, Sialography, Sialolithiasis, Ultrasound,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Fast and accurate detection of causative agents of bloodstream infections remains a challenge of today's microbiology. We compared the performance of cutting-edge technology based on polymerase chain reaction coupled with electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (PCR/ESI-MS) with that of conventional broad-range 16S rRNA PCR and blood culture to address the current diagnostic possibilities for bloodstream infections. Of 160 blood samples tested, PCR/ESI-MS revealed clinically meaningful microbiological agents in 47 samples that were missed by conventional diagnostic approaches (29.4% of all analyzed samples). Notably, PCR/ESI-MS shortened the time to positivity of the blood culture-positive samples by an average of 34 hr. PCR/ESI-MS technology substantially improved current diagnostic tools and represented an opportunity to make bloodstream infections diagnostics sensitive, accurate, and timely with a broad spectrum of microorganisms covered.

• Klíčová slova
• 16S PCR, PCR/ESI-MS, bloodstream infections, broad-range PCR, molecular diagnostics,
• MeSH
• bakteriemie diagnóza   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• diagnostické techniky molekulární metody   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hmotnostní spektrometrie s elektrosprejovou ionizací metody   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrobiologické techniky MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce metody   MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• sepse diagnóza   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• RNA ribozomální 16S MeSH