Additive manufacturing (3D printing) has significantly changed the prototyping process in terms of technology, construction, materials, and their multiphysical properties. Among the most popular 3D printing techniques is vat photopolymerization, in which ultraviolet (UV) light is deployed to form chains between molecules of liquid light-curable resin, crosslink them, and as a result, solidify the resin. In this manuscript, three photopolymerization technologies, namely, stereolithography (SLA), digital light processing (DLP), and continuous digital light processing (CDLP), are reviewed. Additionally, the after-cured mechanical properties of light-curable resin materials are listed, along with a number of case studies showing their applications in practice. The manuscript aims at providing an overview and future trend of the photopolymerization technology to inspire the readers to engage in further research in this field, especially regarding developing new materials and mathematical models for microrods and bionic structures.

• Klíčová slova
• CDLP, CLIP, DLP, SLA, vat photopolymerization,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Assisted reproduction is a quickly developing field of reproductive medicine whose importance is growing every year due to the increasing number of patients suffering from infertility. As a result, there is a need for the continuous development and/or improvement of assisted reproductive technologies. This paper presents a new method for the in vitro measurement of the amino acid turnover of developing embryos based on capillary electrophoresis with light-emitting diode-induced fluorescence detection. Amino acids were derivatized with naphthalene-2,3-dicarboxaldehyde/NaCN, and the resulting fluorescent derivatives were baseline resolved within 25 min in a background electrolyte comprised of 50 mM sodium tetraborate, 73 mM sodium dodecyl sulphate, 5 mM sodium deoxycholate and 2.5 mM (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin (pH ≈ 9.3). The migration time and the peak area repeatability (n = 10) were below 0.5 and 4.3%, respectively. The limits of detection ranged from 12.6 nM (histidine) to 39.3 nM (taurine). The developed method, which only requires 2 μL of raw sample, was successfully applied for determining the metabolic activity of human embryos exposed to different environmental stress conditions.

• Klíčová slova
• Amino acids, Capillary electrophoresis with light-emitting diode-induced fluorescence detection, Human embryo, Metabolic activity, Naphthalene-2,3-dicarboxaldehyde,
• MeSH
• aminokyseliny * analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• asistovaná reprodukce MeSH
• elektroforéza kapilární metody   MeSH
• embryo savčí metabolismus   MeSH
• fluorescenční spektrometrie metody   MeSH
• kultivační média analýza   chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• naftaleny chemie   MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• 2,3-naphthalenedicarboxaldehyde MeSH Prohlížeč
• aminokyseliny * MeSH
• kultivační média MeSH
• naftaleny MeSH

Photosystem II (PSII) uses solar energy to oxidize water and delivers electrons to fix CO2. Although the structure at atomic resolution and the basic photophysical and photochemical functions of PSII are well understood, many important questions remain. The activity of PSII in vitro and in vivo is routinely monitored by recording the induction kinetics of chlorophyll a fluorescence (ChlF). According to the 'mainstream' model, the rise from the minimum level (Fo) to the maximum (Fm) of ChlF of dark-adapted PSII reflects the closure of all functionally active reaction centers, and the Fv/Fm ratio is equated with the maximum photochemical quantum yield of PSII (where Fv=Fm-Fo). However, this model has never been free of controversies. Recent experimental data from a number of studies have confirmed that the first single-turnover saturating flash (STSF), which generates the closed state (PSIIC), produces F1

• Klíčová slova
• F v/Fm, Chlorophyll a fluorescence induction, QA-model, conformational changes, dielectric relaxation, electric field effects, light-adapted charge-separated state, photochemical quantum efficiency, photosystem II, purple bacterial reaction center,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The 3D imaging technologies have become of paramount importance for example in disciplines such as forensic anthropology and bioarchaeology, where they are being used more and more frequently. There are several new possibilities that they offer; for instance, the easier and faster sharing of data among institutions, the possibility of permanent documentation, or new opportunities of data analysis. An important requirement, however, is whether the data obtained from different scanning devices are comparable and whether the possible varying outputs could affect further analyses, such as the estimation of the biological profile. Therefore, we aimed to investigate two important questions: (1) whether 3D models acquired by two different scanning technologies (structured light and laser) are comparable and (2) whether the scanning equipment has an effect on the anthropological analyses, such as age-at-death estimation and sex assessment. 3D models of ossa coxa (n = 29) were acquired by laser (NextEngine) and structured light (HP 3D Structured Light Scanner PRO 2) scanners. The resulting 3D models from both scanners were subjected to age-at-death analyses (via the quantitative method of Stoyanova et al., 2017) and sex analyses (via Diagnose Sexuelle Probabiliste 2 of Brůžek et al., 2017). Furthermore, high quality scans of a small sample (n = 5) of pubic symphyseal surfaces with the RedLux Profiler device were acquired as reference surfaces to which the outputs from both scanners were compared. Small deviations between surfaces were more evident in more rugged surfaces (in areas of depression and protrusion). Even though small differences from the reference surfaces were found, they did not have a significant effect on the age and sex estimates. It never resulted in the opposite sex assignment, and no significant differences were observed between age estimates (with the exception of those with the TPS/BE model).

• Klíčová slova
• Age and sex estimation, Biological profile, Laser scanning, Os coxae, RedLux profiler, Structured light technology,
• MeSH
• lasery * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• odchylka pozorovatele MeSH
• pánevní kosti diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• počítačová simulace * MeSH
• regresní analýza MeSH
• soudní antropologie MeSH
• určení kostního věku * MeSH
• určení pohlaví podle kostry * MeSH
• zobrazování trojrozměrné * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

In this paper, the effect of light ion irradiation on graphene oxide foil structure and composition was studied. Due to the excellent properties of graphene based materials suitable for application in electronics, optoelectronics, micro-mechanics and space technologies, the interaction of energetic ions with graphene based structures is worth studying. From the fundamental point of view, it is also interesting to get information about graphene oxide structure modification and the possible functional properties after irradiation by energetic ions. The light ion irradiation of graphene oxide (GO) foil was performed using 2.5 MeV H+ and 5.1 MeV He2+ ions. The change in the elemental composition of the GO foils after ion irradiation was investigated using Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry and Elastic Recoil Detection Analysis. The influence of ion irradiation was further studied by microscopy methods. The chemical composition and structural changes of the GO foil surface were characterized by spectroscopy techniques including XPS, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy. Although the results of ion beam analysis indicated no significant compositional changes in the bulk of GO foils connected to ion irradiation, XPS, ATR-FTIR and Raman spectroscopy revealed reduction and removal of oxygen functionalities on the surface of graphene oxide. This reduction leads to a surface resistivity decrease after ion irradiation dependent on the ion species, fluence and energy.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Multispectral imaging is used in various applications including astronomy, industry and agriculture. In retinal imaging, the single-shot multispectral image stack is typically acquired and analyzed. This multispectral analysis can provide information on various structural or metabolic properties. This paper describes the multispectral improvement of a video-ophthalmoscope, which can acquire retinal video sequences of the optic nerve head and peripapillary area using various spectral light illumination. The description of the multispectral video imaging is provided and several applications are described. These applications include multispectral retinal photoplethysmography, visualization of spontaneous vein pulsation and multispectral RGB image generation.

• Klíčová slova
• fundus imaging, multispectral imaging, retinal photoplethysmography, tissue light attenuation, video-ophthalmoscopy,
• MeSH
• discus nervi optici * diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• oftalmoskopie metody   MeSH
• oftalmoskopy MeSH
• osvětlení * MeSH
• retina diagnostické zobrazování   fyziologie   MeSH
• technologie optických vláken MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Microplastics, which comprise one of the omnipresent threats to human health, are diverse in shape and composition. Their negative impacts on human and ecosystem health provide ample incentive to design and execute strategies to trap and degrade diversely structured microplastics, especially from water. This work demonstrates the fabrication of single-component TiO2 superstructured microrobots to photo-trap and photo-fragment microplastics. In a single reaction, rod-like microrobots diverse in shape and with multiple trapping sites, are fabricated to exploit the asymmetry of the microrobotic system advantageous for propulsion. The microrobots work synergistically to photo-catalytically trap and fragment microplastics in water in a coordinated fashion. Hence, a microrobotic model of "unity in diversity" is demonstrated here for the phototrapping and photofragmentation of microplastics. During light irradiation and subsequent photocatalysis, the surface morphology of microrobots transformed into porous flower-like networks that trap microplastics for subsequent degradation. This reconfigurable microrobotic technology represents a significant step forward in the efforts to degrade microplastics.

• Klíčová slova
• TiO2, micromotors, microplastics, microrobots, surface morphology,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

This work describes a novel method for converting bismuth triiodide (BiI3) microplates into bismuth oxyiodide (BiOI) nanoflakes under ultrasonic irradiation. To produce BiOI nanoflakes with a high yield and high purity, the conversion process was carefully adjusted. Rapid reaction kinetics and increased mass transfer are benefits of the ultrasonic-assisted approach that result in well-defined converted BiOI nanostructures with superior characteristics. The produced BiOI nanoflakes were examined utilizing a range of analytical methods, such as Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The progress in the ultrasonic conversion process with time was monitored through diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). The outcomes demonstrated the effective conversion of BiI3 microplates into crystalline, homogeneous, high-surface-area BiOI nanoflakes. Additionally, the degradation of organic dyes (methylene blue) under ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation was used to assess the photocatalytic efficacy of the produced BiOI nanoflakes. Because of their distinct morphology and electrical structure, the BiOI nanoflakes remarkably demonstrated remarkable photocatalytic activity, outperforming traditional photocatalysts. The ability of BiOI nanoflakes to effectively separate and utilize visible light photons makes them a viable option for environmental remediation applications. This work not only shows the promise of BiOI nanoflakes for sustainable photocatalytic applications but also demonstrates a simple and scalable approach to their manufacturing. The knowledge gathered from this work opens up new avenues for investigating ultrasonic-assisted techniques for creating sophisticated nanomaterials with customized characteristics for a range of technological uses.

• Klíčová slova
• bismuth oxyiodide, bismuth triiodide, methylene blue, photocatalytic, ultrasonic irradiation,
• MeSH
• bismut * chemie   MeSH
• difrakce rentgenového záření metody   MeSH
• fotochemické procesy MeSH
• jodidy chemie   MeSH
• katalýza MeSH
• methylenová modř chemie   MeSH
• nanostruktury * chemie   MeSH
• ultrafialové záření MeSH
• ultrazvuk metody   MeSH
• ultrazvukové vlny MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• bismut * MeSH
• bismuth oxychloride MeSH Prohlížeč
• jodidy MeSH
• methylenová modř MeSH

A novel pheophorbide derivative, trimethyl-152-[L-aspartyl]pheophorbide a was synthesised and investigated for anti-tumor activity. The prepared photosensitizer had good absorption in the phototherapeutic window and high ROS yields. It exhibited excellent phototoxicity higher than reference compound m-THPC when irradiated by 650 nm light in vitro, and obvious photodynamic anti-tumor effect in vivo. It causes cellular apoptosis or necrosis under laser irradiation and localizes in mitochondria, lysosome, and endoplasmic reticulum. The observed high efficacy was rationalized by efficient introduction into the blood by facile transfer through membranes, which is supported by molecular dynamics simulation studies. This work provides a new candidate photosensitizer for anti-cancer treatment.

• Klíčová slova
• cancer, keyword 5, molecular dynamics, pheophorbide, photodynamic therapy,
• MeSH
• apoptóza účinky léků   MeSH
• chlorofyl * analogy a deriváty   farmakologie   chemie   chemická syntéza   MeSH
• fotochemoterapie * MeSH
• fotosenzibilizující látky * farmakologie   chemie   chemická syntéza   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• molekulární struktura MeSH
• myši MeSH
• nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
• proliferace buněk účinky léků   MeSH
• protinádorové látky * farmakologie   chemie   chemická syntéza   MeSH
• reaktivní formy kyslíku metabolismus   MeSH
• screeningové testy protinádorových léčiv MeSH
• simulace molekulární dynamiky MeSH
• viabilita buněk účinky léků   MeSH
• vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
• vztahy mezi strukturou a aktivitou MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• chlorofyl * MeSH
• fotosenzibilizující látky * MeSH
• pheophorbide a MeSH Prohlížeč
• protinádorové látky * MeSH
• reaktivní formy kyslíku MeSH

The reaction center-light harvesting 1 (RC-LH1) complex converts solar energy into electrical energy, driving the initiation of photosynthesis. The authors present a cryo-electron microscopy structure of the RC-LH1 isolated from a marine photoheterotrophic bacterium Dinoroseobacter shibae. The RC comprises four subunits, including a three-heme cytochrome (Cyt) c protein, and is surrounded by a closed LH ring composed of 17 pairs of antenna subunits. Notably, a novel subunit with an N-terminal "helix-turn-helix" motif embedded in the gap between the RC and the LH ring is identified. The purified RC-LH1 complex exhibits high stability in solutions containing Mg2+ or Ca2+. The periplasmic Cyt c2 is predicted to bind at the junction between the Cyt subunit and the membrane plane, enabling electron transfer from Cyt c2 to the proximal heme of the tri-heme Cyt, and subsequently to the special pair of bacteriochlorophylls. These findings provide structural insights into the efficient energy and electron transfer processes within a distinct type of RC-LH1, and shed light on evolutionary adaptations of photosynthesis.

• Klíčová slova
• energy transfer, photoheterotrophic bacteria, photosynthesis, reaction center, structure,
• MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny metabolismus   chemie   MeSH
• elektronová kryomikroskopie metody   MeSH
• fotosyntéza fyziologie   MeSH
• hem metabolismus   chemie   MeSH
• světlosběrné proteinové komplexy * metabolismus   ultrastruktura   chemie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• bakteriální proteiny MeSH
• hem MeSH
• světlosběrné proteinové komplexy * MeSH