adeno-associated virus Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu
The jet-injection technology was used for delivery of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV). Although AAV-based vectors are an attractive tool in gene therapy, some methodological and technical problems of their targeted delivery remain to be solved. We tried to address some of these cell-targeting problems by using a new low-volume needleless injection device the Swiss Injector. First we tested, by electron microscopy, whether jet-injection would have any detrimental effect on rAAV particle integrity. Second, we compared transgene expression after infection of 293T cells with fired or control (non-fired) rAAV that expressed the green fluorescent protein (GFP), beta-galactosidase (beta-gal), the B7.1 molecule, and interleukin 2 (IL2). Third, an rAAV carrying the genes coding for beta-gal was jet-injected into mouse subcutaneous (s.c.) tumours. The staining of tumour cryosections revealed beta-gal expression 72 h after the delivery. Our study demonstrated the applicability of the Swiss Injector for the delivery of rAAV into tumour tissue without either vector particle integrity or the level of expression of the transgenes, as tested in vitro, being affected. The jet-injection technology could improve the distribution of vector particles in the tumour mass without leakage of liquid from the injection site.
- MeSH
- beta-galaktosidasa genetika metabolismus MeSH
- buněčné linie MeSH
- Dependovirus genetika MeSH
- injekce tryskové MeSH
- interleukin-2 genetika metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- luminescentní proteiny analýza genetika MeSH
- myši MeSH
- nádory genetika metabolismus MeSH
- rekombinantní DNA genetika MeSH
- technika přenosu genů * MeSH
- transgeny genetika MeSH
- zelené fluorescenční proteiny MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- beta-galaktosidasa MeSH
- interleukin-2 MeSH
- luminescentní proteiny MeSH
- rekombinantní DNA MeSH
- zelené fluorescenční proteiny MeSH
The successful development of a subpial adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9) vector delivery technique in adult rats and pigs has been reported on previously. Using subpially-placed polyethylene catheters (PE-10 or PE-5) for AAV9 delivery, potent transgene expression through the spinal parenchyma (white and gray matter) in subpially-injected spinal segments has been demonstrated. Because of the wide range of transgenic mouse models of neurodegenerative diseases, there is a strong desire for the development of a potent central nervous system (CNS)-targeted vector delivery technique in adult mice. Accordingly, the present study describes the development of a spinal subpial vector delivery device and technique to permit safe and effective spinal AAV9 delivery in adult C57BL/6J mice. In spinally immobilized and anesthetized mice, the pia mater (cervical 1 and lumbar 1-2 spinal segmental level) was incised with a sharp 34 G needle using an XYZ manipulator. A second XYZ manipulator was then used to advance a blunt 36G needle into the lumbar and/or cervical subpial space. The AAV9 vector (3-5 µL; 1.2 x 1013 genome copies (gc)) encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP) was then injected subpially. After injections, neurological function (motor and sensory) was assessed periodically, and animals were perfusion-fixed 14 days after AAV9 delivery with 4% paraformaldehyde. Analysis of horizontal or transverse spinal cord sections showed transgene expression throughout the entire spinal cord, in both gray and white matter. In addition, intense retrogradely-mediated GFP expression was seen in the descending motor axons and neurons in the motor cortex, nucleus ruber, and formatio reticularis. No neurological dysfunction was noted in any animals. These data show that the subpial vector delivery technique can successfully be used in adult mice, without causing procedure-related spinal cord injury, and is associated with highly potent transgene expression throughout the spinal neuraxis.
- MeSH
- audiovizuální záznam MeSH
- Dependovirus genetika MeSH
- fluorescenční mikroskopie MeSH
- genetické vektory genetika metabolismus MeSH
- mícha metabolismus MeSH
- mozek metabolismus MeSH
- myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zelené fluorescenční proteiny genetika MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- myši MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- audiovizuální média MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- zelené fluorescenční proteiny MeSH
Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are promising gene therapy vectors, but challenges arise when treating patients with preexisting neutralizing antibodies. Worldwide seroprevalence studies provide snapshots of existing immunity in diverse populations. Owing to the uniqueness of the Basque socio-geographical landscape, we investigated the seroprevalence of eight AAV serotypes in residents of the Basque Country. We found the highest seroprevalence of AAV3, and the lowest seroprevalence of AAV9. Additionally, less than 50% of the Basque population has neutralizing antibodies against AAV4, AAV6, and AAV9. Our findings provide insight into AAV infections in the Basque region, public health, and the development of AAV-based therapeutics.
- Klíčová slova
- Adeno-associated virus, Basque population, Gene therapy, Seroprevalence,
- MeSH
- Dependovirus * genetika imunologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- infekce viry z čeledi Parvoviridae epidemiologie imunologie virologie MeSH
- kohortové studie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- neutralizující protilátky * krev imunologie MeSH
- protilátky virové * krev imunologie MeSH
- séroepidemiologické studie MeSH
- séroskupina MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Španělsko epidemiologie MeSH
- Názvy látek
- neutralizující protilátky * MeSH
- protilátky virové * MeSH
Adeno-associated viral vectors are widely used as vehicles for gene transfer to the nervous system. The promoter and viral vector serotype are two key factors that determine the expression dynamics of the transgene. A previous comparative study has demonstrated that AAV1 displays efficient transduction of layer V corticospinal neurons, but the optimal promoter for transgene expression in corticospinal neurons has not been determined yet. In this paper, we report a side-by-side comparison between four commonly used promoters: the short CMV early enhancer/chicken β actin (sCAG), human cytomegalovirus (hCMV), mouse phosphoglycerate kinase (mPGK) and human synapsin (hSYN) promoter. Reporter constructs with each of these promoters were packaged in AAV1, and were injected in the sensorimotor cortex of rats and mice in order to transduce the corticospinal tract. Transgene expression levels and the cellular transduction profile were examined after 6 weeks. The AAV1 vectors harbouring the hCMV and sCAG promoters resulted in transgene expression in neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. The mPGK and hSYN promoters directed the strongest transgene expression. The mPGK promoter did drive expression in cortical neurons and oligodendrocytes, while transduction with AAV harbouring the hSYN promoter resulted in neuron-specific expression, including perineuronal net expressing interneurons and layer V corticospinal neurons. This promoter comparison study contributes to improve transgene delivery into the brain and spinal cord. The optimized transduction of the corticospinal tract will be beneficial for spinal cord injury research.
- MeSH
- Dependovirus * genetika MeSH
- genetické vektory genetika MeSH
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- myši MeSH
- promotorové oblasti (genetika) MeSH
- pyramidové dráhy * MeSH
- transdukce genetická MeSH
- transgeny MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors (AAVs) are an effective system for gene transfer. AAV serotype 2 (AAV2) is commonly used to deliver transgenes to retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) via intravitreal injection. The AAV serotype however is not the only factor contributing to the effectiveness of gene therapies. Promoters influence the strength and cell-selectivity of transgene expression. This study compares five promoters designed to maximise AAV2 cargo space for gene delivery: chicken β-actin (CBA), cytomegalovirus (CMV), short CMV early enhancer/chicken β-actin/short β-globulin intron (sCAG), mouse phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK), and human synapsin (SYN). The promoters driving enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) were examined in adult C57BL/6J mice eyes and tissues of the visual system. eGFP expression was strongest in the retina, optic nerves and brain when driven by the sCAG and SYN promoters. CBA, CMV, and PGK had moderate expression by comparison. The SYN promoter had almost exclusive transgene expression in RGCs. The PGK promoter had predominant expression in both RGCs and AII amacrine cells. The ubiquitous CBA, CMV, and sCAG promoters expressed eGFP in a variety of cell types across multiple retinal layers including Müller glia and astrocytes. We also found that these promoters could transduce human retina ex vivo, although expression was predominantly in glial cells due to low RGC viability. Taken together, this promoter comparison study contributes to optimising AAV-mediated transduction in the retina, and could be valuable for research in ocular disorders, particularly those with large or complex genetic cargos.
- MeSH
- aktiny genetika metabolismus MeSH
- cytomegalovirové infekce * genetika metabolismus MeSH
- Dependovirus genetika metabolismus MeSH
- genetické vektory genetika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
- myši MeSH
- Parvovirinae * genetika MeSH
- retinální gangliové buňky metabolismus MeSH
- transdukce genetická MeSH
- transgeny MeSH
- zelené fluorescenční proteiny genetika MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- aktiny MeSH
- zelené fluorescenční proteiny MeSH
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive neuromuscular disease caused by deletion or mutation of the SMN1 gene. It is characterized by a progressive loss of motor neurons resulting in muscle weakness. The disease affects 1 in 11,000 live births and before the era of treatment SMA was a leading genetic cause of mortality in infants. Recently, disease modifying therapies have been introduced in clinical practice. They include intrathecal and oral antisense oligonucleotides binding to pre-mRNA of SMN2 gene and increasing the translation of fully functional SMN protein as well as SMN1 gene replacement therapy. Onasemnogene abeparvovec uses the adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9) vector to deliver the SMN1 gene. Phase 1 and phase 3 clinical trials showed that a single administration of onasemnogene abeparvovec resulted in improvement of motor functions in the majority of infants with SMA. Currently, phase 3 trials in SMA1 and SMA2 patients, as well as presymptomatic infants diagnosed with SMA, are ongoing. The drug was approved for medical use in the US in 2019, and in Japan and the European Union in 2020. Thus, first real-world data on efficacy and safety of onasemnogene abeparvovec in SMA patients are available.
- Klíčová slova
- AAV9, gene therapy, onasemnogene abeparvovec, spinal muscular atrophy, spinal muscular atrophy treatment,
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Site-specific recombinases (SSRs) are critical for achieving precise spatiotemporal control of engineered alleles. These enzymes play a key role in facilitating the deletion or inversion of loci flanked by recombination sites, resulting in the activation or repression of endogenous genes, selection markers or reporter elements. However, multiple recombination in complex alleles can be laborious. To address this, a new and efficient method using AAV vectors has been developed to simplify the conversion of systems based on Cre, FLP, Dre and Vika recombinases. In this study, we present an effective method for ex vivo allele conversion using Cre, FLP (flippase), Dre, and Vika recombinases, employing adeno-associated viruses (AAV) as delivery vectors. AAVs enable efficient allele conversion with minimal toxicity in a reporter mouse line. Moreover, AAVs facilitate sequential allele conversion, essential for fully converting alleles with multiple recombination sites, typically found in conditional knockout mouse models. While simple allele conversions show a 100% efficiency rate, complex multiple conversions consistently achieve an 80% conversion rate. Overall, this strategy markedly reduces the need for animals and significantly speeds up the process of allele conversion, representing a significant improvement in genome engineering techniques.
- Klíčová slova
- 3R, AAV, Flp/FRT, Gene delivery, IVF, Site-specific recombinase,
- MeSH
- alely * MeSH
- blastocysta metabolismus MeSH
- Dependovirus * genetika MeSH
- DNA-nukleotidyltransferasy genetika metabolismus MeSH
- genetické vektory * genetika MeSH
- genová konverze MeSH
- myši MeSH
- rekombinace genetická MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- DNA-nukleotidyltransferasy MeSH
- Site-specific recombinase MeSH Prohlížeč
Graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD) is a frequent and dangerous complication of allogenic transplantations of bone marrow. Gene therapy offers a way to deal with the problem. It is based on the introduction of suicide genes (SG) into the donor's T lymphocytes, which are responsible for the development of GVHD. If it develops, the presence of SG in the effector cells gives an opportunity to get rid of them, because their products are capable of changing otherwise innocuous substances into highly cytotoxic metabolites. For the transduction of SG retrovirus-based vectors are used. The authors tried to employ for this purpose recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAV). The attempt was unsuccessful. When using rAAV as vectors, the efficacy of transduction was very low. Further experiments indicated that this failure was due to the absence of receptor for AAV in T lymphocytes. It seems clear that until the surface of rAAV is modified to facilitate their penetration into T cells, they cannot replace retroviruses for transfer of SG into this cell type.
The spinal cord injury (SCI) is a medical and life-disrupting condition with devastating consequences for the physical, social, and professional welfare of patients, and there is no adequate treatment for it. At the same time, gene therapy has been studied as a promising approach for the treatment of neurological and neurodegenerative disorders by delivering remedial genes to the central nervous system (CNS), of which the spinal cord is a part. For gene therapy, multiple vectors have been introduced, including integrating lentiviral vectors and non-integrating adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors. AAV vectors are a promising system for transgene delivery into the CNS due to their safety profile as well as long-term gene expression. Gene therapy mediated by AAV vectors shows potential for treating SCI by delivering certain genetic information to specific cell types. This review has focused on a potential treatment of SCI by gene therapy using AAV vectors.
- Klíčová slova
- AAV vector, adeno-associated virus, gene therapy, spinal cord injury,
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate early-phase safety of subretinal application of AAVanc80.CAG.USH1Ca1 (OT_USH_101) in wild-type (WT) pigs, examining the effects of a vehicle control, low dose, and high dose. METHODS: Twelve WT pigs (24 eyes) were divided into three groups: four pigs each received bilateral subretinal injections of either vehicle, low dose (3.3 × 1010 vector genomes [vg] per eye), or high dose (1.0 × 1011 vg per eye). Total retinal thickness (TRT) was evaluated using optical coherence tomography and retinal function was assessed with full-field electroretinography (ff-ERG) at baseline and two months post-surgery. After necropsy, retinal changes were examined through histopathology, and human USH1C_a1/harmonin expression was assessed by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and Western blotting. RESULTS: OT_USH_101 led to high USH1C_a1 expression in WT pig retinas without significant TRT changes two months after subretinal injection. The qPCR revealed expression of the human USH1C_a1 transgene delivered by the adeno-associated virus vector. TRT changes were minimal across groups: vehicle (256 ± 21 to 243 ± 18 µm; P = 0.108), low dose (251 ± 32 to 258 ± 30 µm; P = 0.076), and high dose (242 ± 24 to 259 ± 28 µm; P = 0.590). The ff-ERG showed no significant changes in rod or cone responses. Histopathology indicated no severe retinal adverse effects in the vehicle and low dose groups. CONCLUSIONS: Early-phase clinical imaging, electrophysiology, and histopathological assessments indicated that subretinal administration of OT_USH_101 was well tolerated in the low-dose treatment arm. OT_USH_101 treatment resulted in high expression of human USH1C_a1. Although histopathological changes were not severe, more frequent changes were observed in the high-dose group.
- MeSH
- cytoskeletální proteiny genetika MeSH
- Dependovirus genetika MeSH
- elektroretinografie * MeSH
- genetická terapie metody MeSH
- genetické vektory * MeSH
- injekce nitrooční * MeSH
- kvantitativní polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
- optická koherentní tomografie * MeSH
- prasata MeSH
- proteiny buněčného cyklu genetika MeSH
- regulace genové exprese MeSH
- retina * metabolismus patologie MeSH
- transgeny * MeSH
- western blotting MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- cytoskeletální proteiny MeSH
- proteiny buněčného cyklu MeSH
