The objective of the study was to analyze the influence of coating treatments on sound propagation speeds in thin boards, along the longitudinal and radial directions of resonance wood. The samples studied were thin boards made of spruce and maple wood with dimensions of 240 mm × 80 mm × 4 mm (length × width × thickness) subjected to different coating treatments (oil-based varnish and alcohol varnish) as well as unvarnished samples, exposed to radiation UV, and specimens treated in the saline fog. The test method consisted of evaluating the propagation speeds of Lamb waves applied to thin plates, according to a semicircular test model, so that the results highlighted both the acoustic response in the longitudinal and radial directions as well as the variation in the anisotropy of the samples with the change in the sound propagation direction relative to wood fibers. Based on the statistical analysis, sound propagation speed profiles were obtained in each of the 38 directions analyzed for all wood samples. The results highlighted that the oil-based varnish led to a decrease in the speed of propagation in the radial direction, compared to the alcoholic varnish, whose major effect was in the longitudinal direction, on the spruce wood. On maple wood, increasing the number of varnish layers, regardless of the type of varnish, led to a decrease in the anisotropy ratio between the longitudinal and radial directions.

• Klíčová slova
• Lamb waves, anisotropy, coating treatments, maple, spruce, varnish,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

1. Prochymosin (EC 3.4.23.4) and pepsinogen A (EC 3.4.23.1) from Mongolian lamb (Ovis platyurea) were purified to homogeneity by salt precipitation, gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. 2. Immunoelectrophoresis shows partial immunochemical identity between chymosins and pepsins from lamb and cattle, respectively. 2. Activity determinations, N-terminal amino acid sequences and amino acid compositions also show a close relationship between the proteinases from lamb and cattle. 4. Lamb prochymosin and pepsinogen are both glycosylated.

• MeSH
• chymosin metabolismus   MeSH
• glykosylace MeSH
• imunoelektroforéza MeSH
• molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
• ovce MeSH
• pepsinogeny metabolismus   MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• prekurzory enzymů metabolismus   MeSH
• sekvence aminokyselin MeSH
• skot MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• skot MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• chymosin MeSH
• pepsinogeny MeSH
• prekurzory enzymů MeSH
• prorennin MeSH Prohlížeč

The incidence of polyspermy in lamb oocytes matured and fertilized in vitro is very high and this results in a reduced developmental potential of embryos arising from them. We have attempted to produce oocytes more resistant to this fertilization anomaly. The oocytes from prepubertal lambs 7-12 weeks old were matured in a medium supplemented with various blood sera and oviductal fluid and fertilized in vitro. Significantly higher monospermic penetration was found in a medium supplemented with BSA--3 mg/ml (63.9%) and OF--20% concentration (55.8%). Lower monospermy was recorded in the presence of 10% LS (44.6%) or 10% SS (40.8%), and particularly in a medium with 10% FCS (26.9%). In contrast, high monospermy (78.7%) was observed in oocytes from adult donors matured and fertilized in an identical system. In another set of experiments we estimated whether polyspermy can be reduced by improvement of the cytoplasmic maturation of prepubertal oocytes using a two-step maturation protocol. After artificial arrest of the maturation for 24 h with a specific cdk inhibitor--BL-I, 50 miocroM--more than 80% oocytes from prepubertal and adult donors did not resume meiosis. When incubated thereafter in a drug-free medium for another 24 h, the oocytes of both categories progressed to MII in the rate comparable with control (80% to 90% MII). However, after fertilization no significant differences in the level of monospermic penetration was recorded between the arrested group (59.8%) and control (58.8%), both matured in the presence BSA, and 46.6% and 52.3% after treatment with OF. Also, no significant difference was observed between the arrested and control oocytes from adult donors (72.6% and 84.8%, respectively). These results suggest that high polyspermy in prepubertal oocytes is caused by developmental imperfection and can't be fully eliminated either by modifying the composition of culture media or by prolongation of the culture interval.

• MeSH
• buněčná diferenciace účinky léků   fyziologie   MeSH
• buněčný cyklus účinky léků   fyziologie   MeSH
• cyklin-dependentní kinasy antagonisté a inhibitory   MeSH
• fertilizace in vitro metody   MeSH
• inhibitory enzymů farmakologie   MeSH
• interakce spermie a vajíčka účinky léků   fyziologie   MeSH
• krevní proteiny metabolismus   farmakologie   MeSH
• kultivace embrya metody   MeSH
• kultivační média chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• meióza účinky léků   fyziologie   MeSH
• oocyty cytologie   účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• ovce * MeSH
• spermie účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• vejcovody u zvířat metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• cyklin-dependentní kinasy MeSH
• inhibitory enzymů MeSH
• krevní proteiny MeSH
• kultivační média MeSH

The lamB gene was inserted at with DNA fragments encoding N-terminal beta- and C-terminal alpha-domains of human metallothionein 1A (HMT1A). The hybrid LamB proteins were expressed as full-length products. Virtually whole pool of hybrid LamB proteins was found localized in the outer membrane of E. coli to and cells expressing LamB variants retained sensitivity to lambda phage, indicating their correct folding. Expression of hybrid LamB proteins increased natural ability of E. coli accumulate bivalent heavy metals ions with the highest efficiency observed for cadmium. The order of amount of cadmium accumulated is alpha-domain of HMT1A > HMT1A >> beta-domain of HMT1A. This correlates with affinity for cadmium and stability of metallothionein and its individual domains. This confirms suitability of LamB vehicle for surface display of various bioactive molecules and suggests possibility of engineering of cell surface for bioremediation of heavy metals.

• MeSH
• adsorpce MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• biodegradace MeSH
• buněčná membrána metabolismus   MeSH
• Escherichia coli genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• genetické inženýrství MeSH
• kadmium metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metalothionein chemie   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• proteiny - lokalizační signály * MeSH
• proteiny z Escherichia coli * MeSH
• rekombinantní DNA genetika   MeSH
• rekombinantní fúzní proteiny chemie   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• sekvence nukleotidů MeSH
• těžké kovy metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• bakteriální proteiny MeSH
• kadmium MeSH
• LamB signal peptide, E coli MeSH Prohlížeč
• metalothionein MeSH
• proteiny - lokalizační signály * MeSH
• proteiny z Escherichia coli * MeSH
• rekombinantní DNA MeSH
• rekombinantní fúzní proteiny MeSH
• těžké kovy MeSH

Consumers demand safe and nutritious foods at accessible prices; where issues associated with adulteration, fraud, and provenance have become important aspects to be considered by the modern food industry. There are many analytical techniques and methods available to determine food composition and quality, including food security. Among them, vibrational spectroscopy techniques are at the first line of defence (near and mid infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy). In this study, a portable near infrared (NIR) instrument was evaluated to identify different levels of adulteration between binary mixtures of exotic and traditional meat species. Fresh meat cuts of lamb (Ovis aries), emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae), camel (Camelus dromedarius) and beef (Bos taurus) sourced from a commercial abattoir were used to make different binary mixtures (95 % %w/w, 90 % %w/w, 50 % %w/w, 10 % %w/w and 5 % %w/w) and analysed using a portable NIR instrument. The NIR spectra of the meat mixtures was analysed using principal component analysis (PCA), and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Two isosbestic points corresponding to absorbances at 1028 nm and 1224 nm were found to be consistent across all the binary mixtures analysed. The coefficient of determination in cross validation (R2) obtained for the determination of the per cent of species in a binary mixture was above 90 % with a standard error in cross validation (SECV) ranging between 12.6 and 15 %w/w. Overall, the results of this study indicate that NIR spectroscopy can determine the level or ratio of adulteration in the binary mixtures of minced meat.

• Klíčová slova
• Beef, Camel, Emu, Lamb, Meat, Mixtures, Near infrared,
• MeSH
• blízká infračervená spektroskopie metody   MeSH
• chemometrika MeSH
• Dromaiidae * MeSH
• kontaminace potravin analýza   MeSH
• metoda nejmenších čtverců MeSH
• ovce domácí * MeSH
• ovce MeSH
• skot MeSH
• velbloudi MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• skot MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• dietní tuky aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• fortifikované potraviny MeSH
• krmivo pro zvířata * MeSH
• kyseliny fosfatidové aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• ovce fyziologie   MeSH
• prasata fyziologie   MeSH
• přijímání potravy MeSH
• tělesná hmotnost MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• dietní tuky MeSH
• kyseliny fosfatidové MeSH

Physico-chemical and sensory characteristics of lamb meat were evaluated in crossbred ram lambs from Merino ewes and Oxford Down, Texel, Charollais, Suffolk and Merinolandschaf sires. The lambs were slaughtered at average age 119.2 days, live weight 34.6 kg and carcass weight 16.3 kg. Samples of M. longissimus lumborum et thoracis were used for measurements of pH values, electrical conductivity (EC), drip loss, contents of dry matter (DM), protein, intramuscular fat (IMF), ash, and hydroxyproline and for sensory analysis. The breed of sire significantly affected pH24 and 48 h postmortem, EC 24 h postmortem, protein content and juiciness (P<0.05). Significant negative correlations between pH48 and DM (-0.255) and pH48 and IMF (-0.258) were found (P<0.05). A significant positive correlation between EC48 and drip loss (0.366) was observed (P<0.05). Progeny of Charollais sires had meat of better quality than the others; the highest content of protein and IMF, the lowest drip loss and the best juiciness and texture.

• Klíčová slova
• Electrical conductivity, Intramuscular fat, Sensory properties, Sheep, pH,
• MeSH
• chemické jevy MeSH
• chuť fyziologie   MeSH
• dietní proteiny analýza   MeSH
• hybridizace genetická MeSH
• koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
• kvalita jídla MeSH
• maso analýza   MeSH
• odoranty analýza   MeSH
• ovce domácí MeSH
• tělesná hmotnost MeSH
• teplota MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• dietní proteiny MeSH

• MeSH
• chov MeSH
• dietní tuky aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• krmivo pro zvířata * MeSH
• kyseliny fosfatidové aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• ovce fyziologie   MeSH
• tělesná hmotnost MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• dietní tuky MeSH
• kyseliny fosfatidové MeSH

The aim of the present study was to compare the chemical composition and fatty acid (FA) content of the muscle tissues of lambs and adult sheep bred for meat production. Throughout the research period, the animals were managed in a confinement indoor system under uniform environmental conditions. After slaughter, meat samples collected from the musculus biceps femoris were used to determine the basic chemical composition and fatty acid content in the intramuscular fat. The analyses showed that, compared to lambs, meat from adult animals exhibited a more beneficial ratio of n-6 to n-3 FAs, as well as a favorable percentage of OFAs (dietary fatty acids having an undesirable hypercholesterolemic effect on humans). The results of this study support the inclusion of dietitian-recommended mutton into the human diet and the promotion of the production of meat from adult animals as a high-value product. The sheep industry could benefit economically, particularly in countries where this meat type has not enjoyed a high standing in consumer preferences.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The aim was to evaluate the effects of crossbreeding Romanov (RO) ewes with Suffolk (SF) and Charollais (CH) sires on the chemicophysical characteristics and FA profile of the Quadriceps femoris muscle (QFM) in lambs fattened under organic conditions. The experimental animals were male lamb twins of two different crossbreds; CH 50 RO 50 and SF 50 RO 50. Lambs were slaughtered at an average live weight of 31kg. CH 50 RO 50 displayed higher contents of dry matter and intramuscular fat of the QFM. A lower pH value of CH 50 RO 50 was reflected in an increase of WHC. Meat of SF 50 RO 50 lambs had more lightness (L*) and yellowness (b*). The CH 50 RO 50 genotype showed a significantly higher proportion of C18:3n-3cis and n-3 PUFA than the SF 50 RO 50 genotype. The genotype also affected the Δ(9)-desaturase (16) index.

• MeSH
• barva MeSH
• biozemědělství MeSH
• chemické jevy * MeSH
• desaturasy mastných kyselin analýza   MeSH
• druhová specificita MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• hybridizace genetická * MeSH
• koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
• kosterní svaly chemie   MeSH
• kyseliny mastné omega-3 analýza   MeSH
• maso analýza   MeSH
• ovce MeSH
• složení těla MeSH
• stearyl-CoA-desaturasa MeSH
• tělesná hmotnost MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• delta-9 fatty acid desaturase MeSH Prohlížeč
• desaturasy mastných kyselin MeSH
• kyseliny mastné omega-3 MeSH
• stearyl-CoA-desaturasa MeSH