Tree-killing bark beetles are the most economically important insects in conifer forests worldwide. However, despite >200 years of research, the drivers of population eruptions and crashes are still not fully understood and the existing knowledge is thus insufficient to face the challenges posed by the Anthropocene. We critically analyze potential biotic and abiotic drivers of population dynamics of an exemplary species, the European spruce bark beetle (ESBB) (Ips typographus) and present a multivariate approach that integrates the many drivers governing this bark beetle system. We call for hypothesis-driven, large-scale collaborative research efforts to improve our understanding of the population dynamics of this and other bark beetle pests. Our approach can serve as a blueprint for tackling other eruptive forest insects.

Bavarian Forest National Park Freyunger Strasse 2 94481 Grafenau Germany; Entomology Research Group Technical University of Munich Hans Carl von Carlowitz Platz 2 85354 Freising Germany

Bavarian Forest National Park Freyunger Strasse 2 94481 Grafenau Germany; Field Station Fabrikschleichach Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology Biocenter University of Würzburg Glashüttenstraße 5 96181 Rauhenebrach Germany

BIOCEV Institute of Microbiology Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Průmyslová 595 252 42 Vestec Czech Republic

BIOCEV Institute of Microbiology Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Průmyslová 595 252 42 Vestec Czech Republic; Department of Genetics and Microbiology Faculty of Science Charles University Prague Viničná 5 128 44 Praha 2 Czech Republic

Department of Biochemistry Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology Hans Knöll Strasse 8 07745 Jena Germany

Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences University of Montana Missoula MT 59812 USA

Division of Biological Sciences University of Montana 32 Campus Drive Missoula MT 59812 USA

Entomology Research Group Technical University of Munich Hans Carl von Carlowitz Platz 2 85354 Freising Germany

Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute Department of Zoology and Entomology University of Pretoria Pretoria 0028 South Africa

Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute Department of Zoology and Entomology University of Pretoria Pretoria 0028 South Africa; Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management Technical University of Munich Hans Carl von Carlowitz Platz 2 85354 Freising Weihenstephan Germany

Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures INRA Université d'Orléans 45067 Orléans France

Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research P O Box 115 NO 1431 Ås Norway

Research Group Insect Fungus Symbiosis Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology Biocenter University of Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany; Department of Biochemistry Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology Hans Knöll Strasse 8 07745 Jena Germany

School of Forestry College of Environment Forestry and Natural Sciences Northern Arizona University Flagstaff AZ 86011 USA

Université Libre de Bruxelles Spatial Epidemiology Lab CP 160 12 50 avenue FD Roosevelt 1050 Bruxelles Belgium

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