OBJECTIVE: While circulating nucleosome levels are high in obese mouse models, it is unknown where these nucleosomes originate from and whether they are a marker of cardio-metabolic health in humans. Here, we aimed to determine whether an association exists between circulating nucleosomes and the risk of developing obesity, metabolic syndrome (MetS) and/or a dysfunctional cardiovascular performance. METHODS: We randomly selected 120 participants of the Kardiovize Brno 2030 study across three BMI strata: BMI 18-25, 25-30, and > 30. We assessed the association between circulating nucleosome levels and the risk of obesity, MetS, and poor cardiovascular health. We then cultured human neutrophils, adipocytes, and hepatoma cells to study nucleosome origins in a fat-rich environment. RESULTS: Circulating nucleosome levels positively correlated with BMI (R = 0.602, p < 0.05), fatty liver index (R = 0.622, p < 0.05), left ventricular mass (R = 0.457, p < 0.05), and associated with MetS (p < 0.001) and poor cardiovascular health (p < 0.001). Incubating neutrophils with 1-10 μM free fatty acids triggered nucleosome production without concomitant cell death. Nucleosomes were not produced during pre-adipocyte differentiation or upon incubation of hepatic cells with palmitic acid. CONCLUSIONS: Neutrophils are a bona fide source of circulating nucleosomes in an obesogenic environment and in overweight/obese patients. High nucleosome levels are associated with MetS and cardiovascular performance, and might represent novel candidate biomarkers for cardio-metabolic health.

• Klíčová slova
• Cardiovascular disease, Epigenetics, Liquid biopsy, Metabolic health, Nucleosome,
• MeSH
• buňky Hep G2 MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci etiologie   MeSH
• kultivované buňky MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metabolický syndrom krev   komplikace   MeSH
• nadváha krev   komplikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• neutrofily cytologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• nukleozomy metabolismus   MeSH
• obezita krev   komplikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• tukové buňky cytologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• nukleozomy MeSH

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Obesity devoid of metabolic abnormalities is known as metabolically healthy obesity (MHO). The aim of the study was to examine determinants of MHO during adolescence. METHODS AND RESULTS: From among 710 obese adolescents, 43 girls and 57 boys were classified as metabolically unhealthy (abdominal obesity and ≥2 risk components of metabolic syndrome). MHO (absence of any cardiometabolic risk factor) was found in 211 girls and 131 boys (regardless of waist circumference) and in 33 girls and 27 boys (without abdominal obesity). Laboratory and anthropometric parameters, dietary records and various lifestyle factors were compared between MHO vs. those unhealthy. The prevalence of MHO regardless of waist circumference was higher in girls than in boys (53.1 vs. 41.9%) but comparable when abdominal obesity was excluded (8.3 vs. 8.6%). Anthropometric variables, levels of gamma-glutamyl transferase, total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in both genders, hs-C-reactive protein in girls and alanine aminotransferase in boys differentiated the two metabolic phenotypes. Uric acid was related to metabolic health only in the analysis of MHO without abdominal obesity. Total hours of sleep, bedtime, time of the last daily meal, regular meal consumption and protein intake in boys and screen time, the score of disinhibition and diet composition in girls were found to impact cardiometabolic health. CONCLUSIONS: In obese adolescents, metabolic health was related to anthropometric and biochemical parameters and only weak associations were found with most of the lifestyle factors studied. Uric acid concentration associated with metabolic health when abdominal obesity was excluded.

• Klíčová slova
• Adolescents, Determinants of metabolic health, Lifestyle factors, Metabolic syndrome, Metabolically healthy obesity,
• MeSH
• abdominální obezita krev   diagnóza   epidemiologie   MeSH
• alanintransaminasa krev   MeSH
• biologické markery krev   MeSH
• C-reaktivní protein analýza   MeSH
• dieta * škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• fenotyp MeSH
• gama-glutamyltransferasa krev   MeSH
• jídla MeSH
• kyselina močová krev   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metabolický syndrom krev   diagnóza   epidemiologie   MeSH
• metabolicky zdravá obezita krev   diagnóza   epidemiologie   MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• obezita dětí a dospívajících krev   diagnóza   epidemiologie   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• spánek MeSH
• zdravá strava MeSH
• životní styl * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH
• Názvy látek
• alanintransaminasa MeSH
• biologické markery MeSH
• C-reaktivní protein MeSH
• gama-glutamyltransferasa MeSH
• gamma-glutamyltransferase, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• kyselina močová MeSH

Autophagy is the basic catabolic mechanism that involves degradation of dysfunctional cellular components through the action of lysosome as well as supplying energy and compounds for the synthesis of essential biomacromolecules. This process enables cells to survive stress from the external environment like nutrient deprivation. Autophagy is important in the breakdown of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids as well. Furthermore, recent studies have shown that autophagy is critical in wide range of normal human physiological processes, and defective autophagy is associated with diverse diseases, including lysosomal storage disease, myopathies, neurodegeneration and various metabolic disorders. This review summarizes the most up-to-date findings on what role autophagy plays in metabolism.

• MeSH
• autofagie fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metabolismus fyziologie   MeSH
• nemoc * MeSH
• stárnutí fyziologie   MeSH
• zdraví * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

AIM: The aim of this study was to examine the influence of healthy behaviours, lifestyle patterns and sociodemographic factors on risk of the metabolic syndrome (MS) in adult residents of rural, small town and large urban areas in Poland. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cross-sectional analysis of randomly selected representative sample of 1,187 men and women aged 20-74 years participating in the nationwide health survey WOBASZ. Metabolic syndrome was defined by AHA/NCEP criteria (2005). Analysed healthy behaviours included nonsmoking, healthy weight, adequate fruits and vegetables consumption, regular leisure-time physical activity. The 4 lifestyle factors were summed to create a lifestyle index (range 0-4). RESULTS: Regardless of gender healthy weight, adequate fruits and vegetables consumption and physical activity were associated with lower odds of MS. Non-smoking was significantly related to the lower odds ratio of MS only among men. Following all 4 lifestyle factors was the strongest protective factor against having MS. Being higher educated, in the 20- 34-years-old cohort, living in the rural area were the most important sociodemographic factors reducing risk of MS. CONCLUSIONS: The obtained results support the need for effective promotion of healthy behaviors and lifestyle patterns, especially in demonstrated high-risk sub-populations. Due to important differences in metabolic risk between various sociodemographic groups, health promotion interventions should be specific in respect to the targeted subpopulations.

• MeSH
• chování snižující riziko * MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metabolický syndrom epidemiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• odds ratio MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• riziko MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• volnočasové aktivity * MeSH
• zdravé chování * MeSH
• zdravotnické přehledy * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Polsko epidemiologie   MeSH

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine the metabolic syndrome (MS) prevalence in a sample of adolescents, to calculate their continuous metabolic syndrome scores, and to determine the associations of continuous metabolic syndrome score with overweight/obesity and selected cardiometabolic and lifestyle factors. METHODS: We enrolled a sample of 2,590 adolescents (1,180 males, mean age 17.1 ± 1.04 years) from 14 grammar schools and 48 secondary schools in the Bratislava Self-Governing Region, Slovakia. Data were collected from a standard anthropometric examination, biochemical analysis of fasting venous blood, blood pressure measurement, physical fitness assessment, and a comprehensive questionnaire focused on selected lifestyle characteristics. Continuous metabolic syndrome score and paediatric simple metabolic syndrome scores were calculated. RESULTS: The criteria for the MS diagnosis according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) guidelines for children and adolescents were fulfilled in the whole sample by 38 (1.4%) adolescents; all were classified as overweight/obese. In the obese subgroup (n = 270), the MS prevalence rose to 13.3%. The largest number of adolescents was in the group without any of the MS components (67.5%). In the groups with 1, 2 or 3 MS components, males predominated; 0.6% of males and no females had 4 components of MS. The increasing number of individual components of MS is accompanied by a continuous increase (in the case of HDL-cholesterol - a decrease) of mean values mostly of blood lipid levels. Mean values of blood pressure (BP) and anthropometric parameters were highest in the group with three MS components. Significant correlations with body fat content or with selected lifestyle factors were not found. Using the continuous MS score calculation we found 31 adolescents, of whom 14 (45.2%) had only 1 or at most 2 MS components, i.e., they did not meet the criteria for the MS diagnosis. CONCLUSION: From the point of view of atherosclerosis prevention and early intervention, it is extremely important to monitor the MS prevalence in children and adolescents, especially in the current obesity pandemic. The paediatric MS score calculation is simple and accurate, allowing assessment of the severity of cardiometabolic risk in individuals even before the diagnosis of MS. The continuous MS score is useful in identifying individuals at increased risk and in the management of preventive health care for children and youth.

• Klíčová slova
• adolescent, cardiometabolic risk, continuous metabolic syndrome score, lifestyle factors, metabolic syndrome,
• MeSH
• antropometrie MeSH
• hodnocení rizik metody   MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci epidemiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metabolický syndrom * epidemiologie   MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• nadváha epidemiologie   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• rizikové faktory kardiovaskulárních chorob MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• životní styl MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovenská republika epidemiologie   MeSH

Immune cells are highly dynamic in their response to the tissue environment. Most immune cells rapidly change their metabolic profile to obtain sufficient energy to engage in defensive or homeostatic processes. Such "immunometabolism" is governed through intermediate metabolites, and has a vital role in regulating immune-cell function. The underlying metabolic reactions are shaped by the abundance and accessibility of specific nutrients, as well as the overall metabolic status of the host. Here, we discuss how different immune-cell types gain a sufficient energy supply. We then explain how immune cells perform various functions under challenged conditions and expend energy to sustain homeostasis. Finally, we speculate on how the immune-cell metabolic profile might be modulated in health and disease, by manipulating nutrient availability. By such intervention, the recovery of patient with dysregulated immune system responses might be sped up and the fitness of an individual efficiently restored.

• Klíčová slova
• energy demand, immune-cell polarization, immunometabolism, nutrient availability,
• MeSH
• buněčná diferenciace MeSH
• energetický metabolismus * MeSH
• imunita * MeSH
• imunitní systém MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metabolické sítě a dráhy MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

OBJECTIVE: Metabolic syndrome is a combination of clinical risk factors for cardiovascular disease as well as for diabetes. Metabolic syndrome arises from insulin resistance accompanied with abnormal adipose deposition. The aim of our cross-sectional time trends study was to characterize the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its five risk determinants among the clients of Health Advice Centres of Regional Public Health Authorities in Slovakia. The study was stratified by gender and age groups during the 10 year period from 2003–2012. METHODS: Prevalence data were estimated in adults and children (≥10 years, N=79,904) from the nationwide electronic database of Health Advice Centres of Regional Public Health Authorities in Slovak Republic "Test of healthy heart" from 2003 to 2012. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 30.2% in males and 26.6% in females, abdominal obesity was confirmed in 48.3% of males and 53.9% of females. Increased triglyceride level has higher prevalence among males (33.3%) compared to females (24.2%). Blood pressure (BP) values and fasting glucose values were significantly higher in males (58.2%) than females (41.9%). During the 10 year period from 2003 to 2012, we confirmed an increased trend in the age-adjusted prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Abdominal obesity and elevated triglycerides had also increased time trends prevalence in both sexes. The prevalence of people without risk determinants of metabolic syndrome had a time decreasing trend. A surprising finding is a decrease in the proportion of persons with suboptimal HDL-cholesterol. The proportion of people with elevated BP and glucose showed little change during the reporting period. CONCLUSION: The increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome, abdominal obesity, and elevated triglycerides highlights the urgency of addressing these health problems as a healthcare priority to reduce cardiovascular mortality in the Slovak Republic.

• Klíčová slova
• metabolic syndrome, Slovak Republic, abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperglycemia, hypertension, HDL-cholesterol,
• MeSH
• abdominální obezita krev   epidemiologie   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• krevní tlak MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metabolický syndrom krev   epidemiologie   MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• sexuální faktory MeSH
• triglyceridy krev   MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovenská republika epidemiologie   MeSH
• Názvy látek
• triglyceridy MeSH

BACKGROUND: Obesity has tremendous impact on the health systems. Its epigenetic bases are unclear. MacroH2A1 is a variant of histone H2A, present in two alternatively exon-spliced isoforms macroH2A1.1 and macroH2A1.2, regulating cell plasticity and proliferation, during pluripotency and tumorigenesis. Their role in adipose tissue plasticity is unknown. RESULTS: Here, we show evidence that macroH2A1.1 protein levels in the visceral adipose tissue of obese humans positively correlate with BMI, while macroH2A1.2 is nearly absent. We thus introduced a constitutive GFP-tagged transgene for macroH2A1.2 in mice, and we characterized their metabolic health upon being fed a standard chow diet or a high fat diet. Despite unchanged food intake, these mice exhibit lower adipose mass and improved glucose metabolism both under a chow and an obesogenic diet. In the latter regimen, transgenic mice display smaller pancreatic islets and significantly less inflammation. MacroH2A1.2 overexpression in the mouse adipose tissue induced dramatic changes in the transcript levels of key adipogenic genes; genomic analyses comparing pre-adipocytes to mature adipocytes uncovered only minor changes in macroH2A1.2 genomic distribution upon adipogenic differentiation and suggested differential cooperation with transcription factors. MacroH2A1.2 overexpression markedly inhibited adipogenesis, while overexpression of macroH2A1.1 had opposite effects. CONCLUSIONS: MacroH2A1.2 is an unprecedented chromatin component powerfully promoting metabolic health by modulating anti-adipogenic transcriptional networks in the differentiating adipose tissue. Strategies aiming at enhancing macroH2A1.2 expression might counteract excessive adiposity in humans.

• Klíčová slova
• Adipose tissue, Histone variants, Obesity, macroh2a1.2,
• MeSH
• adipogeneze MeSH
• buněčná diferenciace MeSH
• buněčné linie MeSH
• dieta s vysokým obsahem tuků MeSH
• fenotyp MeSH
• glukózový toleranční test MeSH
• histony genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• inhibitor p21 cyklin-dependentní kinasy genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• inzulin metabolismus   MeSH
• játra patologie   MeSH
• kůže patologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metabolické inženýrství MeSH
• myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
• myši transgenní MeSH
• myši MeSH
• pankreas patologie   MeSH
• tuková tkáň cytologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• uncoupling protein 1 genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• histony MeSH
• inhibitor p21 cyklin-dependentní kinasy MeSH
• inzulin MeSH
• macroH2A histone MeSH Prohlížeč
• uncoupling protein 1 MeSH

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous disorder, where the main clinical features include menstrual irregularities, sub-fertility, hyperandrogenism, and hirsutism. The prevalence of PCOS depends on ethnicity, environmental and genetic factors, as well as the criteria used to define it. On the other hand, metabolic syndrome is a constellation of metabolic disorders which include mainly abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, impaired glucose metabolism, hypertension and dyslipidaemia. These associated disorders directly increase the risk of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DMT2), coronary heart disease (CHD), cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and endometrial cancer. Many patients with PCOS have features of metabolic syndrome such as visceral obesity, hyperinsulinaemia and insulin resistance. These place patients with PCOS under high risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD), Type 2 diabetes (DMT2) and gynecological cancer, in particular, endometrial cancer. Metabolic syndrome is also increased in infertile women with PCOS. The aim of this review is to provide clear and up to date information about PCOS and its relationship with metabolic syndrome, and the possible interaction between different metabolic disorders.

• Klíčová slova
• hypertension., insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, polycystic ovary syndrome,
• MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 2. typu MeSH
• hyperandrogenismus MeSH
• infertilita MeSH
• inzulinová rezistence MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metabolický syndrom epidemiologie   MeSH
• nádory ženských pohlavních orgánů MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• syndrom polycystických ovarií komplikace   epidemiologie   MeSH
• ženská infertilita MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Several corresponding regions of human and mammalian genomes have been shown to affect sensitivity to the manifestation of metabolic syndrome via nutrigenetic interactions. In this study, we assessed the effect of sucrose administration in a newly established congenic strain BN.SHR20, in which a limited segment of rat chromosome 20 from a metabolic syndrome model, spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR), was introgressed into Brown Norway (BN) genomic background. We mapped the extent of the differential segment and compared the genomic sequences of BN vs. SHR within the segment in silico. The differential segment of SHR origin in BN.SHR20 spans about 9 Mb of the telomeric portion of the short arm of chromosome 20. We identified non-synonymous mutations e.g., in ApoM, Notch4, Slc39a7, Smim29 genes and other variations in or near genes associated with metabolic syndrome in human genome-wide association studies. Male rats of BN and BN.SHR20 strains were fed a standard diet for 18 weeks (control groups) or 16 weeks of standard diet followed by 14 days of high-sucrose diet (HSD). We assessed the morphometric and metabolic profiles of all groups. Adiposity significantly increased only in BN.SHR20 after HSD. Fasting glycemia and the glucose levels during the oral glucose tolerance test were higher in BN.SHR20 than in BN groups, while insulin levels were comparable. The fasting levels of triacylglycerols were the highest in sucrose-fed BN.SHR20, both compared to the sucrose-fed BN and the control BN.SHR20. The non-esterified fatty acids and total cholesterol concentrations were higher in BN.SHR20 compared to their respective BN groups, and the HSD elicited an increase in non-esterified fatty acids only in BN.SHR20. In a new genetically defined model, we have isolated a limited genomic region involved in nutrigenetic sensitization to sucrose-induced metabolic disturbances.

• Klíčová slova
• animal model, congenic rat, metabolic syndrome, nutrigenetics,
• MeSH
• apolipoproteiny M genetika   MeSH
• celogenomová asociační studie MeSH
• hypertenze * metabolismus   MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lidské chromozomy, pár 20 metabolismus   MeSH
• mastné kyseliny MeSH
• metabolický syndrom * genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• nutrigenomika MeSH
• omezení příjmu potravy MeSH
• potkani inbrední BN MeSH
• potkani inbrední SHR MeSH
• proteiny přenášející kationty * genetika   MeSH
• sacharosa škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• savci genetika   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• apolipoproteiny M MeSH
• Apom protein, rat MeSH Prohlížeč
• mastné kyseliny MeSH
• proteiny přenášející kationty * MeSH
• sacharosa MeSH
• SLC39A7 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč