Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy caused by the clonal expansion of plasma cells. The incidence of MM worldwide is increasing with greater than 140 000 people being diagnosed with MM per year. Whereas 5-year survival after a diagnosis of MM has improved from 28% in 1975 to 56% in 2012, the disease remains essentially incurable. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of MM including its epidemiology, genetics and biology. We will also provide an overview of MM management that has led to improvements in survival, including recent changes to diagnosis and therapies. Areas of unmet need include the management of patients with high-risk MM, those with reduced performance status and those refractory to standard therapies. Ongoing research into the biology and early detection of MM as well as the development of novel therapies, such as immunotherapies, has the potential to influence MM practice in the future.

Biomedical Center Faculty of Medicine Charles University in Pilsen Pilsen Czech Republic

Division of Cancer Epidemiology German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg Germany

Division of Genetics and Epidemiology The Institute of Cancer Research London UK

Division of Pediatric Neurooncology German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg Germany

Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg Germany

The Department of Haemato Oncology The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust London UK

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Visual presentation of age differences in relative survival of hematological neoplasms in Sweden and the neighboring countries

Large differencies in age-specific survival in multiple myeloma in the nordic countries

Survival in hematological malignancies in the Nordic countries through a half century with correlation to treatment

Survival trends in hematological malignancies in the Nordic countries through 50 years