• Klíčová slova
• Vie Scope®, difficult intubation, parallel technique,
• MeSH
• intratracheální intubace metody   MeSH
• laryngoskopie metody   MeSH
• laryngoskopy * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• dopisy MeSH
• komentáře MeSH

In MRI applications where short acquisition time is necessary, the increase of acquisition speed is often at the expense of image resolution and SNR. In such cases, the newly developed parallel acquisition techniques could provide images without mentioned limitations and in reasonably shortened measurement time. A newly designed eight-channel head coil array (i-PAT coil) allowing for parallel acquisition of independently reconstructed images (GRAPPA mode) has been tested for its applicability in neuroradiology. Image homogeneity was tested in standard phantom and healthy volunteers. BOLD signal changes were studied in a group of six volunteers using finger tapping stimulation. Phantom studies revealed an important drop of signal even after the use of a normalization filter in the center of the image and an important increase of artifact power with reduction of measurement time strongly depending on the combination of acceleration parameters. The additional application of a parallel acquisition technique such as GRAPPA decreases measurement time in the range of about 30%, but further reduction is often possible only at the expense of SNR. This technique performs best in conditions in which imaging speed is important, such as CE MRA, but time resolution still does not allow the acquisition of angiograms separating the arterial and venous phase. Significantly larger areas of BOLD activation were found using the i-PAT coil compared to the standard head coil. Being an eight-channel surface coil array, peripheral cortical structures profit from high SNR as high-resolution imaging of small cortical dysplasias and functional activation of cortical areas imaged by BOLD contrast. In BOLD contrast imaging, susceptibility artifacts are reduced, but only if an appropriate combination of acceleration parameters is used.

• MeSH
• artefakty MeSH
• diethylentriaminpentaacetát gadolinia MeSH
• fantomy radiodiagnostické MeSH
• kontrastní látky MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční angiografie metody   MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie přístrojové vybavení   metody   MeSH
• mozek krevní zásobení   fyziologie   MeSH
• trombóza nitrolebních žilních splavů diagnóza   patofyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• diethylentriaminpentaacetát gadolinia MeSH
• kontrastní látky MeSH

The approach of using more than one processor to compute in order to overcome the complexity of different medical imaging methods that make up an overall job is known as GPU (graphic processing unit)-based parallel processing. It is extremely important for several medical imaging techniques such as image classification, object detection, image segmentation, registration, and content-based image retrieval, since the GPU-based parallel processing approach allows for time-efficient computation by a software, allowing multiple computations to be completed at once. On the other hand, a non-invasive imaging technology that may depict the shape of an anatomy and the biological advancements of the human body is known as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Implementing GPU-based parallel processing approaches in brain MRI analysis with medical imaging techniques might be helpful in achieving immediate and timely image capture. Therefore, this extended review (the extension of the IWBBIO2023 conference paper) offers a thorough overview of the literature with an emphasis on the expanding use of GPU-based parallel processing methods for the medical analysis of brain MRIs with the imaging techniques mentioned above, given the need for quicker computation to acquire early and real-time feedback in medicine. Between 2019 and 2023, we examined the articles in the literature matrix that include the tasks, techniques, MRI sequences, and processing results. As a result, the methods discussed in this review demonstrate the advancements achieved until now in minimizing computing runtime as well as the obstacles and problems still to be solved in the future.

• Klíčová slova
• GPU, MRI, parallel processing, review,
• MeSH
• algoritmy * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie metody   MeSH
• mozek MeSH
• počítačová grafika * MeSH
• počítačové zpracování obrazu metody   MeSH
• software MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Functional and structural adjustments of plants in response to environmental factors, including those occurring in alpine habitats, can result in transient acclimation, plastic phenotypic adjustments and/or heritable adaptation. To unravel repeatedly selected traits with potential adaptive advantage, we studied parallel (ecotypic) and non-parallel (regional) differentiation in leaf traits in alpine and foothill ecotypes of Arabidopsis arenosa. Leaves of plants from eight alpine and eight foothill populations, representing three independent alpine colonization events in different mountain ranges, were investigated by microscopy techniques after reciprocal transplantation. Most traits clearly differed between the foothill and the alpine ecotype, with plastic adjustments to the local environment. In alpine populations, leaves were thicker, with altered proportions of palisade and spongy parenchyma, and had fewer trichomes, and chloroplasts contained large starch grains with less stacked grana thylakoids compared to foothill populations. Geographical origin had no impact on most traits except for trichome and stomatal density on abaxial leaf surfaces. The strong parallel, heritable ecotypic differentiation in various leaf traits and the absence of regional effects suggests that most of the observed leaf traits are adaptive. These trait shifts may reflect general trends in the adaptation of leaf anatomy associated with the colonization of alpine habitats.

• Klíčová slova
• adaptation, alpine environment, ecotype, leaf anatomy, parallel evolution,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The paper describes a novel control strategy for simultaneous manipulation of several microscale particles over a planar microelectrode array using dielectrophoresis. The approach is based on a combination of numerical nonlinear optimization, which gives a systematic computational procedure for finding the voltages applied to the individual electrodes, and exploitation of the intrinsic noise, which compensates for the loss of controllability when two identical particles are exposed to identical forces. Although interesting on its own, the proposed functionality can also be seen as a preliminary achievement in a quest for a technique for separation of two particles. The approach is tested experimentally with polystyrene beads (50 microns in diameter) immersed in deionized water on a flat microelectrode array with parallel electrodes. A digital camera and computer vision algorithm are used to measure the positions. Two distinguishing features of the proposed control strategy are that the range of motion is not limited to interelectrode gaps and that independent manipulation of several particles simultaneously is feasible even on a simple microelectrode array.

• Klíčová slova
• Dielectrophoresis, Feedback control, Micromanipulation, Parallel manipulation, Visual feedback,
• MeSH
• algoritmy MeSH
• design vybavení MeSH
• elektrody MeSH
• elektroforéza metody   MeSH
• hluk MeSH
• mikromanipulace přístrojové vybavení   metody   MeSH
• mikrosféry MeSH
• počítačové zpracování signálu přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• teoretické modely MeSH
• zpětná vazba * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

The new microextraction technique named parallel artificial liquid membrane extraction (PALME) was introduced as an alternative approach to liquid-liquid extraction of charged analytes from aqueous samples. The concept is based on extraction of analytes across a supported liquid membrane sustained in the pores of a thin polymeric membrane, a well-known extraction principle also used in hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction (HF-LPME). However, the new PALME technique offers a more user-friendly setup in which the supported liquid membrane is incorporated in a 96 well plate system. Thus, high-throughput is achievable, in addition to the green chemistry offered by using PALME. The consumption of organic solvent is minimized to 3-5μL per sample. With a sample volume of 250μL and acceptor solution volume of 50μL, a maximal enrichment factor of five is achievable. Based on these parameters, a new method for extraction of polar basic drugs was developed in the present work. The basic drugs hydralazine, ephedrine, metaraminol, salbutamol, and cimetidine were used as model analytes, and were extracted from alkalized human plasma into an aqueous solution via the supported liquid membrane. The extraction was promoted by a carrier dissolved in the membrane, creating a temporary ion-pair complex between the hydrophilic drug and the carrier. As the model analytes were extracted directly into an aqueous solution, there was no need for evaporation of the extract before injection into LC-MS. Hence, the sample preparation is performed in one step. With optimized conditions, the extraction recoveries were in the range 50-89% from human plasma after 45min extraction. The data from the method evaluation were satisfactory and in line with current guidelines, and revealed an extraction method with substantial potential for high throughput bioanalysis of polar basic drugs.

• Klíčová slova
• Carrier-mediated transport, Microextraction, PALME, Parallel artificial liquid membrane extraction, Supported liquid membrane,
• MeSH
• chromatografie kapalinová metody   MeSH
• extrakce kapalina-kapalina metody   MeSH
• hmotnostní spektrometrie metody   MeSH
• léčivé přípravky krev   chemie   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• limita detekce MeSH
• lineární modely MeSH
• membrány umělé * MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• léčivé přípravky MeSH
• membrány umělé * MeSH

OBJECTIVES: Direct genotyping of adenovirus or enterovirus from clinical material using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by Sanger sequencing is often difficult due to the presence of multiple virus types in a sample, or due to varying efficacy of PCR amplifying the capsid gene on the background of foreign nucleic acids. Here we present a simple protocol for virus genotyping using massive parallel amplicon sequencing. METHODS: The protocol utilized a set of 16 tailed degenerate primers flanking the seventh hypervariable region of the adenovirus hexon gene and 9 tailed degenerate primers targeted to the proximal portion of the enterovirus VP1 gene. Subsequent addition of dual indices enabled simultaneous sequencing of 384 different samples on an Illumina MiSeq instrument. Downstream bioinformatic analysis was based on remapping to a set of references representative of the presently known repertoire of virus types. RESULTS: After validation with known virus types, the sequencing method was applied on 301 adenovirus-positive samples and 350 enterovirus-positive samples from a longitudinally collected series of stools from 83 children aged 3 to 36 months. We detected 7 different adenovirus types and 27 different enterovirus types. There were 37 (6.2%) samples containing more than one genotype of the same viral genus. At least one dual infection was experienced by 23 of 83 (28%) of the children observed over the 3 years' observation period. CONCLUSIONS: Amplicon sequencing with a multiplex set of degenerate primers seems to be a rapid and reliable technical solution for genotyping of large collections of samples where simultaneous infections with multiple strains can be expected.

• Klíčová slova
• adenovirus, enterovirus, genotype, infants, massive parallel sequencing, virus type,
• MeSH
• Adenoviridae klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• adenovirové infekce virologie   MeSH
• DNA primery genetika   MeSH
• enterovirové infekce virologie   MeSH
• Enterovirus klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• genotyp * MeSH
• genotypizační techniky metody   MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• longitudinální studie MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA metody   MeSH
• výpočetní biologie MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• hodnotící studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Norsko MeSH
• Názvy látek
• DNA primery MeSH

A device with four parallel channels was designed and manufactured by 3D printing in titanium. A simple experimental setup allowed splitting of the mobile phase in four parallel streams, such that a single sample could be analysed four times simultaneously. The four capillary channels were filled with a monolithic stationary phase, prepared using a zwitterionic functional monomer in combination with various dimethacrylate cross-linkers. The resulting stationary phases were applicable in both reversed-phase and hydrophilic-interaction retention mechanisms. The mobile-phase composition was optimized by means of a window diagram so as to obtain the highest possible resolution of dopamine precursors and metabolites on all columns. Miniaturized electrochemical detectors with carbon fibres as working electrodes and silver micro-wires as reference electrodes were integrated in the device at the end of each column. Experimental separations were successfully compared with those predicted by a three-parameter retention model. Finally, dopamine was determined in human urine to further confirm applicability of the developed device.

• Klíčová slova
• 3D printing, Dopamine metabolism, Electrochemical detection, Multi-channel device, Polymer monoliths, Titanium,
• MeSH
• chromatografie kapalinová přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• design vybavení MeSH
• dopamin moč   MeSH
• hydrofobní a hydrofilní interakce MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikroelektrody MeSH
• mikrofluidní analytické techniky přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• titan MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• dopamin MeSH
• titan MeSH

PURPOSE: A chronically-occluded stent during a pelvic vein recanalization attempt was crossed extraluminally to create a new channel to bypass the affected segment after conventional methods failed. CASE REPORT: A 55-year-old male patient presented with recurrent acute deep vein thrombosis superimposed on a chronically-occluded older stent type 25 years after primary endovascular treatment. During the procedure, we used an unusual technique with extraluminal parallel stent insertion. Another recurrence 2.5 years later was treated with pharmacomechanical thrombectomy and stenting. CONCLUSION: Recanalization of venous stent occlusions often requires advanced techniques. The presented technique could be considered as an alternative approach in difficult cases. However, the level of reproducibility is currently unknown due to the lack of further data.Clinical ImpactVenous obstruction can manifest with chronic symptoms that affect daily activities and might cause severe disability. Advanced endovascular recanalization techniques have potential to improve quality of life in cases where other methods failed.

• Klíčová slova
• May-Thurner syndrome, chronic venous occlusion, deep vein thrombosis, recanalization, stent, thrombolysis,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

This paper focuses on a novel methodology of subjective speech quality measurement and repeatability of its results between laboratory conditions and simulated environmental conditions. A single set of speech samples was distorted by various background noises and low bit-rate coding techniques. This study aimed to compare results of subjective speech quality tests with and without a parallel task deploying the ITU-T P.835 methodology. Afterward, tests results performed with and without a parallel task were compared using Pearson correlation, CI95, and numbers of opposite pair-wise comparisons. The tests show differences in results in the case of a parallel task.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hluk * MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• percepce řeči fyziologie   MeSH
• plnění a analýza úkolů * MeSH
• řeč fyziologie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• srozumitelnost řeči * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH