system analysis
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It was shown that dysregulation of the cardiovascular system plays an important role in the development of arterial hypertension. Sympathetic drive can be increased mainly in cases of borderline and essential hypertension. The rise in sympathetic activity is not well balanced by the adequate increase in parasympathetic activity, even the PS tone is diminished. Relative sympathotony can occur beside the absolute sympathotony due to the decrease in the PS tone with normal or quantitatively less diminished sympathetic drive. The cause of the ANS activity dysbalance remains unknown. Probably there exist disorders of generator and modulator activities in higher levels of CNS, baroreceptor regulation and other peripheral (humoral and other) mechanisms. Adequate and appropriate recording of different cardiovascular parameters mainly during activation of ANS by maneuvers (orthostasis, Valsalva, etc.) is necessary. Beat-to-beat registrations of blood pressure (e.g. by Penáz method FINAPRES), heart rate (RR intervals) are necessary for the evaluation of short term blood pressure and heart rate fluctuations. Important information about S/PS activities and the balance in heart rate regulation can be achieved by spectral and non-linear analysis of the HR variability. Regular physical aerobic exercise increases the parasympathetic tone and is beneficial for restoration of the disordered S/PS balance in young hypertonics. It can be used as non-pharmacological treatment of arterial hypertension.
BACKGROUND: Androgen-receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSIs) significantly improve survival in systemic therapy for advanced/metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) patients; however possible central nervous system (CNS) toxicity is an unaddressed concern. We aimed to assess and compare the incidence of CNS-related adverse events (AEs) secondary to the treatment of PCa patients with different ARSIs. MATERIALS: In August 2023, a comprehensive seach was conducted in three databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of PCa patients receiving ARSIs plus ADT. The primary endpoints included mental impairment, cognitive impairment, seizure, fatigue, and falls. RESULTS: Twenty-six RCTs, comprising 20,328 patients, were included in meta-analyses and network meta-analyses (NMAs). ARSIs increased the risk of mental impairment (RR: 1.72; 95% CI, 1.09-2.71), cognitive impairment (RR: 2.25; 95% CI, 1.78-2.86), seizure (RR: 2.20, 95% CI, 1.09-4.45), fatigue (RR: 1.31, 95% CI, 1.20-1.43), and falls (RR: 2.07, 95% CI, 1.60-2.67) compared to standard of care (SOC). Based on NMAs, Enzalutamide showed a significant increase in risk for all assessed CNS-related AEs, while Abiraterone demonstrated significant risk increases in cognitive impairment, fatigue, and falls. Conversely, Darolutamide did not exhibit significant increases in risk for any CNS-related AEs, except for fatigue. CONCLUSIONS: The addition of ARSIs to ADT increased all examined CNS-related AEs compared to SOC. Each ARSI is associated with a distinct profile of CNS-related AEs. Careful patient selection and monitoring for CNS sequelae is necessary to achieve the best quality of life in patients on ARSI + ADT for PCa.
- Klíčová slova
- ARSI, Central Nervous System, Meta-analysis, Network Meta-analysis, Prostate Cancer,
- MeSH
- antagonisté androgenních receptorů * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory prostaty * farmakoterapie MeSH
- nemoci centrálního nervového systému * chemicky indukované epidemiologie MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie jako téma MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- síťová metaanalýza MeSH
- systematický přehled MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antagonisté androgenních receptorů * MeSH
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Patients with synucleinopathies such as multiple system atrophy (MSA) and Parkinson's disease (PD) frequently display speech and language abnormalities. We explore the diagnostic potential of automated linguistic analysis of natural spontaneous speech to differentiate MSA and PD. METHODS: Spontaneous speech of 39 participants with MSA compared to 39 drug-naive PD and 39 healthy controls matched for age and sex was transcribed and linguistically annotated using automatic speech recognition and natural language processing. A quantitative analysis was performed using 6 lexical and syntactic and 2 acoustic features. Results were compared with human-controlled analysis to assess the robustness of the approach. Diagnostic accuracy was evaluated using sensitivity analysis. RESULTS: Despite similar disease duration, linguistic abnormalities were generally more severe in MSA than in PD, leading to high diagnostic accuracy with an area under the curve of 0.81. Compared to controls, MSA showed decreased grammatical component usage, more repetitive phrases, shorter sentences, reduced sentence development, slower articulation rate, and increased duration of pauses, whereas PD had only shorter sentences, reduced sentence development, and longer pauses. Only slower articulation rate was distinctive for MSA while unchanged for PD relative to controls. The highest correlation was found between bulbar/pseudobulbar clinical score and sentence length (r = -0.49, p = 0.002). Despite the relatively high severity of dysarthria in MSA, a strong agreement between manually and automatically computed results was achieved. DISCUSSION: Automated linguistic analysis may offer an objective, cost-effective, and widely applicable biomarker to differentiate synucleinopathies with similar clinical manifestations.
- Klíčová slova
- Automated linguistic analysis, Language, Multiple system atrophy, Natural language processing, Spontaneous discourse,
- MeSH
- diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- multisystémová atrofie * diagnóza komplikace MeSH
- Parkinsonova nemoc * diagnóza komplikace MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- zpracování přirozeného jazyka * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: Human Syncytin-1 is a placentally-expressed cell surface glycoprotein of retroviral origin. After interaction with ASCT2, its cellular receptor, Syncytin-1 triggers cell-cell fusion and formation of a multinuclear syncytiotrophoblast layer of the placenta. The ASCT2 receptor is a multi-spanning membrane protein containing a protruding extracellular part called region C, which has been suggested to be a retrovirus docking site. Precise identification of the interaction site between ASCT2 and Syncytin-1 is challenging due to the complex structure of ASCT2 protein and the background of endogenous ASCT2 gene in the mammalian genome. Chicken cells lack the endogenous background and, therefore, can be used to set up a system with surrogate expression of the ASCT2 receptor. RESULTS: We have established a retroviral heterologous chicken system for rapid and reliable assessment of ectopic human ASCT2 protein expression. Our dual-fluorescence system proved successful for large-scale screening of mutant ASCT2 proteins. Using this system, we demonstrated that progressive deletion of region C substantially decreased the amount of ASCT2 protein. In addition, we implemented quantitative assays to determine the interaction of ASCT2 with Syncytin-1 at multiple levels, which included binding of the soluble form of Syncytin-1 to ASCT2 on the cell surface and a luciferase-based assay to evaluate cell-cell fusions that were triggered by Syncytin-1. Finally, we restored the envelope function of Syncytin-1 in a replication-competent retrovirus and assessed the infection of chicken cells expressing human ASCT2 by chimeric Syncytin-1-enveloped virus. The results of the quantitative assays showed that deletion of the protruding region C did not abolish the interaction of ASCT2 with Syncytin-1. CONCLUSIONS: We present here a heterologous chicken system for effective assessment of the expression of transmembrane ASCT2 protein and its interaction with Syncytin-1. The system profits from the absence of endogenous ASCT2 background and implements the quantitative assays to determine the ASCT2-Syncytin-1 interaction at several levels. Using this system, we demonstrated that the protruding region C was essential for ASCT2 protein expression, but surprisingly, not for the interaction with Syncytin-1 glycoprotein.
- Klíčová slova
- ASCT2 (SLC1A5), Cell–cell fusion, Envelope glycoprotein, Envelope-receptor interaction, NanoLuc luciferase, Retroviral receptor, Syncytin-1,
- MeSH
- buněčné linie MeSH
- fibroblasty virologie MeSH
- fluorescence MeSH
- genové produkty env genetika metabolismus MeSH
- konfokální mikroskopie MeSH
- kur domácí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- placenta virologie MeSH
- těhotenské proteiny genetika metabolismus MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- transportní systém ASC pro aminokyseliny genetika metabolismus MeSH
- vedlejší histokompatibilní antigeny genetika metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- genové produkty env MeSH
- SLC1A5 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
- syncytin MeSH Prohlížeč
- těhotenské proteiny MeSH
- transportní systém ASC pro aminokyseliny MeSH
- vedlejší histokompatibilní antigeny MeSH
BACKGROUND: The knowledge of cancer burden in the population, its time trends, and the possibility of international comparison is an important starting point for cancer programs. A reliable interactive tool describing cancer epidemiology in children and adolescents has been nonexistent in the Czech Republic until recently. OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study is to develop a new web portal entitled the Czech Childhood Cancer Information System (CCCIS), which would provide information on childhood cancer epidemiology in the Czech Republic. METHODS: Data on childhood cancers have been obtained from the Czech National Cancer Registry. These data were validated using the clinical database of childhood cancer patients and subsequently combined with data from the National Register of Hospitalised Patients and with data from death certificates. These validated data were then used to determine the incidence and survival rates of childhood cancer patients aged 0 to 19 years who were diagnosed in the period 1994 to 2016 (N=9435). Data from death certificates were used to monitor long-term mortality trends. The technical solution is based on the robust PHP development Symfony framework, with the PostgreSQL system used to accommodate the data basis. RESULTS: The web portal has been available for anyone since November 2019, providing basic information for experts (ie, analyses and publications) on individual diagnostic groups of childhood cancers. It involves an interactive tool for analytical reporting, which provides information on the following basic topics in the form of graphs or tables: incidence, mortality, and overall survival. Feedback was obtained and the accuracy of outputs published on the CCCIS portal was verified using the following methods: the validation of the theoretical background and the user testing. CONCLUSIONS: We developed software capable of processing data from multiple sources, which is freely available to all users and makes it possible to carry out automated analyses even for users without mathematical background; a simple selection of a topic to be analyzed is required from the user.
- Klíčová slova
- cancer epidemiology, children, data visualization, software development,
- MeSH
- analýza dat * MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- incidence MeSH
- informační systémy MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- nádory * epidemiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika epidemiologie MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM *, STATISTICS *,
- MeSH
- biometrie * MeSH
- centrální nervový systém * MeSH
- faktorová analýza statistická * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- statistika jako téma * MeSH
- umělá inteligence * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Aerial displaying is a flamboyant part of the sexual behaviour of several volant animal groups, including birds. Nevertheless, little attention has been focused on identifying correlates of large-scale diversity in this trait. In this study, we scored the presence and absence of aerial displays in males of 1732 species of passerine birds (Passeriformes) and employed Bayesian phylogenetically informed mixed models to test for associations between aerial displays and a set of life-history and environmental predictors. Our multi-variate models revealed that species with males that perform aerial displays inhabited open rather than closed (forested) habitats. These species also exhibited higher levels of polygyny, had more elongated wings, migrated over longer distances and bred at higher latitudes. When we included species where the sexual function of displays has not been explicitly described but is likely to occur, we found that aerial displaying was also associated with smaller body size and increased male plumage coloration. Our results suggest that both sexual selection and natural selection have been important sources of selection on aerial displays in passerines.
- Klíčová slova
- gestural displays, motor performance, phylogenetic comparative analysis, sensory drive hypothesis, signalling traits, visual ornaments,
- MeSH
- Bayesova věta MeSH
- ekosystém MeSH
- fenotyp MeSH
- Passeriformes * MeSH
- rozmnožování MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Studying simple chaotic systems with fractional-order derivatives improves modeling accuracy, increases complexity, and enhances control capabilities and robustness against noise. This paper investigates the dynamics of the simple Sprott-B chaotic system using fractional-order derivatives. This study involves a comprehensive dynamical analysis conducted through bifurcation diagrams, revealing the presence of coexisting attractors. Additionally, the synchronization behavior of the system is examined for various derivative orders. Finally, the integer-order and fractional-order electronic circuits are implemented to validate the theoretical findings. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the Sprott-B system and its fractional-order dynamics, with potential applications in diverse fields such as chaos-based secure communications and nonlinear control systems.
- Klíčová slova
- Sprott-B system, circuit implementation, dynamical analysis, fractional order,
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Our previous studies (Valová et al. 1992) have dealt with the possibilities of expert system utilization for electrocardiologic data interpretation. The results obtained in these studies provided evidence that the selected probabilistic expert system is suitable for the solution of VCG data interpretation problems. The aim of this paper was to compare the results obtained by stepwise discriminant analysis with that obtained by a probabilistic expert system. These classification methods were applied to VCG data measured by Frank's lead system. Five groups of patients were investigated: 76 healthy subjects, 36 patients with angina pectoris, 112 patients with old posterior myocardial infarction, 107 patients with old anterior myocardial infarction and 35 patients with old anteroseptal myocardial infarction. The classification was carried out by the leaving-one-out technique. Results of the classification obtained in five groups by a probabilistic expert system are evidently better than those obtained by stepwise discriminant analysis.
- MeSH
- angina pectoris diagnóza MeSH
- diskriminační analýza * MeSH
- expertní systémy * MeSH
- infarkt myokardu diagnóza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pravděpodobnost * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
In this paper, we describe a strategy for the development of a genetic analysis comprehensive representation. The primary intention is to ensure the available utilization of genetic analysis results in clinical practice. The system is called Personnel Genetic Card (PGC), and it is developed in cooperation of CIIRC CTU in Prague and the Mediware company. Nowadays, genetic information is more and more part of medicine and life quality services (e.g. nutritional consulting). Therefore, there is necessary to bind genetic information with the clinical phenotype, such as drug metabolism or intolerance to various substances. We proposed a structured form of the record, where we utilize the LOINC® standard to identify genetic test parameters, and several terminology databases for representing specific genetic information (e.g. HGNC, NCBI RefSeq, NCBI dbNSP, HGVS). Further, there are also several knowledge databases (PharmGKB, SNPedia, ClinVar) that collect interpretation for genetic analysis results. In the results of this paper, we describe our idea in the structure and process perspective. The structural perspective includes the representation of the analysis record and its binding with the interpretations. The process perspective describes roles and activities within the PGC system use.
- Klíčová slova
- eHealth, genetic analysis, information system, standards, terminology,
- MeSH
- databáze genetické MeSH
- fenotyp MeSH
- genetické testování * MeSH
- Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes MeSH
- osobní údaje * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
