• Klíčová slova
• EDUCATION, PHARMACY, Education, Pharmacy, Continuing, PHARMACY SERVICE, HOSPITAL, Safety, Workforce,
• MeSH
• farmaceuti * trendy   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemocniční lékárny * trendy   MeSH
• pracovní síly trendy   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• úvodníky MeSH

A cross countries in Europe, health policy is seeking to adapt to the post-pandemic 'permacrisis', where high demands on the healthcare workforce and shortages continue and combine with climate change, and war. The success of these efforts depends on the capacities of the healthcare workforce. This study aims to compare health policy responses to strengthen the capacities of the healthcare workforce and to explore the underpinning dynamics between health systems, policy actors and health policies. The study draws on a qualitative, comparative analysis of Austria, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Italy and the Netherlands. The findings suggest that policy responses at the national level focused on hospitals and absorptive capacities, while policy responses at local/regional levels also included general practice and adaptive capacities. There were only few examples of policies directed at transformative capacities. The underling dynamics were shaped by health systems, where individual parts are closely connected, by embeddedness in specific service delivery and areas, and by power dynamics. In conclusion, sub-national health policy responses emerge as key to effective responses to the post-pandemic permacrisis, where health professions are central policy actors. Sub-national health policy responses build on existing power relations, but also have the potential to transcend these power relations.

• Klíčová slova
• EU comparison, Health Systems, Healthcare workforce, Resilience, health policy,
• MeSH
• COVID-19 * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• poskytování zdravotní péče MeSH
• pracovní síly MeSH
• psychická odolnost * MeSH
• zdravotní politika MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

BACKGROUND: Over the past decade the healthcare workforce has diversified in several directions with formalised roles for health care assistants, specialised roles for nurses and technicians, advanced roles for physician associates and nurse practitioners and new professions for new services, such as case managers. Hence the composition of health care teams has become increasingly diverse. The exact extent of this diversity is unknown across the different countries of Europe, as are the drivers of this change. The research questions guiding this study were: What extended professional roles are emerging on health care teams? How are extended professional roles created? What main drivers explain the observed differences, if any, in extended roles in and between countries? METHODS: We performed a case-based comparison of the extended roles in care pathways for breast cancer, heart disease and type 2 diabetes. We conducted 16 case studies in eight European countries, including in total 160 interviews with physicians, nurses and other health care professionals in new roles and 600+ hours of observation in health care clinics. RESULTS: The results show a relatively diverse composition of roles in the three care pathways. We identified specialised roles for physicians, extended roles for nurses and technicians, and independent roles for advanced nurse practitioners and physician associates. The development of extended roles depends upon the willingness of physicians to delegate tasks, developments in medical technology and service (re)design. Academic training and setting a formal scope of practice for new roles have less impact upon the development of new roles. While specialised roles focus particularly on a well-specified technical or clinical domain, the generic roles concentrate on organising and integrating care and cure. CONCLUSION: There are considerable differences in the number and kind of extended roles between both countries and care pathways. The main drivers for new roles reside in the technological development of medical treatment and the need for more generic competencies. Extended roles develop in two directions: 1) specialised roles and 2) generic roles.

• Klíčová slova
• Advanced roles, Comparative study, Europe, Extended roles, Health care teams, Health workforce, Skill mix,
• MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 2. typu terapie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory prsu terapie   MeSH
• nemoci srdce terapie   MeSH
• poskytování zdravotní péče * organizace a řízení   MeSH
• pracovní síly MeSH
• role odborníka * MeSH
• týmová péče o pacienty * MeSH
• zdravotnický personál * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

Due to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the manufacturing sector has been experiencing unprecedented issues, including severe fluctuation in demand, restrictions on the availability and utilization of the workforce, and governmental regulations. Adopting conventional manufacturing practices and planning approaches under such circumstances cannot be effective and may jeopardize workers' health and satisfaction, as well as the continuity of businesses. Reconfigurable Manufacturing System (RMS) as a new manufacturing paradigm has demonstrated a promising performance when facing abrupt market or system changes. This paper investigates a joint workforce planning and production scheduling problem during the COVID-19 pandemic by leveraging the adaptability and flexibility of an RMS. In this regard, workers' COVID-19 health risk arising from their allocation, and workers' preferences for flexible working hours are incorporated into the problem. Accordingly, first, novel Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) and Constraint Programming (CP) models are developed to formulate the problem. Next, exploiting the problem's intrinsic characteristics, two properties of an optimal solution are identified. By incorporating these properties, the initial MILP and CP models are considerably improved. Afterward, to benefit from the strengths of both improved models, a novel hybrid MILP-CP solution approach is devised. Finally, comprehensive computational experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed models and extract useful managerial insights on the system flexibility.

• Klíčová slova
• COVID-19 pandemic, Constraint programming, Reconfigurable machine tool, Reconfigurable manufacturing system, Scheduling, Workforce planning,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

We established a Geriatrics Workforce Enhancement Program (GWEP) clinic to enhance resident training on comprehensive preventive care and chronic disease management, and to increase the number of older patients who received Medicare Annual Wellness Visit (AWV) preventive services. A total of 1,104 patients were tracked at baseline and during the intervention period. Patients were grouped into two categories: Adult (aged 55-64) and Senior (aged 65+). Clinical quality measures were monitored by electronic health record and tracked through monthly reports at baseline (May 2018) and during the intervention period (July 2018-June 2019). In the Senior group, the proportion of patients receiving the Medicare AWV increased after GWEP began (p <.001). Additionally, the Senior group showed significant improvements in the frequency of body mass index assessments (p = .04), colorectal cancer screenings (p < .001), advance directive documentation (p < .001), cognitive screenings (p < .001), and pneumococcal vaccinations (p < .001). In the Adult group, a trending increase was seen in influenza vaccinations (p = .06). Curricular innovations including the establishment of a GWEP clinic in our residency outpatient center, development of new educational materials, and use of a nurse coordinator resulted in significant improvements in the percentage of older adults who received the Medicare AWV benefit and preventive health performance metrics.

• Klíčová slova
• Medicare annual wellness visit, preventative health,
• MeSH
• geriatrie * výchova   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Medicare * MeSH
• pracovní síly MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• služby preventivní péče MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Spojené státy americké MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• COVID-19, MENTAL HEALTH, UNEMPLOYMENT, WORKPLACE,
• MeSH
• COVID-19 * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pandemie MeSH
• pracovní síly MeSH
• psychický distres * MeSH
• psychický stres MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The way pollinators gather resources may play a key role for buffering their population declines. Social pollinators like bumblebees could adjust their foraging after significant workforce reductions to keep provisions to the colony optimal, especially in terms of pollen diversity and quantity. To test what effects a workforce reduction causes on the foraging for pollen, commercially-acquired colonies of the bumblebee Bombus terrestris were allowed to forage in the field and they were experimentally manipulated by removing half the number of workers. For each bumblebee, the pollen pellets were taxonomically identified with DNA metabarcoding of the ITS2 region followed by a statistical filtering based on ROC curves to filter out underrepresented OTUs. Video cameras and network analyses were employed to investigate changes in foraging strategies and behaviour. After filtering out the false-positives, HTS metabarcoding yielded a high plant diversity in the pollen pellets; for plant identity and pollen quantity traits no differences emerged between samples from treated and from control colonies, suggesting that plant choice was influenced mainly by external factors such as the plant phenology. The colonies responded to the removal of 50% of their workers by increasing the foraging activity of the remaining workers, while only negligible changes were found in diet breadth and indices describing the structure of the pollen transport network. Therefore, a consistency in the bumblebees' feeding strategies emerges in the short term despite the lowered workforce.

• MeSH
• biodiverzita MeSH
• fyziologie výživy zvířat MeSH
• opylení fyziologie   MeSH
• populační dynamika MeSH
• pyl * genetika   MeSH
• rostliny klasifikace   genetika   MeSH
• stravovací zvyklosti MeSH
• taxonomické DNA čárové kódování MeSH
• včely fyziologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

BACKGROUND: There is a paucity of robust research concerning the care experiences of peoplewith advanced dementia within Europe. It is essential to understand these experiences if weare to address care inequalities and create impactful dementia policies to improve servicesthat support individuals and enable family caring. OBJECTIVES: To identify the strengths and weaknesses in daily life perceived by people with dementia and family caring across Europe by exemplifying experiences and the range of typical care settings for advanced dementia care in seven partner countries. METHODS: Twenty two in-depth qualitative case studies were completed in seven European countries across a range of care settings considered typical within that country. Narrative accounts of care illuminated a unique set of experiences and highlighted what was working well (strengths or positive aspects) and not so well (weaknesses or negative aspects) for people with advanced dementia and family caring. A constant comparative method of analysis through thematic synthesis was used to identify the common themes. RESULTS: Eight key themes were identified; Early diagnosis, good coordination between service providers, future planning, support and education for carers, enabling the person with dementia to live thebest life possible and education on advanced dementia for professional and family caregiverswere all significant and recurring issues considered important for care experiences to bepositive. CONCLUSION: People with advanced dementia may have limited opportunities for self-realization and become increasingly reliant on the support of others to maximize their health and well-being. Careful attention must be given to their psychosocial well-being, living environment and family caring to enable them to live the best life possible. Building on what the case studies tell us about what works well, we discuss the potential for integrating the findings into interprofesional learning solutions for the professional workforce across Europe to champion practice-based change.

• Klíčová slova
• Alzheimer disease, Dementia, caregivers, case study, quality improvement,
• MeSH
• demence psychologie   terapie   MeSH
• kvalita zdravotní péče normy   MeSH
• kvalitativní výzkum MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• narativní lékařství MeSH
• socioekonomické faktory MeSH
• zdravotnický personál výchova   MeSH
• zlepšení kvality MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

AIM: This study aimed to analyse cross-cultural differences in the prevalence of low back pain (LBP) and other back pain of general nurses in direct inpatient care in the Czech Republic (CZ) and Great Britain (GB). METHODS: The survey was used using an extended standardized Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire and self-created additional questions. The data were analysed with Stata 15 using a significance level of 0.05. RESULTS: The data analysis was based on 1043 questionnaires. We identified statistically significant differences in the LBP prevalence between the respondents (CZ 93% and GB 85%) over a period of 12 months. Nurses in both countries stated a higher prevalence of LBP compared to pain in the neck, shoulders or upper back. LBP increases in relation to age, length of work experience, body mass index (BMI) and university education (BSc). Age, length of work experience, BMI and education (nursing college and master's degree) were confirmed as significant risks contributing to the increased prevalence of other back pain as well. Respondents reported a reduction in work performance, leisure activities and the need to change profession in relation to LBP. CONCLUSION: The results of the study confirm that LBP is a frequent occupational health issue in the general nurses working in direct inpatient care in both countries.

• Klíčová slova
• general nurse, musculoskeletal low back pain, prevalence, prevention, risk factor,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

To attract and retain a more diverse workforce, organizations embrace diversity initiatives, expressed in diversity statements on their websites. While the explicit content of diversity statements influences attitudes towards organizations, much less is known about the effect of subtle cues such as emotions. In three pre-registered studies, we tested the effect of positive emotionality in diversity statements on attitudes towards organizations. Study 1 focused on the degree to which 600 European organizations employed emotionality in their diversity statements, finding that although their statements differed in the level of emotionality, on average, organizations avoided highly emotional words. Study 2 (N = 220 UK participants) tested the effect of original diversity statements on readers' attitudes towards an organization, demonstrating that the level of emotionality in the existing statements did not influence positive attitudes towards the organization. In Study 3 (N = 815 UK participants), we thus modified the diversity statements so that they contained high levels of positive emotionality that triggered more positive emotions and resulted in more positive attitudes towards an organization. Taken together, highly emotional words (e.g. passionate; happy; wholeheartedly) are key in diversity statements if organizations wish to increase their attractiveness among potential employees.

• Klíčová slova
• diversity statements, emotional expression, emotions, language, pre‐registered,
• MeSH
• emoce * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• podněty MeSH
• postoj * MeSH
• rozmanitost pracovních sil MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH