Effectiveness of the policy measures against the COVID-19 pandemic is reduced by spread of conspiracy theories. Moreover, conspiracy theories induce opposition to vaccines. The text shows that increased occurrence of conspiracy theories is a typical public reaction to a disaster and describes some of the mechanisms contributing to susceptibility to conspiracy explanations on the individual as well as societal level.

• Klíčová slova
• Pandemics, catastrophe, conspiracy theories, coronavirus, medical psychology, pandemic,
• MeSH
• COVID-19 * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pandemie * prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Despite the international guidelines on the containment of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the European scientific community was not sufficiently prepared to coordinate scientific efforts. To improve preparedness for future pandemics, we have initiated a network of nine European-funded Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Actions that can help facilitate inter-, multi-, and trans-disciplinary communication and collaboration.

• Klíčová slova
• COST Actions, COVID-19, interdisciplinary network, pandemic,
• MeSH
• biomedicínský výzkum organizace a řízení   MeSH
• COVID-19 virologie   MeSH
• komunikace MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pandemie MeSH
• pracovníci laboratoře MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 genetika   fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

• MeSH
• charakteristiky rodiny * MeSH
• COVID-19 * MeSH
• kontrola růstu populace * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pandemie * MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
• zranitelné populace MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Pandemics as health and humanitarian crises have exerted traceable impacts on food security. Almost all past and current pandemics have created a food crisis that affects a share of the global population and threaten global food security. With the more frequent outbreaks of emerging and re-emerging diseases or pandemics, this paper looks at the various types of impacts from the current coronavirus crisis and past pandemics to identify their major impact on food security. SCOPE: To this effect, key strategies that could be put in place to ensure the efficient resilience of food systems before, during, and after the pandemics to mitigate the negative impact of the pandemics on global food security are recommended. The most recent effects of the current coronavirus crisis have been disruptions in the flow of farm labourers and inefficient farm operations leading to postharvest food losses. KEY FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS: Modification of diets between social groups has also been observed. Future response orientations to prevent and mitigate the effects of pandemics on food security will consider pro-active and adapted policy, program, and institutional actions towards the systemic development of global food systems as an interconnected network.

• Klíčová slova
• Covid-19, Food security, Food system, Pandemic, Policy, Resilience, Response,
• MeSH
• COVID-19 * epidemiologie   MeSH
• epidemický výskyt choroby MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pandemie prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
• zajištění potravin MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic imposed fundamental changes in the field of surgery. Reorganization was made in order to adequately treat the patients during the pandemic. WALANT (Wide Awake Local Anesthesia No Tourniquet) approach was found to be a very convenient method in facilitating continuity in hand surgery with limited staff. A retrospective comparative study was performed between period of April 2020 till September 2021 at our clinic to evaluate advantages of WALANT approach. This study included 136 patients, from which 72 (53%) were operated with WALANT, compared to the control group of 64 (47%) patients without WALANT. Average hospital stay for the WALANT group was 2.2 days vs. 4.7 days for the control group. Average operating room personnel were 3.8 for WALANT and 6.2 for the control non-WALANT group. Intraoperative and postoperative VAS (visual analogue scale) score was evaluated. Due to its diversity, low cost and low complication rate, we recommend WALANT approach in acute and elective hand surgery.

• Klíčová slova
• COVID-19, Hand surgery, Hand trauma, WALANT,
• MeSH
• COVID-19 * epidemiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lokální anestezie metody   MeSH
• pandemie * MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• ruka chirurgie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

OBJECTIVES: This article describes and comments on contemporary legal regulations concerning the supply of medicines during pandemics in terms of public procurement. METHODS: Suggestions are made for removing existing legislative shortcomings, clarifying the diction of existing laws or rendering precision to legal regulation of public procurement given purchases of medicines during periods of imminent threats of pandemics and duration of pandemics. RESULTS: The author reflects on improving legislation concerning the lack of clarity and the doubts concerning the contemporary legal order of the Czech Republic, with reference to speeding up and simplifying public procurement procedures for incident-free purchases of necessary medicines in time of pandemic crisis situation and then effectively supporting the struggle against any pandemic infection. CONCLUSION: The issues raised should be addressed since better legislation can significantly contribute to the containment of pandemics and their consequences for individual and public health.

• Klíčová slova
• legal causes of systemic shortcomings, medicines, negotiated procedure without prior publication, pandemic, public procurement,
• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pandemie zákonodárství a právo   MeSH
• veřejné zdravotnictví zákonodárství a právo   MeSH
• zdravotnické prostředky zásobování a distribuce   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Currently, there is an alarming increase in food insecurity during the COVID-19 pandemic in many countries throughout the world. This will be seen particularly in the countries of the Global South (developing countries). Many countries are trying to show efforts to keep agriculture, food industry and markets running, the supply chains and access to the markets and affordable food is still not secured. Disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic are going to/or already have affected the poor and other marginalised groups, mainly those with less purchasing power. It is necessary to mitigate the pandemic's impacts across the food system, enhance the resilience of food systems and avoid any potential food shortages. Therefore, this paper provides an overview of past pandemics and tries to synthesise the main lessons learned from these while also outlining visions of post-COVID-19 agriculture and the effects on food security.

• Klíčová slova
• Agriculture, COVID-19, Food security, Pandemics, Resilience,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

COVID-19 pandemics places extreme demands on healthcare workers. Mental health support is supposed to be an indispensable part of complex care for workers for the sake of their adequate professional performance and prevention of psychological disturbances and psychiatric disorders. The most common problems connected with hard work conditions are reviewed and specific techniques to deal with acute stress are presented.

• Klíčová slova
• COVID-19, health professionals, healthcare workers, mental disorders, mental health, mindfulness, prevention, psychiatric disorders, stress, treatment,
• MeSH
• COVID-19 * MeSH
• duševní zdraví MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pandemie * prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
• zdravotnický personál MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The twenty-first century has witnessed some of the deadliest viral pandemics with far-reaching consequences. These include the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) (1981), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) (2002), Influenza A virus subtype H1N1 (A/H1N1) (2009), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) (2012) and Ebola virus (2013) and the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) (2019-present). Age- and gender-based characterizations suggest that SARS-CoV-2 resembles SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV with regard tohigher fatality rates in males, and in the older population with comorbidities. The invasion-mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV, involves binding of its spike protein with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors; MERS-CoV utilizes dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), whereas H1N1 influenza is equipped with hemagglutinin protein. The viral infections-mediated immunomodulation, and progressive inflammatory state may affect the functions of several other organs. Although no effective commercial vaccine is available for any of the viruses, those against SARS-CoV-2 are being developed at an unprecedented speed. Until now, only Pfizer/BioNTech's vaccine has received temporary authorization from the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency. Given the frequent emergence of viral pandemics in the 21st century, proper understanding of their characteristics and modes of action are essential to address the immediate and long-term health consequences.

• Klíčová slova
• COVID-19, Ebola, HIV, SARS-CoV-2, influenza,
• MeSH
• COVID-19 MeSH
• dějiny 20. století MeSH
• dějiny 21. století MeSH
• HIV MeSH
• komorbidita MeSH
• koronavirus MERS MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pandemie dějiny   MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
• veřejné zdravotnictví MeSH
• virové nemoci epidemiologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• virus chřipky A, podtyp H1N1 MeSH
• virus Ebola MeSH
• virus SARS MeSH
• Check Tag
• dějiny 20. století MeSH
• dějiny 21. století MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• historické články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

The COVID-19 pandemic has killed millions across the globe and government responses have led to tens of millions of jobs lost. This paper combines the SIR epidemic model with a frictional labor market to examine the interaction between infection, wages and unemployment. The labor market is not efficient during the pandemic. Optimal policies show that it is often optimal to shut down businesses and impose a quarantine before the pandemic peaks. A quarantine itself is not enough, however, and must be complemented by additional policies. The policies are not unique and include a Pigouvian "infection tax" on those infected, a tax on susceptible individuals, higher unemployment benefits and a tax on vacancy creation. All policies are state dependent and depend both on the number of unemployed and on the number of infected.

• Klíčová slova
• COVID-19, Labor market, Mortensen-Pissarides, SIR,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH