The chemical composition was determined of odors produced by nine strains of streptomycetes (Streptomyces aureofaciens, S. avermitilis, S. cinnamonensis, S. coelicolor, S. griseus, S. lividans, S. rimosus, S. spectabilis, S. virginiae) cultivated in a fermentor under similar cultivation conditions. GC-MS analysis identified more than twenty noteworthy volatile chemical individuals. The main components of the odor spectrum were geosmin and unique homologues of oxolones (dihydrofuranones), minor compounds included, e.g., pyrazine derivatives, acetoin and its homologues, aromatic esters, furan derivatives.

• MeSH
• fermentace * MeSH
• heterocyklické sloučeniny chemie   MeSH
• odoranty analýza   MeSH
• plynová chromatografie s hmotnostně spektrometrickou detekcí MeSH
• Streptomyces chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• volatilizace MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• heterocyklické sloučeniny MeSH

The time course of production of odorous compounds, i.e. geosmin and oxolones, and of avermectins was determined during the cultivation of S. avermitilis in flasks, 1- and 50-L fermentors. The amount of the antibiotics increased with increasing cultivation time up to more than 2 g/L while the concentration of geosmin rose to more than 4 mg/L. Cultivation without reflux condenser resulted in a lower product formation due to the higher stripping of geosmin. A relatively tight correlation was found between the production of geosmin and the production of avermectins. The production of oxolones peaked on cultivation days 3-5, the sum of oxolones being 60 microg/L. Subsequently, the production dropped below a measurable level. This can be explained as being due to the inhibition of oxolone production by geosmin.

• MeSH
• biotechnologie metody   MeSH
• fermentace MeSH
• ivermektin analogy a deriváty   metabolismus   MeSH
• kinetika MeSH
• naftoly metabolismus   MeSH
• odoranty analýza   MeSH
• plynová chromatografie s hmotnostně spektrometrickou detekcí MeSH
• Streptomyces růst a vývoj   metabolismus   MeSH
• volatilizace MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• hodnotící studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• avermectin MeSH Prohlížeč
• geosmin MeSH Prohlížeč
• ivermektin MeSH
• naftoly MeSH

This study investigates the rarely studied volatile organic compound emissions from a cheese production facility and the impact of its wastewater treatment system upgrade on the composition of emitted odorants. Wastewater grab samples were collected from six separate wastewater channels before (2019) and after (2021) the system upgrade and analyzed for volatile organic compounds, pH, total dissolved solids, and electrical conductivity. Results showed that the channel from hard cheese production in 2021 had the highest number of volatile organic compounds (35), followed by the fresh cheese production channel (22). Following the industrial wastewater treatment system upgrade, a mineral oil contamination occurred; however, the number of odorants with nasal impact frequency (NIF) ≥ 0.5 in the effluent decreased from 11 to 5. 2-Propenoic acid butyl ester (NIF 0.75) stood out as the most prominent compound, described as fruity, waxy, or green. After the industrial wastewater treatment system upgrades, we observed a decrease in the number of odorants. However other measures must be taken to ensure proper wastewater processing. PRACTITIONER POINTS: More than 60 VOCs were identified in 6 channels from the cheese production facility.15 odorants in cheese production wastewater were detected by SPME-GC-MS/O. The most potent odorants before and after the system upgrade were 1-octen-3-ol and 2-propenoic acid butyl ester, respectively. The upgrades of the industrial wastewater treatment system had a positive impact on reducing the number of odorants and their odor intensity.

• Klíčová slova
• GC-MS/O, cheese production wastewater, odor, olfactometry, volatile organic compounds,
• MeSH
• estery MeSH
• odoranty analýza   MeSH
• odpadní voda MeSH
• sýr * analýza   MeSH
• těkavé organické sloučeniny * analýza   chemie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH
• Názvy látek
• acrylic acid MeSH Prohlížeč
• estery MeSH
• odpadní voda MeSH
• těkavé organické sloučeniny * MeSH

People living on both sides of the German-Czech border are subject to episodes of odor air pollution. A joint German-Czech air sampling and risk assessment project was established to identify the substances responsible and their sources. Twenty-four volunteer study participants, 14 from the NW Czech Republic and 10 from Germany (Saxony) reported odors and collected canister samples during sampling periods in winter 2017 and 2018 and autumn 2018. Canister samples and passive samplers were analyzed for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and passive samplers were analyzed for VOCs and carbonyls. OAVs (Odor Activity Values) and back trajectories were calculated with the aim of identifying the odor sources. Calculated OAVs were in excellent agreement with perceived smells close to an oil processing plant. Odorants identified in fifty canister samples during odor episodes and carbonyl measurements close to the edible oil processing plant were used for health evaluation. Odors reported by participants in Saxony frequently differed from those reported by participants in the Czech Republic. This suggests that certain sources of odor lying on either side of the border only affect that side and not the other with similar considerations regarding health effects. VOCs, including carbonyls, were also sampled at two relatively remote locations during winters of 2017 and 2018; two main sources of odorous compounds were identified at these sites. Analysis of samples taken at sampling sites shows that VOC air pollution and, to a lesser extent carbonyl pollution, originate from both industrial and local sources. Even though levels of sampled substances were not associated with acute effects at any site, long-term exposures to selected compounds could be cause for concern for carcinogenicity at some sites. Odors in Seiffen were associated with carcinogenic compounds in can samples. Although not necessarily representative of long-term exposures to the compounds studied, results such as these suggest that further study is needed to better quantify long-term exposure to potentially harmful compounds, and to either confirm or deny the existence of substantive health risk.

• Klíčová slova
• GC-MS analysis, canister sampling, health impact, odorous compounds, passive sampling,
• MeSH
• hodnocení rizik MeSH
• látky znečišťující vzduch * analýza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí metody   MeSH
• odoranty analýza   MeSH
• těkavé organické sloučeniny * analýza   MeSH
• zapojení do společnosti MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Názvy látek
• látky znečišťující vzduch * MeSH
• těkavé organické sloučeniny * MeSH

Chemical cues, such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), are often essential for insects to locate food. Relative to the volume of studies on the role of VOCs in insect-plant relationships, the role of VOCs emitted by dung and carrion in mediating the behavior of insect decomposers is understudied. Such relationships may provide a mechanistic understanding of the temporal axis of community assembly processes in decomposing insect communities. We focused on the temporal succession of volatiles released by cow dung pats and the potential influence on dung-inhabiting insects. Using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry we identified and quantified VOCs released from dung 1-h, and 1, 2 3, 5, and 7 d-old. We then related changes in VOCs to successional patterns of dung-inhabiting beetles and flies. We detected 54 VOCs which could be assigned to two successional groups, with chemical turnover in dung changing around day 2. The early successional group consisted primarily of aliphatic alcohols and phenols, and the late one of aliphatic esters, nitrogen- and sulfur-bearing compounds. Flies were predominately associated with the early successional group, mainly with 1-butanol. Beetles were associated predominately with the late-successional group, mainly with dimethyl trisulfide. This association between insect and chemical successional patterns supports the idea that habitat filtering drives the community assembly of dung-inhabiting insects on an aging resource. Moreover, the affinity of both insect groups to specific VOC groups provides a mechanistic explanation for the predictability of successional patterns found in dung-inhabiting insect communities.

• Klíčová slova
• Diptera, Dung beetles, Environmental filtering, Ephemeral habitats, Temporal segregations,
• MeSH
• alkoholy analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• biologická evoluce MeSH
• brouci MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• chování zvířat MeSH
• čich MeSH
• Diptera MeSH
• dusík analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• estery analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• feces chemie   MeSH
• fenoly analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• komunikace zvířat MeSH
• odoranty MeSH
• plynová chromatografie s hmotnostně spektrometrickou detekcí MeSH
• preference v jídle fyziologie   MeSH
• síra analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• skot MeSH
• těkavé organické sloučeniny analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• skot MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• alkoholy MeSH
• dusík MeSH
• estery MeSH
• fenoly MeSH
• síra MeSH
• těkavé organické sloučeniny MeSH

The chemical composition of odors produced by nine strains of Streptomyces was determined. Strains Streptomyces aureofaciens, S. avermitilis, S. cinamomensis, S. coelicolor, S. griseus, S. lividans, S. rimosus, S. spectabilis, S. virginiae (as representatives of producers of biologically active compounds) were cultivated at the same time statically in dishes and in shaken flasks at similar cultivation conditions. According to the GC-MS analysis of odor compounds, more than twenty noteworthy volatile chemical individuals were identified. As the main component of odor spectrum geosmin and homologues of oxolones (dihydrofuranones) were found; the other compounds (pyrazine derivatives, acetoin and its homologues, aromatic esters, furan derivatives, etc.) were in minority.

• MeSH
• furany chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• naftoly chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• odoranty analýza   MeSH
• plynová chromatografie s hmotnostně spektrometrickou detekcí MeSH
• pyraziny chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• Streptomyces růst a vývoj   metabolismus   MeSH
• volatilizace MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• furany MeSH
• geosmin MeSH Prohlížeč
• naftoly MeSH
• pyraziny MeSH

Two nonvolatile flavor precursors occurring in Allium vegetables, S-propyl-L-cysteine and its sulfoxide, were heated in closed model systems at different temperatures (from 80 to 200 degrees C) in the presence of variable amounts of water (0-98%) for 1-60 min. It seems to be indisputable that thermally generated breakdown products of both S-propyl-L-cysteine and particularly S-propyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide can significantly participate in the aroma formation of culinary processed Alliumvegetables. Dipropyl disulfide, dipropyl trisulfide, propylthiol, and dipropyl thiosulfonate were identified as the predominant volatile compounds generated by thermal degradation of S-propylcysteine sulfoxide. Dipropyl disulfide and 2-(propylthio)ethylamine were the major breakdown products formed from S-propylcysteine. Substantial amounts of various alkyl- and alkylthio-substituted pyridines were also generated from both S-propylcysteine and its sulfoxide.

• MeSH
• Allium chemie   MeSH
• cystein analogy a deriváty   chemie   MeSH
• hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
• odoranty analýza   MeSH
• sulfidy analýza   MeSH
• vaření MeSH
• volatilizace MeSH
• vysoká teplota MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• cystein MeSH
• S-propylcysteine MeSH Prohlížeč
• sulfidy MeSH

The material combination impact on perceived indoor air quality for various surface interior materials is presented in this paper. The chemical analysis and sensory assessments identifies health adverse of indoor air pollutants (TVOCs). In this study, emissions and odors from different common indoor surface materials were investigated in glass test chamber under standardized conditions. Chemical measurements (TVOC concentration) and sensory assessments (odor intensity, air acceptability) were done after building materials exposure to standardized conditions. The results of the chemical and sensory assessment of individual materials and their combinations are compared and discussed within the paper. The using possibility of individual material surface sorption ability was investigated. The knowledge of targeted sorption effects can be used in the interior design phase. The results demonstrate the various sorption abilities of various indoor materials as well as the various sorption abilities of the same indoor material in various combinations.

• Klíčová slova
• Building surface materials, Indoor odors, Material emissions, Perceived indoor air quality, Volatile organic compounds,
• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• konstrukční materiály analýza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• odoranty analýza   MeSH
• těkavé organické sloučeniny analýza   MeSH
• znečištění vzduchu ve vnitřním prostředí analýza   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• těkavé organické sloučeniny MeSH

BACKGROUND: Bark beetles are major pests of conifer forests, and their behavior is primarily mediated via olfaction. Targeting the odorant receptors (ORs) may thus provide avenues towards improved pest control. Such an approach requires information on the function of ORs and their interactions with ligands, which is also essential for understanding the functional evolution of these receptors. Hence, we aimed to identify a high-quality complement of ORs from the destructive spruce bark beetle Ips typographus (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) and analyze their antennal expression and phylogenetic relationships with ORs from other beetles. Using 68 biologically relevant test compounds, we next aimed to functionally characterize ecologically important ORs, using two systems for heterologous expression. Our final aim was to gain insight into the ligand-OR interaction of the functionally characterized ORs, using a combination of computational and experimental methods. RESULTS: We annotated 73 ORs from an antennal transcriptome of I. typographus and report the functional characterization of two ORs (ItypOR46 and ItypOR49), which are responsive to single enantiomers of the common bark beetle pheromone compounds ipsenol and ipsdienol, respectively. Their responses and antennal expression correlate with the specificities, localizations, and/or abundances of olfactory sensory neurons detecting these enantiomers. We use homology modeling and molecular docking to predict their binding sites. Our models reveal a likely binding cleft lined with residues that previously have been shown to affect the responses of insect ORs. Within this cleft, the active ligands are predicted to specifically interact with residues Tyr84 and Thr205 in ItypOR46. The suggested importance of these residues in the activation by ipsenol is experimentally supported through site-directed mutagenesis and functional testing, and hydrogen bonding appears key in pheromone binding. CONCLUSIONS: The emerging insight into ligand binding in the two characterized ItypORs has a general importance for our understanding of the molecular and functional evolution of the insect OR gene family. Due to the ecological importance of the characterized receptors and widespread use of ipsenol and ipsdienol in bark beetle chemical communication, these ORs should be evaluated for their potential use in pest control and biosensors to detect bark beetle infestations.

• Klíčová slova
• Deorphanization, Functional evolution, HEK293 cells, Odorant receptor, Pest insect, Pheromone receptor, Xenopus oocyte,
• MeSH
• hmyzí proteiny chemie   genetika   MeSH
• ligandy MeSH
• nosatcovití chemie   genetika   MeSH
• receptory pachové chemie   genetika   MeSH
• vazebná místa MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• hmyzí proteiny MeSH
• ligandy MeSH
• receptory pachové MeSH

The Mediterranean fruit fly (or medfly), Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann; Diptera: Tephritidae), is a serious pest of agriculture worldwide, displaying a very wide larval host range with more than 250 different species of fruit and vegetables. Olfaction plays a key role in the invasive potential of this species. Unfortunately, the pheromone communication system of the medfly is complex and still not well established. In this study, we report the isolation of chemicals emitted by sexually mature individuals during the "calling" period and the electrophysiological responses that these compounds elicit on the antennae of male and female flies. Fifteen compounds with electrophysiological activity were isolated and identified in male emissions by gas chromatography coupled to electroantennography (GC-EAG). Within the group of 15 identified compounds, 11 elicited a response in antennae of both sexes, whilst 4 elicited a response only in female antennae. The binding affinity of these compounds, plus 4 additional compounds known to be behaviourally active from other studies, was measured using C. capitata OBP, CcapOBP83a-2. This OBP has a high homology to Drosophila melanogaster OBPs OS-E and OS-F, which are associated with trichoid sensilla and co-expressed with the well-studied Drosophila pheromone binding protein LUSH. The results provide evidence of involvement of CcapOBP83a-2 in the medfly's odorant perception and its wider specificity for (E,E)-α-farnesene, one of the five major compounds in medfly male pheromone emission. This represents the first step in the clarification of the C. capitata and pheromone reception pathway, and a starting point for further studies aimed towards the creation of new powerful attractants or repellents applicable in the actual control strategies.

• Klíčová slova
• Binding studies, Ceratitis capitata, Electroantennography, Fluorescence displacement, GC–EAG, Medfly, Odorant binding protein, Olfaction, Pheromone, Pheromone binding protein, Protein expression,
• MeSH
• Ceratitis capitata metabolismus   fyziologie   MeSH
• čich fyziologie   MeSH
• elektrofyziologické jevy MeSH
• feromony izolace a purifikace   fyziologie   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• receptory pachové fyziologie   MeSH
• sekvence aminokyselin MeSH
• sexuální faktory MeSH
• tykadla členovců MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• feromony MeSH
• odorant-binding protein MeSH Prohlížeč
• receptory pachové MeSH