BACKGROUND: Bacteria are associated with the gut, fat bodies and reproductive organs of stored product mites (Acari: Astigmata). The mites are pests due to the production of allergens. Addition of antibiotics to diets can help to characterize the association between mites and bacteria. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Ampicillin, neomycin and streptomycin were added to the diets of mites and the effects on mite population growth (Acarus siro, Lepidoglyphus destructor and Tyrophagus putrescentiae) and associated bacterial community structure were assessed. Mites were treated by antibiotic supplementation (1 mg g(-1) of diet) for 21 days and numbers of mites and bacterial communities were analyzed and compared to the untreated control. Bacterial quantities, determined by real-time PCR, significantly decreased in antibiotic treated specimens from 5 to 30 times in A. siro and T. putrescentiae, while no decline was observed in L. destructor. Streptomycin treatment eliminated Bartonella-like bacteria in the both A. siro and T. putrescentiae and Cardinium in T. putrescentiae. Solitalea-like bacteria proportion increased in the communities of neomycin and streptomycin treated A. siro specimens. Kocuria proportion increased in the bacterial communities of ampicillin and streptomycin treated A. siro and neomycin and streptomycin treated L. destructor. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The work demonstrated the changes of mite associated bacterial community under antibiotic pressure in pests of medical importance. Pre-treatment of mites by 1 mg g(-1) antibiotic diets improved mite fitness as indicated accelerated population growth of A. siro pretreated streptomycin and neomycin and L. destructor pretreated by neomycin. All tested antibiotics supplemented to diets caused the decrease of mite growth rate in comparison to the control diet.

Biologically Active Substances in Crop Protection Crop Research Institute Prague Czechia

Epidemiology and Ecology of Microorganisms Crop Research Institute Prague Czechia

Zobrazit více v PubMed

Moran NA (2007) Symbiosis as an adaptive process and source of phenotypic complexity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A. 15 104 Suppl 1 8627–33. PubMed PMC

Morales-Jiménez J, Zúñiga G, Ramírez-Saad HC, Hernández-Rodríguez C (2012) Gut-associated bacteria throughout the life cycle of the bark beetle PubMed

Breznak JA (1982) Intestinal microbiota of termites and other xylophagous insects. Annu Rev Microbiol. 36: 323–43. PubMed

Asselt- van L (1999) Interactions between domestic mites and fungi. Indoor and Built Env. 8: 216–220.

Douglas AE (2009) The microbial dimension in insect nutritional ecology. Functional Ecol. 23: 38–47.

Hay DB, Hart B J, Douglas AE (1993) Effects of the fungus PubMed

Genta FA, Dillon RJ, Terra WR, Ferreira C (2006) Potential role for gut microbiota in cell wall digestion and glucoside detoxification in PubMed

Hughes AM 1976. The mites of stored food and houses. Technical Bulletin of the UK Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, London. 400 p.

Lundgren JG, Lehman RM (2010) Bacterial gut symbionts contribute to seed digestion in an omnivorous beetle. PLoS One 5: e10831. PubMed PMC

Smrz J (2003) Microanatomical and biological aspects of bacterial associations in PubMed

Smrz J, Catska V (2010) Mycophagous mites and their internal associated bacteria cooperate to digest chitin in soil. Symbiosis 52: 33–40.

Zindel R, Ofek M, Minz D, Palevsky E, Zchori-Fein E, et al. (2013) The role of the bacterial community in the nutritional ecology of the bulb mite PubMed

Childs M, Bowman CE (1981) Lysozyme activity in 6 species of economically important astigmatid mites. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 70B: 615–617.

Erban T, Hubert J (2008) Digestive function of lysozyme in synanthropic acaridid mites enables utilization of bacteria as a food source. Exp Appl Acarol 44: 199–212. PubMed

Geest-van LP, Elliot SL, Breeuwer JA, Beerling EA (2000) Diseases of mites. Exp. Appl. Acarol. 24: 497–560. PubMed

Robinson CJ, Schloss P, Ramos Y, Raffa K, Handelsman J (2010) Robustness of the bacterial community in the cabbage white butterfly larval midgut. Microb. Ecol. 59: 199–211. PubMed PMC

Rosengaus RB, Zecher CN, Schultheis KF, Brucker RM, Bordenstein SR (2011) Disruption of the termite gut microbiota and its prolonged consequences for fitness. Appl Environ Microbiol. 77: 4303–12. PubMed PMC

Kafil M, Bandani AR, Kaltenpoth M, Goldansaz SH, Alavi SM (2013) Role of symbiotic bacteria in the growth and development of the Sunn pest, PubMed PMC

Edlund A, Ek K, Breitholtz M, Gorokhova E (2012) Antibiotic-induced change of bacterial communities associated with the copepod PubMed PMC

Greewood D, Whitley R (2003). Mode of action. In Finch R, Greenwood D, Norrby SR, Whitley RJ (ed), Antibiotic and Chemotherapy: Anti-infective Agents and Their Use in Therapy, 8

Hubert J, Dolecková-Maresová L, Hýblová J, Kudlíková I, Stejskal V, et al. (2005) PubMed

Hubert J, Kopecký J, Perotti AM, Nesvorna M, Braig HR, et al. (2012) Detection and identification of species-specific bacteria associated with synanthropic mites. Microbial Ecol 63: 919–928. PubMed

Barbieri E, Paster BJ, Hughes D, Zurek L, Moser DP, et al. (2001) Phylogenetic characterization of epibiotic bacteria in the accessory nidamental gland and egg capsules of the squid PubMed

Wang Q, Garrity GM, Tiedje JM, Cole J R (2007) Naïve Bayesian Classifier for Rapid Assignment of rRNA Sequences into the New Bacterial Taxonomy. Appl Environ Microbiol 73: 5261–5267. PubMed PMC

Schloss PD, Westcott SL, Ryabin T, Hall JR, Hartmann M, et al. (2009) Introducing mothur: open-source, platform-independent, community-supported software for describing and comparing microbial communities. Appl Environ Microbiol. 75: 7537–41. PubMed PMC

Sagova-Mareckova M, Omelka M, Cermak L, Kamenik Z, Olsovska J, et al. (2011) Microbial communities show parallels at sites with distinct litter and soil characteristics. Appl Environ Microbiol. 77: 7560–7. PubMed PMC

Boczek J (1965) Effect of antimicrobial agnets and antibiotics on some stored product mites. Boll. Zool. Agr. Bachic. 7: 299–300.

Boczek J, Czajkowska B (1968) The effect of antimicrobial agents and antibiotics on some stored product mites (Acaroidea). Rocz. Nauk. Roln. 93: 579–612 (in Polish, English abstract)..

Hubert J, Münzbergová Z, Nesvorná M, Poltronieri P, Santino A (2008) Acaricidal effects of natural six-carbon and nine-carbon aldehydes on stored-product mites. Exp Appl Acarol. 44: 315–321. PubMed

Erban T, Nesvorna M, Erbanova M, Hubert J (2009) PubMed

Saleh SM, Keladan NL, Shaker N (1991) Control of European house dust mite

Palyvos NE, Emmanouel NG (2011) Reproduction, survival, and life table parameters of the predatory mite PubMed

Zdarkova E (1998) Biological control of storage mites by

Castagnoli M, Nannelli R, Tarchi F, Simoni S (2006) Screening of astigmatid mites for mass-rearing

Xia B, Zou Z, P Lin (2012) Effect of temperature on development and reproduction of PubMed

Hubert J, Nesvorná M, Ságová-Marečková M, Kopecký J (2012) Shift of bacterial community in synanthropic mite PubMed PMC

Kopecky J, Perotti MA, Nesvorna M, Erban T, Hubert J (2013) PubMed

Kopecký J, Nesvorná M, Hubert J (2014) PubMed

Díaz A, Okabe K, Eckenrode CJ, Villani MG, Oconnor BM (2000) Biology, ecology, and management of the bulb mites of the genus PubMed

Morimoto S, Kurtti TJ, Noda H (2006) PubMed

Koga R, Tsuchida T, Sakurai M, Fukatsu T (2007) Selective elimination of aphid endosymbionts: effects of antibiotic dose and host genotype, and fitness consequences. FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 60: 229–39. PubMed

Billeter SA, Levy MG, Chomel BB, Breitschwerdt EB (2008) Vector transmission of PubMed

Chigita A, Miura K (2005) Detection of ‘ PubMed

Gotoh T, Noda H, Ito S (2007) PubMed

Morag N, Mullens BA, Gottlieb Y (2013) Assessment of survival and body size variation of Culicoides imicola (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) as functions of “Candidatus Cardinium” (Bacteroidetes) infection status. Appl Environ Microbiol. 79: 6260–3. PubMed PMC

Wang JJ, Dong P, Xiao LS, Dou W (2008) Effects of removal of PubMed

Oliwa-Stasiak K, Molnar CI, Arshak K, Bartoszcze M, Adley CC (2010) Development of a PCR assay for identification of the PubMed

Wenzel M, Schönig I, Berchtold M, Kämpfer P, König H (2002) Aerobic and facultatively anaerobic cellulolytic bacteria from the gut of the termite PubMed

Tang VH, Chang BJ, Srinivasan A, Mathaba LT, Harnett GB, et al. (2013) Skin-associated PubMed

Fernández-Caldas E, Iraola V, Boquete M, Nieto A, Casanovas M (2006) Mite immunotherapy. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 6: 413–9. PubMed

Arlian LG, Morgan MS (2011) Immunomodulation of skin cytokine secretion by house dust mite extracts. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 156: 171–8. PubMed PMC

Analysis of the tripartite interactions between two bacterial symbionts, a novel Solitalea-like bacterium (Bacteroidota) and Cardinium, and the stored product mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae based on gene expression data

Environmental Microbiome of Tyrophagus Putrescentiae Culture and Its Changes in Manipulative Experiments

A novel Erwiniaceae gut symbiont modulates gene expression of the intracellular bacterium Cardinium in the stored product mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae

A novel Bartonella-like bacterium forms an interdependent mutualistic symbiosis with its host, the stored-product mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae

Mixta mediterraneensis as a novel and abundant gut symbiont of the allergen-producing domestic mite Blomia tropicalis

Pesticide residue exposure provides different responses of the microbiomes of distinct cultures of the stored product pest mite Acarus siro

The Negative Effects of Feces-Associated Microorganisms on the Fitness of the Stored Product Mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae

Microbial Communities of Stored Product Mites: Variation by Species and Population

Whole genomic sequencing and sex-dependent abundance estimation of Cardinium sp., a common and hyperabundant bacterial endosymbiont of the American house dust mite, Dermatophagoides farinae

Population and Culture Age Influence the Microbiome Profiles of House Dust Mites

The Mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae Hosts Population-Specific Microbiomes That Respond Weakly to Starvation

Detection and localization of Solitalea-like and Cardinium bacteria in three Acarus siro populations (Astigmata: Acaridae)

Populations of Stored Product Mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae Differ in Their Bacterial Communities

Feces Derived Allergens of Tyrophagus putrescentiae Reared on Dried Dog Food and Evidence of the Strong Nutritional Interaction between the Mite and Bacillus cereus Producing Protease Bacillolysins and Exo-chitinases