A tubular microdialysis probe is made from polysulfone hollow fibre for human haemodialysis, which has an inner diameter of 200 μm and a thickness of 20 μm. Milk is deposited to the outer surface of the hollow fibre and allowed to dry to form a dry sample. The tubular probe is then connected to the syringe pump and microdialysis of the dry sample into 0.5 mol/L HCl as acceptor is performed. 2.5 μL of microdialysate is obtained and analyzed for inorganic cations by capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection. Baseline separation of NH4+, K+, Ca2+, Na+, Mg2+, Li+ is achieved in 5.5 mol/L acetic acid as background electrolyte using a fused silica capillary with inner diameter of 25 μm and length of 31.5 cm. The reproducibility of dry sample microdialysis including CE analysis for peak area ranges from 2.4 to 3.9 % after normalization to Li+ as internal standard.
- MeSH
- elektroforéza kapilární * přístrojové vybavení metody MeSH
- kationty * analýza MeSH
- mikrodialýza * přístrojové vybavení metody MeSH
- mléko * chemie MeSH
- skot MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- skot MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- hodnotící studie MeSH
Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors are effective anti-inflammatory agents for treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC).1 According to drug regulatory agencies and international guidelines, JAK inhibitors should be avoided during pregnancy and lactation.2-4 The existing evidence on safety of JAK inhibitors during pregnancy is scarce and almost exclusively limited to tofacitinib.4-7.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- fetální krev * chemie MeSH
- inhibitory Janus kinas terapeutické užití MeSH
- komplikace těhotenství farmakoterapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mateřské mléko * chemie MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- piperidiny * terapeutické užití MeSH
- pyrimidiny * terapeutické užití MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ulcerózní kolitida farmakoterapie krev MeSH
- výsledek těhotenství * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Brucellosis is a zoonosis caused by Brucella, which poses a great threat to human health and animal husbandry. Pathogen surveillance is an important measure to prevent brucellosis, but the traditional method is time-consuming and not suitable for field applications. In this study, a recombinase polymerase amplification-SYBR Green I (RPAS) assay was developed for the rapid and visualized detection of Brucella in the field by targeting BCSP31 gene, a conserved marker. The method was highly specific without any cross-reactivity with other common bacteria and its detection limit was 2.14 × 104 CFU/mL or g of Brucella at 40 °C for 20 min. It obviates the need for costly instrumentation and exhibits robustness towards background interference in serum, meat, and milk samples. In summary, the RPAS assay is a rapid, visually intuitive, and user-friendly detection that is highly suitable for use in resource-limited settings. Its simplicity and ease of use enable swift on-site detection of Brucella, thereby facilitating timely implementation of preventive measures.
- MeSH
- Brucella * genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- brucelóza * diagnóza mikrobiologie MeSH
- DNA bakterií genetika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- limita detekce MeSH
- mléko mikrobiologie MeSH
- rekombinasy * metabolismus genetika MeSH
- senzitivita a specificita MeSH
- skot MeSH
- techniky amplifikace nukleových kyselin * metody MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- skot MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women worldwide. Although dramatically increased survival rates of early diagnosed cases have been observed, late diagnosed patients and metastatic cancer may still be considered fatal. The present study's main focus was on cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) which is an active component of the tumor microenvironment (TME) regulating the breast cancer ecosystem. Transcriptomic profiling and analysis of CAFs isolated from breast cancer skin metastasis, cutaneous basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma unravelled major gene candidates such as IL6, VEGFA and MFGE8 that induced co‐expression of keratins‐8/‐14 in the EM‐G3 cell line derived from infiltrating ductal breast carcinoma. Western blot analysis of selected keratins (keratin‐8, ‐14, ‐18, ‐19) and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition‐associated markers (SLUG, SNAIL, ZEB1, E‐/N‐cadherin, vimentin) revealed specific responses pointing to certain heterogeneity of the studied CAF populations. Experimental in vitro treatment using neutralizing antibodies against IL-6, VEGF‐A and MFGE8 attenuated the modulatory effect of CAFs on EM‐G3 cells. The present study provided novel data in characterizing and understanding the interactions between CAFs and EM‐G3 cells in vitro. CAFs of different origins support the pro‐inflammatory microenvironment and influence the biology of breast cancer cells. This observation potentially holds significant interest for the development of novel, clinically relevant approaches targeting the TME in breast cancer. Furthermore, its implications extend beyond breast cancer and have the potential to impact a wide range of other cancer types.
- MeSH
- antigeny povrchové MeSH
- fibroblasty asociované s nádorem * metabolismus MeSH
- fibroblasty metabolismus MeSH
- keratiny genetika metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- maligní melanom kůže MeSH
- MFC-7 buňky MeSH
- mléčné bílkoviny genetika metabolismus MeSH
- nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
- nádorové mikroprostředí genetika MeSH
- nádory prsu * farmakoterapie genetika metabolismus MeSH
- prognóza MeSH
- transkriptom MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The Cow's Milk-related Symptom Score (CoMiSS) is an awareness tool for evaluating cow's milk-related symptoms. Previous studies have focused on providing CoMiSS values for healthy and symptomatic infants aged 0-6 months. However, there is a notable gap in the literature concerning CoMiSS values for infants older than 6 months. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine CoMiSS values in presumed healthy infants who have completed 6 months and are up to 12 months old, hereafter referred to as 6 to 12 months old. Physicians from six European countries prospectively determined CoMiSS values in infants attending well-child clinics. Exclusion criteria included preterm delivery, acute or chronic disease, and the consumption of a therapeutic formula, dietary supplements (except vitamins), or medication. The following information was collected: gestational age, gender, age, type of feed (breast milk or infant formula), and complementary feeding. Descriptive statistics were summarized with mean and standard deviation for normally distributed continuous variables, median and IQR for non-normally distributed variables, and differences in CoMiSS values were analyzed with appropriate tests. Data from 609 infants were obtained. The overall median (Q1-Q3) CoMiSS values were 3 (1-5). Significant differences were found across age groups (p < 0.001), but not across groups based on gender (p = 0.551) or feeding type (p = 0.880). Conclusions: This study provided CoMiSS values in presumed healthy infants aged 6-12 months. Additional studies should be conducted to establish the use of CoMiSS to assess cow's milk-related symptoms in infants 6 months and older. What is Known: • The Cow's Milk-related Symptom Score (CoMiSS) is an awareness tool for evaluating symptoms related to cow's milk. • CoMiSS values for presumed healthy infants aged 0-6 months infants are already available. What is New: • CoMiSS values in European infants aged 6-12 months are provided. • These CoMiSS values differed across various age groups but not across groups based on gender or feeding type.
- MeSH
- alergeny MeSH
- alergie na mléko * diagnóza MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mateřské mléko MeSH
- mléko * MeSH
- náhražky mateřského mléka MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- skot MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- skot MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The Cow's Milk-related Symptom Score (CoMiSSTM) is a scoring system that reflects the appearance and intensity of symptoms possibly related to consumption of cow's milk. The original tool was recently updated by changing the cut-off, and the stool scale and by adding angioedema. There is no data available regarding the natural evolution of CoMiSS in infants with no cow's milk allergy (no-CMA) or a comparison between original and updated CoMiSS values. We determined the original and the updated CoMiSS in infants not diagnosed with cow's milk allergy. The evolution of CoMiSS during the first year of life was assessed repetitively during predefined check-ups at 1.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 months. The original and updated scores were compared with the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test. We also tested the impact of feeding type, age, gender, and order in the family on the CoMiSS. One hundred and twenty-two infants were included. CoMiSS values during the first year of life showed an inverse relation to age. The difference in CoMiSS between the original and updated versions was significant at 6,8,10, and 12 months (p < 0.001), related to the switch from the Bristol Stool Form Scale to the Brussels Infants and Toddlers Stool Scale (BITSS). The difference between both versions of CoMiSS was not significantly different in infants < 6 months (p = 0.999 at 1.5 and 4 months, and p = 0.586 at 3 months, respectively).Conclusion: CoMiSS decreases with age during the first year of life. While there is no difference between the two CoMiSS versions in healthy infants under 6 months of age, the CoMiSS value in the updated version is lower than the original 1 in infants aged 6 to 12 months. What is known? • The Cow's Milk-related Symptom Score (CoMiSS) is a validated awareness tool for cow's milk allergy (CMA). • A CoMiSS of ≥ 10 indicates a risk for cow's milk allergy. What is new? • The natural evolution of CoMiSS in infants not diagnosed with CMA (no-CMA) shows an inverse relation to age. • There is no difference between the original and the updated CoMiSS versions in no-CMA-infants under six months of age, but the updated CoMiSS is lower in infants 6-12 months than the original one.
- MeSH
- alergie na mléko * diagnóza MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mléko škodlivé účinky MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- hmotnostní křivka MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- kojení * MeSH
- kontraindikace MeSH
- lékové interakce MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mateřské mléko * chemie MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- vývoj dítěte MeSH
- Check Tag
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
As an important source of human food, milk can be a carrier of human pathogenic bacteria, including tuberculous and nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), in its raw and unpasteurized state. In this research, 175 raw milk samples and 175 traditional cheese samples were collected from traditional dairy stores in 22 regions of Tehran in a 9- month period from August 2019 to May 2020. Samples were prepared and transferred to a specialized laboratory, where they were inoculated in Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) medium containing glycerol or sodium pyruvate, as well as Herrold's egg-yolk with and without Mycobactin J. to determine the sample's identity of samples. The recommended 16S rRNA (1436 bp) and hsp65 (644 bp) gene fragments from the positive isolates identified in Ziehl-Neelsen (Z-N) staining were amplified and sequenced using PCR and compared with the sequences of the gene fragments of reference strains available in the global GenBank database. No mycobacterial species were isolated from traditional cheese samples in microbial culture. In case of raw milk samples, a total of four bacteria were collected, all of which were found in the genetic differential testing to be NTM, including n = 1 Mycobacterium heraklionense, n = 2 Mycolicibacterium fortuitum, and n = 1 Mycobacterium thermoresistibile. The analysis of the results obtained by isolate sequencing using the 16S rRNA gene showed higher discriminatory power and percentage similarities in the identification of the isolates than the hsp65 gene.
- MeSH
- atypické mykobakteriální infekce * mikrobiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mléko mikrobiologie MeSH
- netuberkulózní mykobakterie genetika MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S genetika MeSH
- sýr * mikrobiologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Írán MeSH
A novel β-galactosidase gene (PbBgal35A) from Pedobacter sp. CAUYN2 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The gene had an open reading frame of 1917 bp, encoding 638 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 62.3 kDa. The deduced amino acid sequence of the gene shared the highest identity of 41% with a glycoside hydrolase family 35 β-galactosidase from Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (AAP86763.1). The recombinant β-galactosidase (PbBgal35A) was purified to homogeneity with a specific activity of 65.9 U/mg. PbBgal35A was optimally active at pH 5.0 and 50 °C, respectively, and it was stable within pH 4.5‒7.0 and up to 45 °C. PbBgal35A efficiently synthesized galacto-oligosaccharides from lactose with a conversion ratio of 32% (w/w) and fructosyl-galacto-oligosaccharides from lactulose with a conversion ratio of 21.9% (w/w). Moreover, the enzyme catalyzed the synthesis of galacto-oligosaccharides from low-content lactose in fresh milk, and the GOS conversion ratios of 17.1% (w/w) and 7.8% (w/w) were obtained when the reactions were performed at 45 and 4 °C, respectively. These properties make PbBgal35A an ideal candidate for commercial use in the manufacturing of GOS-enriched dairy products.
- MeSH
- bakteriální proteiny genetika metabolismus chemie MeSH
- beta-galaktosidasa * genetika metabolismus chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Escherichia coli genetika metabolismus MeSH
- exprese genu MeSH
- glykosylace MeSH
- klonování DNA * MeSH
- koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
- laktosa * metabolismus MeSH
- mléko mikrobiologie MeSH
- molekulová hmotnost MeSH
- oligosacharidy metabolismus MeSH
- Pedobacter * enzymologie genetika MeSH
- rekombinantní proteiny genetika metabolismus chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- sekvence aminokyselin MeSH
- stabilita enzymů * MeSH
- substrátová specifita MeSH
- teplota MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Úvod: Zlepšenie ľudského zdravia moduláciou mikrobiálnej interakcie počas všetkých fáz života je vyvíjajúci sa koncept, ktorý je čoraz dôležitejší pre spotrebiteľov, výrobcov potravín, odborníkov v oblasti zdravotnej starostlivosti a regulátorov. S rozvojom uvedených poznatkov, vedeckých dôkazov, teórií a hypotéz sa vyvíjali aj „nové“ označenia a definície základných pojmov, ktoré sú dôležité pre systémový pohľad a pochopenie významu a súčasného stavu poznatkov v tejto oblasti. Kontext: Uvádzame recentné definície základných pojmov čiastočne s ich vysvetlením, aby pomohli pediatrom lepšie sa zorientovať v rastúcom počte informácií v oblasti modulácií mikrobioty, ale tiež v rastúcom počte liečiv či výživových doplnkov, ktoré nie vždy uvádzajú relevantné a správne informácie o ich zložení a účinkoch. Viaceré z uvedených pojmov sú niekedy aj komerčne zneužívané. Záver: Pediatri, všeobecní lekári pre deti a dorast spolu s neonatológmi môžu svojimi vedomosťami a radami významne ovplyvňovať výživu novorodencov a dojčiat. K tomu neoddeliteľne patria aj základné informácie o platných definíciách a charakteristike pojmov, ktoré sa v týchto odporúčaniach používajú.
Introduction: Improving human health through the modulation of microbial interaction during all stages of life is an evolving concept that is increasingly important to consumers, food manufacturers, healthcare professionals and regulators. With the development of the aforementioned knowledge, scientific evidence, theories and hypotheses, "new" designations and definitions of basic terms were also developed, which are important for a systemic view and understanding of the meaning and current state of knowledge in this area. Context: We present recent definitions of basic terms, partly with their explanation, to help pediatricians better navigate the growing number of information in the field of microbiota modulation, but also in the growing number of drugs or nutritional supplements that do not always provide relevant and correct information about their composition and effects. Several of the mentioned terms are sometimes also commercially abused. Conclusion: Pediatricians, general practitioners for children and adolescents, together with neonatologists, can significantly influence the nutrition of newborns and infants with their knowledge and advice. Basic information about the valid definitions and characteristics of the terms used in these recommendations is integral to this.
- MeSH
- fyziologie výživy kojenců MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mateřské mléko chemie MeSH
- náhražky mateřského mléka analýza normy MeSH
- oligosacharidy fyziologie metabolismus normy terapeutické užití MeSH
- potravní doplňky * klasifikace normy MeSH
- střevní mikroflóra MeSH
- synbiotika * analýza klasifikace MeSH
- terminologie jako téma MeSH
- Check Tag
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
