Intravenous administration of lentil lectin is more efficient in the induction of transplantation tolerance to mouse skin allograft than intraperitoneal or subcutaneous administration. 131I-labelled LCA is eliminated relatively rapidly from the mouse body after i.v. injection (approximately 80% of a 1 mg dose eliminated after 48 h); LCA administered i.p. or s.c. is eliminated 2-3 times more slowly. The rate of elimination of LCA administered i.v. is only slightly lower than that of bovine serum albumin. Tolerogenic treatment by multiple i.p. or i.p. + i.v. doses of LCA only elicited a relatively low level of anti-LCA antibodies in the sera of recipients. Both LCA and BSA were distributed relatively homogeneously throughout the body but increased amounts of LCA were accumulated in the spleen, lymph nodes and lung.

• MeSH
• imunologická tolerance účinky léků   MeSH
• inbrední kmeny myší MeSH
• lektiny aplikace a dávkování   imunologie   farmakologie   MeSH
• myši MeSH
• přežívání štěpu účinky léků   MeSH
• protilátky analýza   MeSH
• rostlinné lektiny * MeSH
• sérový albumin hovězí farmakologie   MeSH
• tkáňová distribuce MeSH
• transplantace kůže MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• lektiny MeSH
• lentil lectin MeSH Prohlížeč
• protilátky MeSH
• rostlinné lektiny * MeSH
• sérový albumin hovězí MeSH

The imidazolinone group of herbicides generally work for controlling weeds by limiting the synthesis of the aceto-hydroxy-acid enzyme, which is linked to the biosynthesis of branched-chain amino acids in plant cells. The herbicide imazethapyr is from the class and the active ingredient of this herbicide is the same as other herbicides Contour, Hammer, Overtop, Passport, Pivot, Pursuit, Pursuit Plus, and Resolve. It is commonly used for controlling weeds in soybeans, alfalfa hay, corn, rice, peanuts, etc. Generally, the herbicide imazethapyr is safe and non-toxic for target crops and environmentally friendly when it is used at low concentration levels. Even though crops are extremely susceptible to herbicide treatment at the seedling stage, there have been no observations of its higher dose on lentils (Lens culinaris Medik.) at that stage. The current study reports the consequence of imazethapyr treatment on phenolic acid and flavonoid contents along with the antioxidant activity of the phenolic extract. Imazethapyr treatment significantly increased the activities of several antioxidant enzymes, including phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), phenol oxidase (POD), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione-s-transferase (GST), in lentil seedlings at doses of 0 RFD, 0.5 RFD, 1 RFD, 1.25 RFD, 1.5 RFD, and 2 RFD. Application of imazethapyr resulted in the 3.2 to 26.31 and 4.57-27.85% increase in mean phenolic acid and flavonoid content, respectively, over control. However, the consequent fold increase in mean antioxidant activity under 2, 2- diphenylpicrylhdrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay system was in the range of 1.17-1.85 and 1.47-2.03%. Mean PAL and POD activities increased by 1.63 to 3.66 and 1.71 to 3.35-fold, respectively, in agreement with the rise in phenolic compounds, indicating that these enzyme's activities were modulated in response to herbicide treatment. Following herbicide treatments, the mean thiol content also increased significantly in corroboration with the enhancement in GR activity in a dose-dependent approach. A similar increase in GST activity was also observed with increasing herbicide dose.

• Klíčová slova
• Antioxidants, Herbicide, Imazethapyr, Lentil, Phenolic acid, Seedlings,
• MeSH
• antioxidancia MeSH
• čočka * MeSH
• fenol MeSH
• fenoly MeSH
• flavonoidy MeSH
• glutathion MeSH
• herbicidy * farmakologie   MeSH
• semenáček MeSH
• zemědělské plodiny MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antioxidancia MeSH
• fenol MeSH
• fenoly MeSH
• flavonoidy MeSH
• glutathion MeSH
• herbicidy * MeSH
• imazethapyr MeSH Prohlížeč
• phenolic acid MeSH Prohlížeč

Nanotechnology offers new opportunities for the development of novel materials and strategies that improve technology and industry. This applies especially to agriculture, and our previous field studies have indicated that zinc oxide nanoparticles provide promising nano-fertilizer dispersion in sustainable agriculture. However, little is known about the precise ZnO-NP effects on legumes. Herein, 1 mg·L-1 ZnO-NP spray was dispersed on lentil plants to establish the direct NP effects on lentil production, seed nutritional quality, and stress response under field conditions. Although ZnO-NP exposure positively affected yield, thousand-seed weight and the number of pods per plant, there was no statistically significant difference in nutrient and anti-nutrient content in treated and untreated plant seeds. In contrast, the lentil water stress level was affected, and the stress response resulted in statistically significant changes in stomatal conductance, crop water stress index, and plant temperature. Foliar application of low ZnO-NP concentrations therefore proved promising in increasing crop production under field conditions, and this confirms ZnO-NP use as a viable strategy for sustainable agriculture.

• Klíčová slova
• essential and beneficial nutrients, foliar application, lentil seeds, nano-fertilizers, physiological indexes, zinc oxide nanoparticles,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Drought is one of the major abiotic stresses limiting lentil productivity in rainfed production systems. Specific rooting patterns can be associated with drought avoidance mechanisms that can be used in lentil breeding programs. In all, 252 co-dominant and dominant markers were used for Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) analysis on 132 lentil recombinant inbred lines based on greenhouse experiments for root and shoot traits during two seasons under progressive drought-stressed conditions. Eighteen QTLs controlling a total of 14 root and shoot traits were identified. A QTL-hotspot genomic region related to a number of root and shoot characteristics associated with drought tolerance such as dry root biomass, root surface area, lateral root number, dry shoot biomass and shoot length was identified. Interestingly, a QTL (QRSratioIX-2.30) related to root-shoot ratio, an important trait for drought avoidance, explaining the highest phenotypic variance of 27.6 and 28.9% for the two consecutive seasons, respectively, was detected. This QTL was closed to the co-dominant SNP marker TP6337 and also flanked by the two SNP TP518 and TP1280. An important QTL (QLRNIII-98.64) related to lateral root number was found close to TP3371 and flanked by TP5093 and TP6072 SNP markers. Also, a QTL (QSRLIV-61.63) associated with specific root length was identified close to TP1873 and flanked by F7XEM6b SRAP marker and TP1035 SNP marker. These two QTLs were detected in both seasons. Our results could be used for marker-assisted selection in lentil breeding programs targeting root and shoot characteristics conferring drought avoidance as an efficient alternative to slow and labor-intensive conventional breeding methods.

• Klíčová slova
• QTL, breeding, drought tolerance, ecophysiology, lentil, marker-assisted selection, plant,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis; Fol) is one of the major diseases of lentil worldwide. Two hundred and thirty-five isolates of the pathogen collected from 8 states of India showed substantial variations in morphological characters such as colony texture and pattern, pigmentation and growth rate. The isolates were grouped as slow (47 isolates), medium (118 isolates) and fast (70 isolates) growing. The macroconidia and microconidia (3.0-77.5 × 1.3-8.8 µm for macroconidia and 1.8-22.5 × 0.8-8.0 µm for microconidia for length × width) were variable in size and considering the morphological features, the populations were grouped into 12 categories. Seventy representative isolates based on their morphological variability and place of origin were selected for further study. A set of 10 differential genotypes was identified for virulence analysis and based on virulence patterns on these 10 genotypes, 70 Fol isolates were grouped into 7 races. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), universal rice primers (URPs), inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) and sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) were used for genetic diversity analysis. URPs, ISSR and SRAP markers gave 100% polymorphism while RAPD gave 98.9% polymorphism. The isolates were grouped into seven clusters at genetic similarities ranging from 21 to 80% using unweighted paired group method with arithmetic average analysis. The major clusters include the populations from northern and central regions of India in distinct groups. All these three markers proved suitable for diversity analysis, but their combined use was better to resolve the area specific grouping of the isolates. The sequences of rDNA ITS and TEF-1α genes of the representative isolates were analysed. Phylogenetic analysis of ITS region grouped the isolates into two major clades representing various races. In TEF-1α analysis, the isolates were grouped into two major clades with 28 isolates into one clade and 4 remaining isolates in another clade. The molecular groups partially correspond to the lentil growing regions of the isolates and races of the pathogen.

• Klíčová slova
• Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis, Lentil, Molecular markers, Phylogeny, Race profiling,
• MeSH
• biologická variabilita populace MeSH
• Cicer * MeSH
• čočka * genetika   MeSH
• DNA primery MeSH
• Fusarium * genetika   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• genetická variace MeSH
• nemoci rostlin MeSH
• ribozomální DNA MeSH
• technika náhodné amplifikace polymorfní DNA MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• DNA primery MeSH
• ribozomální DNA MeSH

The effect of lentil lectin on the survival of skin allografts was investigated in six rat strain combinations with different genetic disparities between the donors and recipients. LCA was administered i.p. (50 mg/kg) to the recipients daily, starting with the day of transplantation (day 0) until graft rejection, except that the doses on days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 were given i.v. (25 mg/kg). LCA treatment was more efficient in prolongation of skin graft survival time in congenic strain combinations differing in multiple non-RT1 antigens (RT1-compatible) than in those involving RT1 disparities.

• MeSH
• genetická variace MeSH
• histokompatibilní antigeny genetika   MeSH
• homologní transplantace MeSH
• imunologická tolerance účinky léků   MeSH
• inbrední kmeny potkanů genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• isoantigeny genetika   MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• kůže účinky léků   MeSH
• lektiny farmakologie   MeSH
• potkani inbrední BN genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• potkani inbrední LEW genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• přežívání štěpu účinky léků   MeSH
• rostlinné lektiny * MeSH
• transplantace kůže * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• histokompatibilní antigeny MeSH
• isoantigeny MeSH
• lektiny MeSH
• lentil lectin MeSH Prohlížeč
• rostlinné lektiny * MeSH

Seed dormancy is an adaptation that delays germination to prevent the start of this process during unsuitable conditions. It is crucial in wild species but its loss was selected during crop domestication to ensure a fast and uniform germination. Water uptake, or imbibition, is the first step of germination. In the Fabaceae family, seeds have physical dormancy, in which seed coats are impermeable to water. We used an interspecific cross between an elite lentil line (Lens culinaris) and a wild lentil (L. orientalis) to investigate the genetic basis of imbibition capacity through quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping and by using RNA from embryos and seed coats at different development stages, and phenotypic data of seed coat thickness (SCT) and proportion of imbibed seeds (PIS). Both characteristics were consistent throughout different years and locations, suggesting a hereditary component. QTL results suggest that they are each controlled by relatively few loci. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) within the QTL were considered candidate genes. Two glycosyl-hydrolase genes (a β-glucosidase and a β-galactosidase), which degrade complex polysaccharides in the cell wall, were found among the candidate genes, and one of them had a positive correlation (β-glucosidase) between gene expression and imbibition capacity, and the other gene (β-galactosidase) presented a negative correlation between gene expression and SCT.

• MeSH
• čočka * genetika   fyziologie   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• domestikace * MeSH
• fenotyp MeSH
• klíčení genetika   MeSH
• lokus kvantitativního znaku * MeSH
• regulace genové exprese u rostlin MeSH
• rostlinné proteiny genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• semena rostlinná * genetika   MeSH
• stanovení celkové genové exprese MeSH
• transkriptom MeSH
• vegetační klid * genetika   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• rostlinné proteiny MeSH

Improving crop plants using biotechnological implications is a promising and modern approach compared to traditional methods. High-temperature exposure to the reproductive stage induces flower abortion and declines grain filling performance, leading to smaller grain production and low yield in lentil and other legumes. Thus, cloning effective candidate genes and their implication in temperature stress tolerance in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) using biotechnological tools is highly demandable. The 12-oxophytodienoic acid reductases (OPRs) are flavin mononucleotide-dependent oxidoreductases with vital roles in plants. They are members of the old yellow enzyme (OYE) family. These enzymes are involved in the octadecanoid pathway, which contributes to jasmonic acid biosynthesis and is essential in plant stress responses. Lentil is one of the vital legume crops affected by the temperature fluctuations caused by global warming. Therefore, in this study, the LcOPR1 gene was successfully cloned and isolated from lentils using RT-PCR to evaluate its functional responses in lentil under heat stress. The bioinformatics analysis revealed that the full-length cDNA of LcOPR1 was 1303 bp, containing an 1134 bp open reading frames (ORFs), encoding 377 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 41.63 and a theoretical isoelectric point of 5.61. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that the deduced LcOPR1 possesses considerable homology with other plant 12-oxophytodienoic acid reductases (OPRs). Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that LcOPR1 has an evolutionary relationship with other OPRs in different plant species of subgroup I, containing enzymes that are not required for jasmonic acid biosynthesis. The expression analysis of LcOPR1 indicated that this gene is upregulated in response to the heat-stress condition and during recovery in lentil. This study finding might be helpful to plant breeders and biotechnologists in LcOPR1 engineering and/or plant breeding programs in revealing the biological functions of LcOPR1 in lentils and the possibility of enhancing heat stress tolerance by overexpressing LcOPR1 in lentil and other legume plants under high temperature.

• MeSH
• čočka * genetika   enzymologie   MeSH
• fylogeneze * MeSH
• klonování DNA * metody   MeSH
• oxidoreduktasy působící na CH-CH vazby MeSH
• oxidoreduktasy genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• oxylipiny metabolismus   MeSH
• reakce na tepelný šok genetika   MeSH
• regulace genové exprese u rostlin * genetika   MeSH
• rostlinné geny MeSH
• rostlinné proteiny genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• sekvence aminokyselin MeSH
• vysoká teplota MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• 12-oxophytodienoate reductase MeSH Prohlížeč
• oxidoreduktasy působící na CH-CH vazby MeSH
• oxidoreduktasy MeSH
• oxylipiny MeSH
• rostlinné proteiny MeSH

The effect of silica treatment (5 mg intravenously) on tumour growth was studied with regard to three types of immunosuppression induced by: lentil lectin (LCA), spleen cell extract (SE) (active enhancement), and alloantiserum (AAS) (passive enhancement). Two experimental tumours were used, which differ in their sensitivity to humoral antibodies. CBA mice were challenged with Sa 1 (A) tumours and BALB/c mice with EL-4 (C57BL/6) lymphomas. The results indicate that silica treatment caused a time-dependent promotion of tumour growth. In passive enhancement, tumour growth promotion by silica treatment was obtained in both tumour systems. When silica was given along with LCA or SE, the two combined treatments had no enhancing effect on Sa 1 targets and enhancing effects on EL-4. The different behaviour of the two graft-recipient combinations is discussed in the light of the inherent properties of both experimental tumours and of the donor-recipient relationships.

• MeSH
• antisérum * MeSH
• buněčné dělení účinky léků   MeSH
• experimentální sarkom imunologie   patologie   MeSH
• homologní transplantace MeSH
• imunosupresivní léčba MeSH
• inbrední kmeny myší MeSH
• lektiny imunologie   MeSH
• lymfom imunologie   patologie   MeSH
• myši MeSH
• oxid křemičitý farmakologie   MeSH
• rostlinné lektiny * MeSH
• slezina imunologie   MeSH
• tkáňové extrakty farmakologie   MeSH
• transplantace nádorů MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antisérum * MeSH
• lektiny MeSH
• lentil lectin MeSH Prohlížeč
• oxid křemičitý MeSH
• rostlinné lektiny * MeSH
• tkáňové extrakty MeSH

• MeSH
• cyklosporiny farmakologie   MeSH
• imunosupresivní léčba * MeSH
• inbrední kmeny myší MeSH
• isoprotilátky aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• lektiny farmakologie   MeSH
• monoklonální protilátky aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
• myši MeSH
• přežívání štěpu účinky léků   MeSH
• rostlinné lektiny * MeSH
• transplantace kůže imunologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• anti-Thy antibody MeSH Prohlížeč
• cyklosporiny MeSH
• isoprotilátky MeSH
• lektiny MeSH
• lentil lectin MeSH Prohlížeč
• monoklonální protilátky MeSH
• rostlinné lektiny * MeSH