The influence of pumpkin seed roasting conditions (110-140 °C) and screw-pressing on the formation of previously undescribed Δ7-phytosterol oxidation products and tocopherylquinone adducts with nucleophilic phosphatidylethanolamine species was investigated. The roasting process of pumpkin seed paste at a temperature above 120 °C for 30 min considerably enhanced the formation of Δ7-oxysterols. Targeted analysis [electron impact mass spectrometry (MS), 1D-nuclear magnetic resonance] led to the identification of five novel markers of pumpkin paste roasting, among which (3β,5α,22E,24S)-stigmasta-7,22-dien-6-one-3-ol (6-oxo-α-spinasterol), stereoisomers of (3β,5α,22E)-7,8-epoxystigmast-22-en-3-ol (7,8-epoxy-α-spinasterol), and (3β,5α)-22,23-epoxystigmast-7-en-3-ol (7,8-epoxy-α-spinasterol) were reported in edible oils for the first time. Simulated culinary processing provided novel stereoisomers of (3β,5α,22E)-stigmasta-7,22-dien-3,6-diol, unusual (3β,5α,22E)-stigmasta-7,22-dien-6,15-dione-3-ol, and (5α,22E)-stigmasta-7,22-dien-3-one accompanied by minor stereoisomers of (3β,5α)-7,8;22,23-diepoxystigmastan-3-ol. Moreover, a clear relationship between the pumpkin seed oil stability index and synergistic effect of glycerophospholipids with present tocochromanols was found. High-resolution atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-MS experiments clearly demonstrated the formation of various γ-tocopherylquinone adducts with primary amines, namely, octylamine. The mitigation strategy of potentially detrimental oxysterols from pumpkin seed oil included optimization of processing parameters while maintaining the formation of desirable sensory-active compounds.

• Klíčová slova
• phytosterol oxidation products, pumpkin seed, roasting, tocopherylquinone, Δ7-phytosterols,
• MeSH
• aminy MeSH
• Cucurbita * MeSH
• fosfatidylethanolaminy MeSH
• fytosteroly * MeSH
• kostní šrouby MeSH
• oleje rostlin chemie   MeSH
• oxysteroly * MeSH
• teplota MeSH
• vitamin E analogy a deriváty   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• aminy MeSH
• fosfatidylethanolaminy MeSH
• fytosteroly * MeSH
• oleje rostlin MeSH
• oxysteroly * MeSH
• tocopherylquinone MeSH Prohlížeč
• vitamin E MeSH

The diversity of ZYMV isolates was analysed by the biological and molecular characterisation of 11 isolates sampled from cucumber, squash and zucchini between 2001 and 2006 in various localities of Slovakia and Czech Republic. Analysis of the molecular variability targeting three separate genomic regions of the ZYMV genome [P1, P3 and (Cter)NIb-(Nter)CP] revealed a remarkable low level of nucleotide variability between isolates, despite their temporal and spatial distinction. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 5'-terminal part of the CP gene highlighted the close relatedness of Slovak, Czech and other central European isolates. Low level of genetic diversity within central European ZYMV isolates is in contrast to the diversity observed for isolates from other geographical regions, in particular Asia. No evidence of recombination in the ZYMV genome was detected. Sequence comparison between aggressive and moderate ZYMV isolates revealed one amino acid difference in the N-terminal part of the P3 protein, potentially involved in the tolerance breaking.

• MeSH
• Cucurbita virologie   MeSH
• genetická variace * MeSH
• molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
• Potyvirus klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• sekvence aminokyselin MeSH
• sekvenční analýza RNA MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Slovenská republika MeSH

The effect of the rootstock on the acropetal and basipetal transport of photoassimilates and hormones was studied in the 'Kiran' (Ki) melon cultivar grafted onto pumpkin rootstocks with different degrees of compatibility. A complementary experiment was performed to compare the incompatible combination (as evidenced by plant collapse at the fruit ripening stage), designated Ki/r53, with self-grafted r53/r53 as a model compatible combination. Both experiments showed the accumulation of a number of amino acids, sugars, and sugar alcohols in the scion of the incompatible Ki/r53 grafts. Additionally, they showed a marked reduction of trans-zeatin-type cytokinins and an elevated content of cis-zeatin-type cytokinins in the rootstock, and the opposite pattern in the scion, hinting at the possible involvement of a hormonal signal for graft compatibility. There was no direct evidence of a blockage at the graft union, since hormone acropetal and basipetal trafficking was demonstrated for all combinations. Dye uptake experiments did not show xylem flow impairment. A possibly significant finding in the incompatible combination was the deposition of undifferentiated cells in the hollow space that replaces the pith region in melon and pumpkin. The link between the above findings and the collapse of the plants of the incompatible combination remains unclear.

• Klíčová slova
• Grafted plants, Hormone, Metabolites, Sap, Yield,
• MeSH
• biologický transport fyziologie   MeSH
• Cucumis sativus genetika   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• Cucurbita genetika   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• fotosyntéza genetika   fyziologie   MeSH
• kořeny rostlin genetika   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• regulátory růstu rostlin genetika   fyziologie   MeSH
• šlechtění rostlin MeSH
• zemědělské plodiny genetika   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• regulátory růstu rostlin MeSH

The intergenic spacer (IGS) of rDNA is frequently built of long blocks of tandem repeats. To estimate the intragenomic variability of such knotty regions, we employed PacBio sequencing of the Cucurbita moschata genome, in which thousands of rDNA copies are distributed across a number of loci. The rRNA coding regions are highly conserved, indicating intensive interlocus homogenization and/or high selection pressure. However, the IGS exhibits high intragenomic structural diversity. Two repeated blocks, R1 (300-1250 bp) and R2 (290-643 bp), account for most of the IGS variation. They exhibit minisatellite-like features built of multiple periodically spaced short GC-rich sequence motifs with the potential to adopt non-canonical DNA conformations, G-quadruplex-folded and left-handed Z-DNA. The mutual arrangement of these motifs can be used to classify IGS variants into five structural families. Subtle polymorphisms exist within each family due to a variable number of repeats, suggesting the coexistence of an enormous number of IGS variants. The substantial length and structural heterogeneity of IGS minisatellites suggests that the tempo of their divergence exceeds the tempo of the homogenization of rDNA arrays. As frequently occurring among plants, we hypothesize that their instability may influence transcription regulation and/or destabilize rDNA units, possibly spreading them across the genome.

• Klíčová slova
• Cucurbita moschata, DNA-minisatellite, intragenomic structural heterogeneity, non-canonical DNA conformations, ribosomal DNA intergenic spacer,
• MeSH
• Cucurbita genetika   MeSH
• genetická variace * MeSH
• konformace nukleové kyseliny * MeSH
• mezerníky ribozomální DNA chemie   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• minisatelitní repetice * MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• mezerníky ribozomální DNA MeSH

A new species of the family Alloionematidae was isolated from a rotten winged gourd at White Crane Garden, San Francisco, USA, sampled by Christopher Nelson in November 2010, and a live culture is deposited in Félix Lab Strain Database (http://www.justbio.com/worms/index.php), IBENS, Paris, France. Specimens from the culture have been examined. Both morphologically and molecularly, the nematode described herein as Alloionema californicum n. sp. differs from the other alloionematid species, A. appendiculatum and Neoalloionema tricaudatum. It is characterised by having a narrow stoma, 2.5-3.5 or 4 times longer than broad in adults or dauer juveniles respectively. Lateral fields are not present in adults but occur as one prominent ridge in dauers. Males have no bursa, six pairs of genital papillae and one single papilla. Dauers have large apparent phasmids in the middle of the tail. The ecology of the newly described species is unknown but probably it is a saprobic bacteriophagous nematode preferring rotting organic material.

• Klíčová slova
• Nematoda, Alloionema appendiculatum, Neoalloionema tricaudatum, ITS rDNA, SSU rDNA, phylogenetic analysis,
• MeSH
• Cucurbita parazitologie   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• nemoci rostlin parazitologie   MeSH
• Rhabditida klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Spojené státy americké MeSH

In this study, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolation from fermented foods and molecular identification using magnetic bead technology were performed. And then exopolysaccharide (EPS) production possibility was tested in agar medium, and the positive ones were selected for the next step. The bacteria that could produce higher carbohydrate level were grown in MRS medium fortified with whey and pumpkin waste. In our study, 19 different LAB species were identified from fermented products collected from different places in Hatay (Türkiye) province. In molecular identification, universal primer pairs, p806R/p8FPL, and PEU7/DG74 were used for PCR amplification. After that, PCR products purified using paramagnetic bead technology were sequenced by the Sanger sequencing method. The dominant species, 23.8% of the isolates, were identified as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum. As a technological property of LAB, exopolysaccharide production capability of forty-two LAB isolate was tested in agar medium, and after eleven isolates were selected as positive. Two LAB (Latilactobacillus curvatus SHA2-3B and Loigolactobacillus coryniformis SHA6-3B) had higher EPS production capability when they were grown in MRS broth fortified with pumpkin waste and whey. The highest EPS content (1750 mg/L glucose equivalent) was determined in Loigolactobacillus coryniformis SHA6-3B grown in MRS broth fortified with 10% pumpkin waste. Besides the produced EPS samples were validated with FTIR and SEM methods.

• Klíčová slova
• Exopolysaccharide, Magnetic bead, Pumpkin waste, Sanger sequencing, Whey,
• MeSH
• bakteriální polysacharidy * biosyntéza   metabolismus   MeSH
• Cucurbita mikrobiologie   MeSH
• fermentace MeSH
• fermentované potraviny * mikrobiologie   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• kultivační média chemie   MeSH
• Lactobacillales * izolace a purifikace   klasifikace   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• odpadní produkty * analýza   MeSH
• potravinářská mikrobiologie * MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S genetika   MeSH
• syrovátka MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• bakteriální polysacharidy * MeSH
• kultivační média MeSH
• odpadní produkty * MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S MeSH

Habituated embryogenic line of pumpkin contained more CKs and IAA, but less ABA than the non-habituated line. Pronounced hypomethylation correlated with the absence of 2,4-D, addition of 5-azaC, and the process of habituation. A comparative analysis between habituated and non-habituated embryogenic cultures of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) in relation to endogenous phytohormones, global DNA methylation, and developmental and regeneration capacities of the cultures was conducted. The analysis revealed more cytokinins (CKs) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), but less abscisic acid (ABA) in the habituated HEC line than in the non-habituated DEC line. Ribosides and ribotides were the most abundant CK forms in both HEC and DEC lines (75.9 and 57.6 %, respectively). HEC contained more free-base CKs (5.8 vs. 3.2 %), whereas DEC contained considerably more O-glycosides (39.1 vs. 18.3 %). Although prevalence of IAA was common for both lines, relative ratio of CKs and ABA differed between DEC and HEC lines. ABA was prevailing over CKs in DEC, while CKs prevailed over ABA in HEC line. Taking into account the importance of ABA for embryo maturation, the reduced endogenous ABA content in HEC line might be the reason for a 5-fold reduction in regeneration capacity compared to DEC. Both habituated and non-habituated embryogenic lines were highly methylated in the presence of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Pronounced hypomethylation correlated with the absence of 2,4-D, addition of 5-azacytidine (5-azaC), but also with the process of habituation. The habituated line was resistant to the effect of hypomethylation drug 5-azaC and remained highly methylated even after the addition of 5-azaC. Also, 5-azaC did not change the developmental pattern in the habituated line, indicating the existence of separate mechanisms by which 2,4-D influences global DNA methylation in comparison to habituation-related global DNA methylation.

• Klíčová slova
• ABA, CKs, DNA methylation, Habituation, IAA, Somatic embryogenesis,
• MeSH
• azacytidin farmakologie   MeSH
• Cucurbita účinky léků   embryologie   genetika   MeSH
• cytokininy metabolismus   MeSH
• epigeneze genetická účinky léků   MeSH
• herbicidy farmakologie   MeSH
• inhibitory enzymů farmakologie   MeSH
• kyselina 2,4-dichlorfenoxyoctová farmakologie   MeSH
• kyselina abscisová metabolismus   MeSH
• kyseliny indoloctové metabolismus   MeSH
• metylace DNA účinky léků   MeSH
• regulátory růstu rostlin metabolismus   MeSH
• somatická embryogeneze rostlin MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• azacytidin MeSH
• cytokininy MeSH
• herbicidy MeSH
• indoleacetic acid MeSH Prohlížeč
• inhibitory enzymů MeSH
• kyselina 2,4-dichlorfenoxyoctová MeSH
• kyselina abscisová MeSH
• kyseliny indoloctové MeSH
• regulátory růstu rostlin MeSH

The growing interest in foods that can be beneficial to human health is bringing into focus some products that have been used locally for centuries but have recently gained worldwide attention. One of these foods is pumpkin seed oil, which has been used in culinary and traditional medicine, but recent data also show its use in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. In addition, some sources refer to it as a potential functional food, mainly because it is obtained from pumpkin seeds, which contain many functional components. However, the production process of the oil may affect the content of these components and consequently the biological activity of the oil. In this review, we have focused on summarizing scientific data that explore the potential of pumpkin seed oil as a functional food ingredient. We provide a comprehensive overview of pumpkin seed oil chemical composition, phytochemical content, biological activity, and safety, as well as the overview of production processes and contemporary use. The main phytochemicals in pumpkin seed oil with health-related properties are polyphenols, phytoestrogens, and fatty acids, but carotenoids, squalene, tocopherols, and minerals may also contribute to health benefits. Most studies have been conducted in vitro and support the claim that pumpkin seed oil has antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Clinical studies have shown that pumpkin seed oil may be beneficial in the treatment of cardiovascular problems of menopausal women and ailments associated with imbalance of sex hormones.

• Klíčová slova
• biological activity, functional food, pumpkin seed oil,
• MeSH
• antiinfekční látky * MeSH
• antioxidancia farmakologie   MeSH
• Cucurbita * chemie   MeSH
• funkční potraviny MeSH
• fytoestrogeny MeSH
• fytonutrienty MeSH
• karotenoidy MeSH
• léčivé přípravky MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mastné kyseliny chemie   MeSH
• oleje rostlin chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• polyfenoly MeSH
• přísady do jídla * MeSH
• skvalen MeSH
• tokoferoly MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antiinfekční látky * MeSH
• antioxidancia MeSH
• fytoestrogeny MeSH
• fytonutrienty MeSH
• karotenoidy MeSH
• léčivé přípravky MeSH
• mastné kyseliny MeSH
• oleje rostlin MeSH
• polyfenoly MeSH
• přísady do jídla * MeSH
• skvalen MeSH
• tokoferoly MeSH