The phytohormone auxin triggers transcriptional reprogramming through a well-characterized perception machinery in the nucleus. By contrast, mechanisms that underlie fast effects of auxin, such as the regulation of ion fluxes, rapid phosphorylation of proteins or auxin feedback on its transport, remain unclear1-3. Whether auxin-binding protein 1 (ABP1) is an auxin receptor has been a source of debate for decades1,4. Here we show that a fraction of Arabidopsis thaliana ABP1 is secreted and binds auxin specifically at an acidic pH that is typical of the apoplast. ABP1 and its plasma-membrane-localized partner, transmembrane kinase 1 (TMK1), are required for the auxin-induced ultrafast global phospho-response and for downstream processes that include the activation of H+-ATPase and accelerated cytoplasmic streaming. abp1 and tmk mutants cannot establish auxin-transporting channels and show defective auxin-induced vasculature formation and regeneration. An ABP1(M2X) variant that lacks the capacity to bind auxin is unable to complement these defects in abp1 mutants. These data indicate that ABP1 is the auxin receptor for TMK1-based cell-surface signalling, which mediates the global phospho-response and auxin canalization.

Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics and VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology Ghent University Ghent Belgium

Faculty of Natural Sciences Institute of Biology Biotechnology and Environmental Protection University of Silesia in Katowice Katowice Poland

Graduate School of Science and Institute of Transformative Bio Molecules Nagoya University Nagoya Japan

Institute for Multidisciplinary Research University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia

Institute of Science and Technology Austria Klosterneuburg Austria

Laboratory of Biochemistry Wageningen University Wageningen The Netherlands

Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics Central European Institute of Technology Masaryk University Brno Czechia

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Nature. 2022 Sep;609(7927):475-476. doi: 10.1038/d41586-022-02339-x. PubMed

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RAF-like protein kinases mediate a deeply conserved, rapid auxin response

The AUX1-AFB1-CNGC14 module establishes a longitudinal root surface pH profile

The AFB1 auxin receptor controls the cytoplasmic auxin response pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana