The utilisation of waste wood from furniture production brings new problems connected with an incomplete thermochemical decomposition of additives (chemicals for improving properties of plastics) in small heating with the addition of sources. Unique organic compounds produced by the combustion of waste wood allow the identification of the type of fuel. The organic compounds contained in the char deposits were analysed by pyrolysis gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. The deposits from the combustion of briquettes from furniture production contain organic compounds originating by decomposition of phenolic resins, aminoplasts (urea-formaldehyde, resorcinol-formaldehyde and melamine), polyurethanes and wood glue. Additives contained in the deposits include plasticisers such as phthalates (DEHP, dibutyl phthalate and diisobutyl phthalate), flame retardants (2-propanol, 1-chlorophosphate (3:1) and p-terphenyl). Deposits from the combustion of briquettes from virgin wood do not contain these compounds. The total amount of compounds identified in the deposits from the boiler, which do not come from virgin wood combustion, varies in the range between 4.25 and 6.25 g/kg. Phthalates (55.5%) and PVAc adhesives (18.6%) are the main anthropogenic compounds in the deposits from domestic boilers.

• Klíčová slova
• Air emissions, Domestic heating, Furniture waste wood, Polymer wood composites, Py-GC/MS,
• MeSH
• dřevo chemie   MeSH
• formaldehyd analýza   MeSH
• látky znečišťující vzduch * analýza   MeSH
• plynová chromatografie s hmotnostně spektrometrickou detekcí MeSH
• polyurethany analýza   MeSH
• vytápění MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• formaldehyd MeSH
• látky znečišťující vzduch * MeSH
• polyurethany MeSH

Five different domestic heating boilers (automatic, over-fire, with down-draft combustion and gasification) and three types of fuel (lignite, wood and mixed fuel) were examined in 25 combustion tests and correlated with the emissions of particulate matter (PM), carbon monoxide (CO), total organic carbon (TOC) and 12 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs with MW = 178-278 g/mol) focusing on particle phase. However, the distribution of 12 PAHs in gas phase was considered as well due to the presence mainly of lighter PAHs in gas phase. The PAHs, as well as the CO and TOC, are the indicators of incomplete combustion, and in this study PAH emission increased significantly with increasing emissions of CO and TOC. The PAHs were mainly detected on PM2.5, their contents were increasing linearly with increasing PM2.5 emissions. The highest emission factors of PAHs were measured for boilers of old construction, such as over-fire boiler (5.8-929 mg/kg) and boiler with down-draft combustion (3.1-54.1 mg/kg). Modern types of boilers produced much lower emissions of PAHs, in particular, automatic boiler (0.3-3.3 mg/kg) and gasification boilers (0.2-6.7 mg/kg). In general, the inefficient combustion at reduced output of boilers generated 1.4-17.7 times more emissions of PAHs than the combustion at nominal output of boilers. It is recommended to operate boilers at nominal output with sufficient air supply and to use the proper fuel to minimise PAHs emissions from domestic heating appliances.

• Klíčová slova
• Benzo[a]pyrene, Domestic heating, Hot water boiler, PAHs, Particulate matter,
• MeSH
• dřevo chemie   MeSH
• látky znečišťující vzduch analýza   MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí * MeSH
• oxid uhelnatý MeSH
• pevné částice analýza   MeSH
• polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky analýza   MeSH
• uhlí MeSH
• vysoká teplota MeSH
• vytápění MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• látky znečišťující vzduch MeSH
• oxid uhelnatý MeSH
• pevné částice MeSH
• polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky MeSH
• uhlí MeSH

This study reports on the first complex data set of emission factors (EFs) of selected pollutants from combustion of five fuel types (lignite, bituminous coal, spruce, beech, and maize) in six different domestic heating appliances of various combustion designs. The effect of fuel as well as the effect of boiler type was studied. In total, 46 combustion runs were performed, during which numerous EFs were measured, including the EFs of particulate matter (PM), carbon monoxide, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), hexachlorobenzene (HxCBz), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDD/F), etc. The highest EFs of nonchlorinated pollutants were measured for old-type boilers with over-fire and under-fire designs and with manual stoking and natural draft. Emissions of the above-mentioned pollutants from modern-type boilers (automatic, downdraft) were 10 times lower or more. The decisive factor for emission rate of nonchlorinated pollutants was the type of appliance; the type of fuel plays only a minor role. Emissions of chlorinated pollutants were proportional mainly to the chlorine content in fuel, but the type of appliance also influenced the rate of emissions significantly. Surprisingly, higher EFs of PCDD/F from combustion of chlorinated bituminous coal were observed for modern-type boilers (downdraft, automatic) than for old-type ones. On the other hand, when bituminous coal was burned, higher emissions of HxCBz were found for old-type boilers than for modern-type ones.

• MeSH
• benzofurany analýza   MeSH
• látky znečišťující vzduch analýza   MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí * MeSH
• organické látky analýza   MeSH
• polychlorované bifenyly analýza   MeSH
• polychlorované dibenzodioxiny analogy a deriváty   analýza   MeSH
• polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky analýza   MeSH
• spalování odpadů MeSH
• vytápění * MeSH
• zdroje energie * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• benzofurany MeSH
• látky znečišťující vzduch MeSH
• organické látky MeSH
• polychlorované bifenyly MeSH
• polychlorované dibenzodioxiny MeSH
• polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky MeSH

BACKGROUND: Structural changes in collagen and elastin fiber density have been previously evaluated by qualitative histological studies; however, quantitative evaluations are lacking. AIM: To evaluate quantitative changes in collagen and elastin fibers in the vaginal wall in a porcine model after volumetric radiofrequency heating with an intravaginal applicator. METHODS: An animal model was used (domestic pig, multipara: 5.67 ± 0.94 deliveries, 3 years of age). Three pigs under general anesthesia were treated (8-minute, vaginal canal area) once per week for the course of three weeks. There were 2 follow-up evaluations at one and four weeks. Histology specimens were obtained via punch biopsy under ultrasound control. Ultrasound video measurements of the vaginal wall thickness were also obtained. Tissue samples were stained by H&E as well as stains for collagen and elastin fibers. RESULTS: Elastin (P < .001) and collagen (P < .01) fiber density increased after every treatment. The measured increase in fibers was highest at the one-week follow-up. Elastin accounted on average for 51.46 ± 16.86% of the tissue examined (increase of 36.8% points), while collagen accounted on average for 44.83 ± 18.92% (increase of 17.1% points). The number of synthetically active cells was increased by 16%. While vaginal wall thickness did show an increase of 1.66 mm (32%), this tendency was not statistically significant (P > .05). CONCLUSION: Results suggest that volumetric heating of vaginal tissue produced quantitative improvement in the connective tissue organization in a porcine study. Neocollagenesis and neoelastogenesis were observed with an increased number of synthetically active cells.

• Klíčová slova
• histology, intravaginal, neocollagenesis, neoelastogenesis, radiofrequency volumetric heating,
• MeSH
• elastin * analýza   biosyntéza   MeSH
• kolagen * analýza   biosyntéza   MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
• pojivová tkáň patologie   účinky záření   MeSH
• radiofrekvenční terapie * přístrojové vybavení   metody   MeSH
• Sus scrofa MeSH
• vagina * patologie   účinky záření   MeSH
• vaginální onemocnění * patologie   terapie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• elastin * MeSH
• kolagen * MeSH

We describe the morphological, biological, and molecular characteristics of Cryptosporidium pig genotype II and propose the species name Cryptosporidium scrofarum n. sp. to reflect its prevalence in adult pigs worldwide. Oocysts of C. scrofarum are morphologically indistinguishable from C. parvum, measuring 4.81-5.96 μm (mean=5.16)×4.23-5.29 μm (mean=4.83) with a length to width ratio of 1.07±0.06 (n=400). Oocysts of C. scrofarum obtained from a naturally infected pig were infectious for 8-week-old pigs but not 4-week-old pigs. The prepatent period in 8-week-old Cryptosporidium-naive pigs was 4-6 days and the patent period was longer than 30 days. The infection intensity of C. scrofarum in pigs was generally low, in the range 250-4000 oocysts per gram of feces. Infected pigs showed no clinical signs of cryptosporidiosis and no pathology was detected. Cryptosporidium scrofarum was not infectious for adult SCID mice, adult BALB/c mice, Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus), southern multimammate mice (Mastomys coucha), yellow-necked mice (Apodemus flavicollis), or guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus). Phylogenetic analyses based on small subunit rRNA, actin, and heat shock protein 70 gene sequences revealed that C. scrofarum is genetically distinct from all known Cryptosporidium species.

• MeSH
• Cryptosporidium klasifikace   cytologie   genetika   MeSH
• druhová specificita MeSH
• feces parazitologie   MeSH
• fylogeneze * MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• Gerbillinae MeSH
• kryptosporidióza patologie   veterinární   MeSH
• morčata MeSH
• myši inbrední BALB C MeSH
• myši SCID MeSH
• myši MeSH
• nemoci prasat parazitologie   patologie   MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• protozoální geny genetika   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• morčata MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH

Elevated summer temperature is reported to be the leading cause of stress in dairy and beef cows, which negatively affects various reproductive functions. Follicular cells respond to heat stress (HS) by activating the expression of heat shock family proteins (HSPs) and other antioxidants. HS is reported to negatively affect the bi-directional communication between the follicular cells and the oocyte, which is partly mediated by follicular fluid extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from surrounding cells. As carriers of bioactive molecules (DNA, RNA, protein, and lipids), the involvement of EVs in mediating the stress response in follicular cells is not fully understood. Here we used an in vitro model to decipher the cellular and EV-coupled miRNAs of bovine granulosa cells in response to HS. Moreover, the protective role of stress-related EVs against subsequent HS was assessed. For this, bovine granulosa cells from smaller follicles were cultured in vitro and after sub-confluency, cells were either kept at 37 °C or subjected to HS (42 °C). Results showed that granulosa cells exposed to HS increased the accumulation of ROS, total oxidized protein, apoptosis, and the expression of HSPs and antioxidants, while the viability of cells was reduced. Moreover, 14 and 6 miRNAs were differentially expressed in heat-stressed granulosa cells and the corresponding EVs, respectively. Supplementation of stress-related EVs in cultured granulosa cells has induced adaptive response to subsequent HS. However, this potential was not pronounced when the cells were kept under 37 °C. Taking together, EVs generated from granulosa cells exposed to HS has the potential to shuttle bioactive molecules to recipient cells and make them robust to subsequent HS.

• MeSH
• apoptóza MeSH
• extracelulární vezikuly genetika   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• folikulární buňky metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• nemoci skotu epidemiologie   genetika   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• ovariální folikul metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• poruchy vyvolané tepelným stresem genetika   patofyziologie   veterinární   MeSH
• reakce na tepelný šok * MeSH
• regulace genové exprese MeSH
• skot MeSH
• stanovení celkové genové exprese MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• skot MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

A study was performed to examine microclimate in 14 stables belonging to 10 horsemen's teams and clubs; five of these houses were new-built. In five race-horse stables housing 16 horses each, on an average, where the optimum air temperature ranged from 10 degrees C to 12 degrees C, measurements and examinations were performed in the winter period and the following results were obtained: space per 1 horse housed 42.9 plus or minus 8.7 m-3, relative air humidity 74.3 plus or minus 3.8%, CO2 concentration 0.175 plus or minus 0.027%, NH3 concentration 0.00135 plus or minus 0.00044%. A large majority of horse stables under our conditions lack suitable ventilating equipment for winter and for cold periods. Together with the present-day building technology and with excessive space of box-type houses, this implies that microclimate conditions are unsuitable and harmful to health; in particular, this is true of cold and wet conditions. In the existing stables this problem can be solved by additional heating, preferably with the hot-air system. It is necessary that horse stables should have good thermal-insulation characteristics, with plastered brick walls 45 cm in thickness and with thermally insulated loft. Floors must be solid, hard, and plane. Modern building technology and new materials must secure all the required parameters, with due respect to all factors constituting microclimate and to purposeful layout of race horse stables. It appears desirable to issue a state standard for the construction of horse stables.

• MeSH
• bydlení zvířat * MeSH
• klimatizace * MeSH
• koně fyziologie   MeSH
• konstrukční materiály MeSH
• roční období MeSH
• teplota MeSH
• větrání MeSH
• vlhkost MeSH
• vytápění MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Optimised purification steps for concentrating trace target native antigens are needed. Combining the p-aminobenzamidine ligand with protease inactivation enables partial purification of mite non-protease allergens lacking proteases. OBJECTIVE: We sought to analyse in detail proteins obtained using this method from eight species of synanthropic acaridid mites and tested IgE reactivity using pooled human sera. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Proteins affinity bound to p-aminobenzamidine as a ligand were identified by MALDI TOF/TOF. After electroblotting, the proteins were visualised using the fluorescent SYPRO-Ruby protein blot stain, and IgE reactivity was further analysed using pooled human sera collected from patients allergic to house dust mites. RESULTS: MS/MS identification confirmed previous results that no proteases were purified. Protein patterns corresponding to the allergens Der f 7, Der f 30 and actins indicated that these proteins are purified using p-aminobenzamidine and are present across a wide spectrum of acaridid mites. When using Dermatophagoides farinae, apolipophorins (Der f 14), chitinase-like Der f 15 and 18, 70-kDa heat shock protein, and a Der f Alt a10 allergen homolog (gi|37958173) were also detected. The target antigens tropomyosins and paramyosins showed similar IgE binding among the mite species tested. IgE reactivity with miscellaneous D. farinae antigen was also observed. CONCLUSIONS: Partial purification of mite non-protease antigens using a strategy combining p-aminobenzamidine with protease inactivation was verified by 1D-E and 2D-E analyses. IgE binding to p-aminobenzamidine-purified native non-protease mite antigens was tested using pooled sera. This preliminary study allows for further work on individual serum samples, allowing confirmation of immunoreactivity.

• Klíčová slova
• Actin, Affinity chromatography, Allergen, House dust mite, Native antigen, Paramyosin, Stored-product mite, Tropomyosin,
• MeSH
• alergie imunologie   MeSH
• antigeny roztočů domácího prachu imunologie   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• benzamidiny MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Pyroglyphidae imunologie   MeSH
• tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• 4-aminobenzamidine MeSH Prohlížeč
• antigeny roztočů domácího prachu MeSH
• benzamidiny MeSH

20-Hydroxyecdysone (20-OH) is a natural compound with many demonstrated effects on the physiological functions of vertebrates, particularly increased protein synthesis. Our study sought a suitable dosage form with continuous release of the drug lasting several weeks for implantation into agricultural animals. Biodegradable microparticles and implants of poly(L-lactic) and poly(DL-lactic) acids were prepared. Oligomers of these materials were synthesized, and a method of melting the binary mixture of the oligomer and 20-OH was employed. The particles were prepared simply by grinding the solidified block of the melt and sieving. Implants were prepared by extruding the melt into silicone tubes, removing the solidified content, and cutting into cylinders of 2 mm diameter and various lengths. A new method of preparation of hollow cylinders by aspirating air into silicone tubes filled with the melt was developed. The experiments demonstrated stability of 20-OH during heat treatment. Release of the active ingredient was tested in static in vitro conditions, analogous to those at the site of implantation, and prolonged drug release was obtained with both types of implant. The hollow implants gave release rates nearest to ideal zero-order kinetics and would appear most appropriate for testing in vivo.

• MeSH
• ekdysteron farmakokinetika   MeSH
• hospodářská zvířata * MeSH
• kinetika MeSH
• silikony MeSH
• vstřebatelné implantáty MeSH
• vysoká teplota MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• ekdysteron MeSH
• silikony MeSH

• MeSH
• králíci MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• termoregulace * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• králíci MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH