BACKGROUND: Nutrition, diet, and fitness are among the most searched health topics by internet users. Besides that, health-related internet users are diverse in their motivations and individual characteristics. However, little is known about the individual characteristics associated with the usage of nutrition, weight loss, and fitness websites. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the individual factors associated with the usage of nutrition, weight loss, and fitness websites. METHODS: An invitation to an online survey was published on 65 websites and discussion forums. In total, we employed data from 623 participants (aged 13 to 39 years, mean 24.11 [SD 5.26]). The measures included frequency of usage of nutrition, weight loss and fitness websites, excessive exercise, eating disorder symptomatology, internalization of the beauty ideal, weight status, and perceived online social support. Participants' data were used as predictors in a base linear regression model. RESULTS: The final model had an acceptable fit (χ210 =14.1; P=.17; root mean square error of approximation=0.03; comparative fit index=0.99; Tucker-Lewis index=0.99). Positive associations were found between usage of (1) nutrition websites and being female, higher levels of excessive exercise, and perceived online social support; (2) weight loss websites and excessive exercise, internalization, being female, eating disorder symptomatology, and being overweight or obese; and (3) fitness websites and levels of excessive exercise, internalization, and frequency of internet use. CONCLUSIONS: The results highlighted the importance of individual differences in the usage of health-related websites.

• Klíčová slova
• body image, compulsive behavior, diet, feeding and eating disorders, individuality, internet, social support, user-computer interface, weight loss,
• MeSH
• cvičení fyziologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hmotnostní úbytek fyziologie   MeSH
• internet MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• nutriční stav fyziologie   MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• sociální opora * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

AIM: This study explored the views of an international sample of registered nurses and midwives working in health and social care concerning socially assistive robots (SARs), and the relationship between dimensions of culture and rejection of the idea that SARs had benefits in these settings. METHODS: An online survey was used to obtain rankings of (among other topics) the extent to which SARs have benefits for health and social care. It also asked for free text responses regarding any concerns about SARs. RESULTS: Most respondents were overwhelmingly positive about SARs' benefits. A small minority strongly rejected this idea, and qualitative analysis of the objections raised by them revealed three major themes: things might go wrong, depersonalization, and patient-related concerns. However, many participants who were highly accepting of the benefits of SARs expressed similar objections. Cultural dimensions of long-term orientation and uncertainty avoidance feature prominently in technology acceptance research. Therefore, the relationship between the proportion of respondents from each country who felt that SARs had no benefits and each country's ratings on long-term orientation and uncertainty avoidance were also examined. A significant positive correlation was found for long-term orientation, but not for uncertainty avoidance. CONCLUSION: Most respondents were positive about the benefits of SARs, and similar concerns about their use were expressed both by those who strongly accepted the idea that they had benefits and those who did not. Some evidence was found to suggest that cultural factors were related to rejecting the idea that SARs had benefits.

• Klíčová slova
• artificial intelligence, cultural dimensions, socially assistive robots, technology acceptance,
• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• robotika * metody   MeSH
• sociální opora MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: A pineal cyst is a benign affection of a pineal gland on the borderline between a pathological lesion and a variant of normality. Clinical management of patients with a pineal cyst remains controversial, especially when patients present with non-specific symptoms. METHODS: An online questionnaire consisting of 13 questions was completed by 110 neurosurgeons worldwide. Responses were entered into a database and subsequently analysed. RESULTS: Based on data from the questionnaire, the main indication criteria for pineal cyst resection are hydrocephalus (90 % of the respondents), Parinaud's syndrome (80 %) and growth of the cyst (68 %). Only 15 % of the respondents occasionally operate on patients with non-specific symptoms. If surgery is indicated, improvement is expected in 88 % of the patients. The vast majority of the respondents favour a supracerebellar infratentorial approach to the pineal region. Most (78 %) of the respondents regarded the patient registry as a potentially useful instrument. CONCLUSIONS: This survey sheds light on the current practice of pineal cyst management across the world. Most of the respondents perform surgery on pineal cysts only if patients are presenting with symptoms attributable to a mass effect. Surgery for patients with non-specific complaints (headache, vertigo) is not widely accepted, although it may prove effective. A prospective patient registry might be useful in the decision-making process in the clinical management of pineal cysts.

• Klíčová slova
• Headache, Management, Neurosurgery, Pineal cyst, Pineal gland,
• MeSH
• cysty centrálního nervového systému psychologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• epifýza mozková patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• lékařská praxe - způsoby provádění * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• management nemoci * MeSH
• neurochirurgické výkony metody   psychologie   MeSH
• neurochirurgové psychologie   MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• rozhodování MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of low back pain (LBP) and the use of lifting aids and ergonomics among Czech registered nurses. BACKGROUND: Low back pain is the most common occupational health problem affecting nurses. Frequent manual lifting of heavy loads, including patients, is one of the main duties of nursing staff, which causes compressive and shear forces on the vertebrae of the lower spine. Training in manual handling and lifting aids reduce the physical burden on the musculoskeletal system, thus decreasing work-related back injuries and further back problems. DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey. METHODS: The online survey was distributed to 1460 randomly selected nurses involved in caring for patients. The survey comprised the extended version of the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire and a self-structured questionnaire. Data were analysed using STATA 15 at a significance level of 0.05. RESULTS: Of the 569 respondents, 84.7% reported high occurrence of LBP over the previous 12-month period. The lower back was the most commonly reported body region for pain, followed by the neck, shoulders and upper back. LBP was found to occur significantly less among nursing staff who used mechanical lifting aids. Nurses with a higher level of education were found significantly more likely to use mechanical patient-lifting equipment in their clinical practice. CONCLUSIONS: The study findings show that LBP is a frequent problem among nurses and has highlighted a lack of organisational safety practices and culture in clinical nursing practice. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: This study provides valuable information about the extent of LBP among nurses with insufficient preventive measures or health and safety practices at work. The results provide useful baseline data for the Czech Republic, that may lead to increased awareness and therefore implementation of preventative strategies, and thus enable a reduction in the risk of back injuries among nursing professionals.

• Klíčová slova
• ergonomics, health risks, musculoskeletal, pain, registered nurses, survey,
• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lumbalgie * epidemiologie   MeSH
• nemoci z povolání * epidemiologie   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• zdravotní sestry * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

The aim of this study was to define the typical groups of users of psychedelics and alike psychoactive substances in Czechia regarding various variables such as demographics, their patterns of use, or motivation for use. Data from 890 Czech respondents were collected through an online questionnaire as a part of The National Psychedelic Research Project. Subjects reported experience with the use of 29 selected substances by answering 133 questions of the questionnaire. Cluster analysis based on answers on last year use was performed, and descriptive statistics was used for 18 questions from the questionnaire. Six groups of users were identified with distinguished users and demographic characteristics, namely, The most experienced; Pure smokers; Highly educated mild users; Past-time users with families; Responsible (party) students and Deep meaning natural substance users. Groups differ mainly in the type of substances used, frequency of use last year, and demographics. Our findings highlight several patterns typical for psychedelics and alike psychoactive substances use in Czechia in each of the groups and the need for targeted drug prevention services, the raise of public awareness regarding this topic, and a possible reevaluation of the legal status of some substances. Results can be useful for health-care providers, social workers, and policy-makers.

• Klíčová slova
• Drug use, online questionnaire, patterns of use, psychedelics, psychoactive substances, typology,
• MeSH
• halucinogeny * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• poruchy spojené s užíváním psychoaktivních látek * epidemiologie   MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• uživatelé drog * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH
• Názvy látek
• halucinogeny * MeSH

PURPOSE: In recent years, there has been much focus on compassion in nursing care, and concern has been raised in a number of reports and media stories regarding decreased compassion. The aim of this study was to explore similarities and differences in the understanding and demonstration of compassion in nursing practice across 15 countries. DESIGN: A total of 1,323 nurses from 15 countries responded to questions in relation to compassion, via an international online survey. RESULTS: The data revealed the impact of sociopolitical influences on perceptions of compassion, and the conscious and intentional nature of compassion. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The study demonstrated shared understandings of the importance of compassion as well as some common perceptions of the attributes of compassionate care. The differences reported were not as significant as had been expected. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Further research is needed to explore the country and culture differences in the enactment of compassion.

• Klíčová slova
• compassion, cultural competence, culture, transcultural nursing,
• MeSH
• empatie klasifikace   MeSH
• etnicita psychologie   MeSH
• internacionalita * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• percepce MeSH
• postoj zdravotnického personálu * MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• zdravotní sestry psychologie   normy   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

OBJECTIVE: To ascertain and explore the views of women and their partners, giving birth in the Czech Republic, of the level of respectful or disrespectful care provided during pregnancy and early labour. DESIGN: Ethical approval was granted for a descriptive, online anonymous survey of 65 questions, with quantitative and qualitative responses. SETTING: The Czech Republic.The survey was completed by 8,767 women and 69 partners in 2018. MEASUREMENTS AND FINDINGS: Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were used to present results. The majority of women were aged 26-35 years. Most had birthed in one of 93 hospitals, with 1.5% home births. Almost 40% never had an abdominal examination.in pregnancy. Quantitative data analysis revealed that less than half were given information on place of birth, or how to keep labour normal or non-interventionist. Almost 60% did not get information on positions for birth. Most (68%) commenced labour naturally, 25% had labour induced, 40% of them before term, and 7% had an elective caesarean section; 55% stated they had not been given any choice in the decision. Over half of those who had a membrane sweep said permission had not been sought. Half (54%) only had 'checking' visits from the midwife in labour. KEY CONCLUSIONS: Findings reveal a lack of information-giving, discussion and shared decision-making from healthcare professionals during pregnancy and early labour. Some practices were non-evidenced-based, and interventions were sometimes made without consent. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The examples of disrespectful care described in this study caused women distress during childbirth, which may result in an increased fear of childbirth or an increase in free-birthing.

• Klíčová slova
• Consent, Decision-making, Disrespect, Maternity care, Respect, Survey,
• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• porodní děj psychologie   MeSH
• postoj zdravotnického personálu MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• těhotné ženy psychologie   MeSH
• uznání * MeSH
• vedení porodu psychologie   MeSH
• vztahy mezi zdravotnickým pracovníkem a pacientem MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

BACKGROUND: Respectful maternity care includes treating women with dignity, consulting them about preferences, gaining consent for treatment, respecting their wishes, and giving care based on evidence, not routines. In the absence of any documented evidence, this study aimed to ascertain maternity care-givers' perceptions of respectful care provided for childbearing women in Czech Republic. METHODS: Following ethical approval, an online quantitative survey with qualitative comments was completed by 52 respondents recruited from workshops on promoting normal birth, followed by snowball sampling. The majority were midwives (50%) or doulas (46%) working in one of 51 hospitals, or with homebirths. Chi-square analysis was used for comparisons. RESULTS: Non-evidenced-based interventions, described as 'always' or 'frequently' used in hospitals, included application of electronic fetal monitoring in normal labour (n = 40, 91%), shaving the perineum (n = 10, 29%), and closed-glottal pushing (n = 32, 94%). Positions stated as most often used for spontaneous vaginal births were semi-recumbent (n = 31, 65%) or lying flat (n = 15, 31%) in hospital, and upright at home (n = 27, 100%). Average episiotomy and induction of labour rates were estimated at 40 and 26%, respectively, higher than accepted norms. Eighteen respondents (46%) said reasons for performing vaginal examinations were not explained to women in hospitals, and 21 (51%) said consent was 'never' sought. At home, 25 (89%) said reasons were explained, and permission 'always' sought (n = 22, 81%). Thirteen (32%) said hospital clinicians explained why artificial rupture of membranes was necessary, but only ten (25%) said they 'always' sought permission. The majority said that hospital clinicians 'never'/'almost never' explained reasons for performing an episiotomy (13 = 34%), gained permission (n = 20, 54%) or gave local anaesthetic (n = 19, 51%). Contrastingly, 17 (100%) said midwives at home explained the reasons for episiotomy and asked permission. When clinicians disagreed with women's decisions, 13 (35%) respondents said women might be told to 'face the consequences', six (16%) stated that the 'psychological pressure' experienced caused women to 'give up and give their permission', and four (11%) said the intervention would be performed 'against her will.' CONCLUSIONS: Findings reveal considerable levels of disrespectful, non-evidenced-based, non-consensual and abusive practices that may leave women with life-long trauma.

• Klíčová slova
• Abuse, Consent, Disrespectful care, Intervention, Labour, Maternity care, Obstetric violence, Respectful care,
• MeSH
• babictví MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kvalita zdravotní péče normy   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• medicína založená na důkazech MeSH
• postoj zdravotnického personálu * MeSH
• průzkumy zdravotní péče MeSH
• služby zdravotní péče o matku normy   MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• uznání * MeSH
• vedení porodu psychologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

AIM: To explore the views of an international sample of nursing and midwifery managers concerning attributes that they associate with compassionate management. METHOD: A cross-sectional online survey. Using a snowballing sampling method, 1217 responses were collected from nursing and midwifery managers in 17 countries. A total of complete 933 responses to a question related to which actions and behaviours indicated that a manager was exercising compassionate leadership were analysed for this paper. First, content analysis of the responses was conducted, and second, a relative distribution of the identified themes for the overall sample and for each participating country was calculated. RESULTS: Six main themes were identified describing the attributes of a compassionate leader: (1) Virtuous support, (2) Communication, (3) Personal virtues of the manager, (4) Participatory communication, (5) Growth/flourishing/ nurturing and (6) Team cohesion. The first three themes mentioned above collectively accounted for 63% of the responses, and can therefore be considered to be the most important characteristics of compassionate management behaviour. CONCLUSION: The key indicators of compassionate management in nursing and midwifery which were identified emphasise approachability, active and sensitive listening, sympathetic responses to staff members' difficulties (especially concerning child and other caring responsibilities), active support of and advocacy for the staff team and active problem solving and conflict resolution. While there were differences between the countries' views on compassionate healthcare management, some themes were widely represented among different countries' responses, which suggest key indicators of compassionate management that apply across cultures.

• Klíčová slova
• behaviour, clinical leadership, multi-professional,
• MeSH
• babictví * MeSH
• empatie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• vůdcovství * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

BACKGROUND: Acne is common among young people. OBJECTIVE: To describe the burden, management and sources of advice of acne in a representative sample of young people in Europe. METHODS: This cross-sectional survey was conducted in a representative sample of individuals aged 15-24 years from Belgium, Czech and Slovak Republics, France, Italy, Poland and Spain (n = 3099). RESULTS: Most individuals considered their acne (all severity stages) to be no/minor problem, although 29.7% considered it a major problem/burden. Over-the-counter (OTC) topical treatments were used more frequently than prescribed treatments. Acne was diagnosed by physicians in 47.6% of cases; other health professionals (nurses, pharmacists) or patients accounted for the remainder of diagnoses. Physicians were the source of acne information in just over one-quarter of cases (27.0%). The vast majority of advice was from friends/family and the Internet. CONCLUSION: Almost one-third of young people consider acne to be a major problem/burden. Fewer than half of acne diagnoses are made by a physician, and acne is often self-managed using OTC treatments.

• MeSH
• acne vulgaris diagnóza   farmakoterapie   epidemiologie   psychologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• internet MeSH
• léky bez předpisu terapeutické užití   MeSH
• léky na předpis terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• percepce * MeSH
• přátelé MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• rodina MeSH
• samoléčba MeSH
• vzdělávání pacientů jako téma metody   MeSH
• zdraví - znalosti, postoje, praxe * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa epidemiologie   MeSH
• Názvy látek
• léky bez předpisu MeSH
• léky na předpis MeSH