BACKGROUND: Palliative care is crucial for patients with life-threatening and serious diseases such as cancer, as it addresses their physical, psychosocial, and spiritual needs. Hematological malignancies significantly contribute to global cancer cases, impacting both older adults and children. To meet the increasing demand for palliative care, electronic patient-reported outcome (ePRO) interventions offer valuable insights into patient monitoring and treatment decision-making. The MyPal project developed a digital ePRO solution to improve palliative care by enabling structured symptom reporting and promoting physician-patient communication. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to explore the perceptions, opinions, and needs of adult and pediatric patients with cancer, caregivers, and health care professionals (HCPs) regarding low-fidelity versions of the MyPal project's digital solution, which is designed to improve palliative cancer care. METHODS: A qualitative, cross-sectional study was conducted using 12 prepilot focus groups (FGs) across 4 European countries (Greece, Italy, Germany, and the Czech Republic) at participating hospitals and research centers. The FGs, held in person, included 61 participants, including 27 (44%) adult patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia or myelodysplastic syndromes, 19 (31%) children with hematological malignancies or solid tumors and their parents, and 15 (25%) HCPs specializing in oncology and palliative care. A semistructured discussion guide, informed by vignettes and user personas, was used to facilitate discussions. Sessions were audio recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using thematic analysis to identify and extract themes and subthemes from the FG discussions. RESULTS: Three main themes emerged from the FG discussions. The first theme, improved care, showcased the project's potential to enhance health care through patient-reported measures by improving symptom monitoring, streamlining decision-making, and strengthening physician-patient communication. Patients and caregivers valued the ability to report symptoms remotely, reducing unnecessary hospital visits, while HCPs appreciated having structured patient data to guide treatment. The second theme, digital communication framework, revealed that while participants recognized the benefits of digital tools, they had concerns about data security, privacy, and clarity regarding communication protocols. Questions emerged about how and when HCPs would review and respond to patient-reported data. In the third theme, applicability for use in health care, participants emphasized the importance of the system's ease of use, particularly for older patients and young children. Concerns were raised about the potential intrusiveness of the system, particularly regarding notification frequency and the impact on daily life. HCPs highlighted workload challenges, suggesting the need for a structured alert system to prioritize urgent cases. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that ePRO-based interventions such as MyPal can improve palliative care by facilitating communication and patient monitoring. However, addressing privacy concerns, optimizing usability for diverse populations, and ensuring seamless integration into clinical workflows are critical for successful adoption. Insights from this study will inform future development and optimization of eHealth interventions in palliative care.

• Klíčová slova
• adult patients with cancer, eHealth systems, focus group discussions, health care professionals, palliative care,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The application of digital pathology and artificial intelligence in anatomical pathology represents a revolutionary step towards the modernization of diagnostic processes. Digitalization, primarily based on creation and subsequent use of whole slide imaging, enables generating of full digital images of histological slides, offering potential benefits in diagnostic accuracy and accessibility. Unlike traditional microscopy, digital pathology also facilitates telemedicine and remote consultation, opening new possibilities for collaboration and sharing of expertise at both national and international levels. However, implementing a digital workflow requires substantial investments in scanners, software platforms, high-capacity storage, and IT infrastructure. Despite considerable costs of implementation, it brings numerous advantages, including time savings, opportunities for centralized diagnostics, and a reduction in sample transport costs. This paper focuses on the practical aspects of implementing digital pathology in pathology laboratories, emphasizing the benefits, risks, and technological requirements associated with digitalized workflows. It also discusses crucial roles of validation and verification, which are essential for ensuring a diagnostic accuracy of digital images compared to conventional microscopy. The article presents digital pathology as a dynamically evolving field with high potential for personalized medicine, improved diagnostic accuracy, and support for remote collaboration, addressing the growing demands of modern medicine.

• Klíčová slova
• Digital Pathology, artificial intelligence, machine learning, whole slide image,
• MeSH
• laboratorní medicína * metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikroskopie MeSH
• počítačové zpracování obrazu * MeSH
• průběh práce * MeSH
• telepatologie MeSH
• umělá inteligence MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

PURPOSE: This study evaluated and compared the marginal fidelity of milled zirconia copings before and after finishing and polishing with and without a control die. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective multicenter in vitro trial involved two methods regularly used in two clinics for hybrid and full-digital workflows. A typodont mandibular molar was prepared. From each workflow, 20 zirconia crown copings were milled from a single scan. Ten zirconia crown copings were assigned randomly from each workflow to be finished and polished. Finishing and polishing in the hybrid workflow were done directly on the typodont, representing the control die. There were four groups in this study: No-die-Before (full-digital without finishing and polishing), No-die-After (hybrid without finishing and polishing), Die-based-Before (full-digital with finishing and polishing), and Die-based-After (hybrid with finishing and polishing). The typodont tooth was divided into eight zones for systematic measurement. All groups were evaluated using a digital optical microscope. RESULTS: The mean values with the standard deviation of No-die-Before, No-die-After, Die-based-Before, and Die-based-After groups were 24.90 ± 23.88, 30.62 ± 32.63, 21.03 ± 16.65, and 18.93 ± 18.27, respectively. The maximum values for the No-die-Before and No-die-After groups were 124 and 131 µm, respectively. All the values in the Die-based-Before and Die-based-After groups were less than the acceptable marginal gap of 75 µm. CONCLUSIONS: There was no statistical significance between the two workflows. However, the control die enabled achieving superior accuracy. Without it, the marginal gap might worsen after finishing and polishing in the full-digital workflow.

• Klíčová slova
• 3D printing, CAD‐CAM, dental crowns, dental marginal adaptation, dental prosthesis design, prosthodontics,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

An expert group mandated by the European Society of Pathology (ESP) outlines its recommendations on the digital transformation of pathology departments, aiming to facilitate the acquisition of resources for better patient care. This statement is directed at pathology professionals, offering guidance for the safe implementation of digital pathology while emphasizing the necessity of standardization, quality control, and sustainability. Digital pathology involves automating and standardizing laboratory workflows to produce high-quality whole slide images (WSIs), which are crucial for diagnosis, research, and education. A successful digital transformation requires a multidisciplinary approach, significant investment in human, structural, and informatic resources, and progressive adaptation of laboratory workflows. Key components include robust infrastructure; continuous training; and clear policies for hardware renewal, data storage, and interoperability. The transition demands attention to quality and production control, ensuring efficient WSI generation and timely diagnostic reporting. ESP strongly recommends that pathology departments, supported by funding organizations, start to prioritize digital transformation as a step toward improved patient care and in alignment with global healthcare initiatives. Collaboration, investment, and adherence to quality standards are critical to benefiting the most the full potential of digital pathology.

• Klíčová slova
• Digital pathology, Digital transformation, Recommendations,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Despite significant improvement in the survival of pediatric patients with cancer, treatment outcomes for high-risk, relapsed, and refractory cancers remain unsatisfactory. Moreover, prolonged survival is frequently associated with long-term adverse effects due to intensive multimodal treatments. Accelerating the progress of pediatric oncology requires both therapeutic advances and strategies to mitigate the long-term cytotoxic side effects, potentially through targeting specific molecular drivers of pediatric malignancies. In this report, we present the results of integrative genomic and transcriptomic profiling of 230 patients with malignant solid tumors (the "primary cohort") and 18 patients with recurrent or otherwise difficult-to-treat nonmalignant conditions (the "secondary cohort"). The integrative workflow for the primary cohort enabled the identification of clinically significant single nucleotide variants, small insertions/deletions, and fusion genes, which were found in 55% and 28% of patients, respectively. For 38% of patients, molecularly informed treatment recommendations were made. In the secondary cohort, known or potentially driving alteration was detected in 89% of cases, including a suspected novel causal gene for patients with inclusion body infantile digital fibromatosis. Furthermore, 47% of findings also brought therapeutic implications for subsequent management. Across both cohorts, changes or refinements to the original histopathological diagnoses were achieved in 4% of cases. Our study demonstrates the efficacy of integrating advanced genomic and transcriptomic analyses to identify therapeutic targets, refine diagnoses, and optimize treatment strategies for challenging pediatric and young adult malignancies and underscores the need for broad implementation of precision oncology in clinical settings.

• Klíčová slova
• next-generation sequencing, pediatric oncology, precision medicine,
• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• genomika * metody   MeSH
• individualizovaná medicína * metody   MeSH
• kohortové studie MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lékařská onkologie metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• nádory * genetika   terapie   MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• stanovení celkové genové exprese MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

PATIENTS: This case report presents a minimally invasive approach to replace a missing mandibular lateral incisor using a dual-injection molding technique with flowable composite resins. Integrated with a comprehensive digital workflow, this method achieves a structurally and esthetically biomimetic, bi-layered prosthetic solution. A 34-year-old woman with congenital absence of a mandibular lateral incisor was successfully rehabilitated using a direct composite resin-bonded fixed partial denture (RBFPD). DISCUSSION: Two specialized three-dimensional (3D)-printed flexible indices stabilized by a custom-designed 3D-printed rigid holder were employed to ensure the meticulous injection molding of flowable composite resins formulated to emulate the inherent chromatic gradations between dentin and enamel. The inherent flexibility of the indices, combined with the holder, facilitated accurate and seamless adaptation to the complex morphological features of the dental arch, thereby mitigating the challenges commonly associated with rigid 3D-printed resin indices. CONCLUSIONS: The bilayered direct composite RBFPD using 3D printed flexible indices prepared with a full digital workflow has several advantages over other dental prosthetic solutions, including noninvasiveness, cost-effectiveness, biomimetic esthetics, repairability, and shortened treatment times. Although the initial results are promising, further longitudinal studies with larger patient cohorts are required to confirm the long-term efficacy of this approach.

• Klíčová slova
• Bi-layered restoration, Digital workflow, Direct composite resin-bonded fixed partial denture, Injection molding technique, Missing lateral incisor,
• MeSH
• 3D tisk * MeSH
• anodoncie rehabilitace   terapie   MeSH
• biomimetika MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mandibula * MeSH
• řezáky * MeSH
• složené pryskyřice * MeSH
• zubní náhrady částečné pevné lepené pryskyřicí MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH
• Názvy látek
• složené pryskyřice * MeSH

Recent advancements in digital technologies have transformed clinical workflows in dentistry, ensuring precise restorations. Custom-made crowns and fixed partial dentures (FPDs) now rely on virtual articulation. The digital facebow provides individualized data for CAD settings, streamlining the fabrication via digital workflow. For the purpose of demonstrating the differences observed during fabrication, we present a case report involving a 68-year-old patient seeking a replacement for missing teeth 24, 25, 26, and 27. The treatment plan involved the fabrication of an implant-supported FPD using monolithic zirconia (ZrO2). However, technical hurdles emerged during the planning phase, primarily due to spatial limitations posing a risk of mechanical failure over time. Consequently, we pivoted approach towards a porcelain fused to metal (PFM) FPD. For the PFM FPD, individual values from the digital facebow adjusted both virtual and conventional articulators. For comparison, two ZrO2 FPDs were milled-individual settings and average settings. All restorations underwent assessment for occlusion in maximal intercuspal position and eccentric mandible movements. In conclusion, the case report showed that individualized PFM FPD required minimal adjustments compared to milled ZrO2 restorations, whether using individual or average values. Utilizing individual values from the digital facebow reduced operator working time and minimized the intraoral adjustments.

• Klíčová slova
• CAD/CAM, digital, facebow, implant-supported crowns,
• MeSH
• design s pomocí počítače * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• průběh práce MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• zirkonium MeSH
• zubní korunky * MeSH
• zubní náhrada ve spojení s implantáty * metody   MeSH
• zubní náhrady částečné fixní MeSH
• zubní protéza - design metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH
• Názvy látek
• zirconium oxide MeSH Prohlížeč
• zirkonium MeSH

Annotation of multiple regions of interest across the whole mouse brain is an indispensable process for quantitative evaluation of a multitude of study endpoints in neuroscience digital pathology. Prior experience and domain expert knowledge are the key aspects for image annotation quality and consistency. At present, image annotation is often achieved manually by certified pathologists or trained technicians, limiting the total throughput of studies performed at neuroscience digital pathology labs. It may also mean that simpler and quicker methods of examining tissue samples are used by non-pathologists, especially in the early stages of research and preclinical studies. To address these limitations and to meet the growing demand for image analysis in a pharmaceutical setting, we developed AnNoBrainer, an open-source software tool that leverages deep learning, image registration, and standard cortical brain templates to automatically annotate individual brain regions on 2D pathology slides. Application of AnNoBrainer to a published set of pathology slides from transgenic mice models of synucleinopathy revealed comparable accuracy, increased reproducibility, and a significant reduction (~ 50%) in time spent on brain annotation, quality control and labelling compared to trained scientists in pathology. Taken together, AnNoBrainer offers a rapid, accurate, and reproducible automated annotation of mouse brain images that largely meets the experts' histopathological assessment standards (> 85% of cases) and enables high-throughput image analysis workflows in digital pathology labs.

• Klíčová slova
• Deep learning, Image registration, Mouse brain,
• MeSH
• deep learning * MeSH
• mozek * diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   MeSH
• myši transgenní MeSH
• myši MeSH
• počítačové zpracování obrazu * metody   MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• software normy   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Recording the provenance of scientific computation results is key to the support of traceability, reproducibility and quality assessment of data products. Several data models have been explored to address this need, providing representations of workflow plans and their executions as well as means of packaging the resulting information for archiving and sharing. However, existing approaches tend to lack interoperable adoption across workflow management systems. In this work we present Workflow Run RO-Crate, an extension of RO-Crate (Research Object Crate) and Schema.org to capture the provenance of the execution of computational workflows at different levels of granularity and bundle together all their associated objects (inputs, outputs, code, etc.). The model is supported by a diverse, open community that runs regular meetings, discussing development, maintenance and adoption aspects. Workflow Run RO-Crate is already implemented by several workflow management systems, allowing interoperable comparisons between workflow runs from heterogeneous systems. We describe the model, its alignment to standards such as W3C PROV, and its implementation in six workflow systems. Finally, we illustrate the application of Workflow Run RO-Crate in two use cases of machine learning in the digital image analysis domain.

• MeSH
• průběh práce * MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• software MeSH
• strojové učení MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

In the continuously advancing field of mechanical engineering, digitalization is bringing a major transformation, specifically with the concept of digital twins. Digital twins are dynamic digital models of real-world systems and processes, crucial for Industry 4.0 and the emerging Industry 5.0, which are changing how humans and machines work together in manufacturing. This paper explores the combination of physics-based and data-driven modeling using advanced Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) techniques. This approach provides a comprehensive understanding of mechanical systems, improving materials design and manufacturing processes. The focus is on the advanced 42SiCr alloy, where AI-driven digital twinning is used to optimize cooling rates during Quenching and Partitioning (Q-P) treatments. This leads to significant improvements in the mechanical properties of 42SiCr steel. Given its complex properties influenced by various factors, this alloy is perfect for digital twinning. The Q-P heat treatment process not only restores the material's deformability but also gives it advanced high-strength steel (AHSS) properties. The findings show how AI and ML can effectively guide the development of high-strength steels and enhance their treatment processes. Additionally, integrating digital twins with new technologies like the Metaverse offers exciting possibilities for simulated production, remote monitoring, and collaborative design. By establishing a clear workflow from physical to digital twins and presenting empirical results, this paper connects theoretical modeling with practical applications, paving the way for smarter manufacturing solutions in mechanical engineering. Furthermore, this paper analyzes how digital twins can be integrated into advanced technologies like the Metaverse, opening up new possibilities for simulated production, remote monitoring, design collaboration, training simulations, analytics, and complete supply chain visibility. This integration is a crucial step toward realizing the full potential of digitalization in mechanical engineering.

• Klíčová slova
• 42SiCr steel, Artificial intelligence, Cooling rate, Digital twin, Metaverse, Q&P treatment,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH