Sex differences in methamphetamine pharmacokinetics in adult rats and its transfer to pups through the placental membrane and breast milk
Language English Country Ireland Media print-electronic
Document type Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PubMed
24726427
DOI
10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.03.023
PII: S0376-8716(14)00799-6
Knihovny.cz E-resources
- Keywords
- Amphetamine, Breast feeding milk, Mass spectrometry., Methamphetamine, Pharmacokinetics, Sex differences,
- MeSH
- Amphetamine analysis blood pharmacokinetics MeSH
- Rats MeSH
- Methamphetamine analysis blood pharmacokinetics MeSH
- Milk chemistry MeSH
- Brain Chemistry MeSH
- Placenta chemistry MeSH
- Sex Characteristics MeSH
- Rats, Wistar MeSH
- Central Nervous System Stimulants analysis blood pharmacokinetics MeSH
- Pregnancy MeSH
- Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects metabolism MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Rats MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Pregnancy MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Names of Substances
- Amphetamine MeSH
- Methamphetamine MeSH
- Central Nervous System Stimulants MeSH
BACKGROUND: Methamphetamine (METH) abuse is a growing health problem worldwide, and METH use during pregnancy not only endangers the mother's health but also the developing fetus. To provide better insight into these risks, we performed the following experiments. METHOD: First, we investigated how sex influences the pharmacokinetics of METH and amphetamine (AMP) in male and female rats. Subsequently, we simulated chronic exposure of prenatal infants to METH abuse by investigating brain and plasma levels of METH and AMP in dams and pups. Finally, we modeled chronic exposure of infants to METH via breast milk and investigated sex differences in pups with regard to drug levels and possible sensitization effect of chronic prenatal METH co-treatment. RESULTS: We observed significantly higher levels of METH and AMP in the plasma and brain of female rats compared to males. Additionally, brain concentrations of METH and AMP in pups exposed to METH prenatally were equivalent to 62.13% and 37.78% relative to dam, respectively. Plasma concentrations of AMP where equivalent to 100% of the concentration in dams, while METH was equivalent to only 36.98%. Finally, we did not observe a significant effect relative to sex with regard to METH/AMP levels or sensitization effects linked to prenatal METH exposure. CONCLUSION: We demonstrated that female rats display higher levels of METH and AMP, thus indicating a greater risk of addiction and toxicity. Furthermore, our data show that pups are exposed to both METH and AMP following dam exposure.
Institute of Chemical Technology Technicka 5 Prague 166 28 Czech Republic
Prague Psychiatric Center Ustavni 91 7 Prague 181 00 Czech Republic
References provided by Crossref.org
An overview of the methamphetamine effect on male sexual behavior and reproductive system
The Impact of Neonatal Methamphetamine on Spatial Learning and Memory in Adult Female Rats
Influence of Prenatal Methamphetamine Abuse on the Brain
Prenatal Exposure to Methamphetamine: Up-Regulation of Brain Receptor Genes
Early Postnatal Stress Impairs Cognitive Functions of Male Rats Persisting Until Adulthood
