Electrochemical methods can be used not only for the sensitive analysis of proteins but also for deeper research into their structure, transport functions (transfer of electrons and protons), and sensing their interactions with soft and solid surfaces. Last but not least, electrochemical tools are useful for investigating the effect of an electric field on protein structure, the direct application of electrochemical methods for controlling protein function, or the micromanipulation of supramolecular protein structures. There are many experimental arrangements (modalities), from the classic configuration that works with an electrochemical cell to miniaturized electrochemical sensors and microchip platforms. The support of computational chemistry methods which appropriately complement the interpretation framework of experimental results is also important. This text describes recent directions in electrochemical methods for the determination of proteins and briefly summarizes available methodologies for the selective labeling of proteins using redox-active probes. Attention is also paid to the theoretical aspects of electron transport and the effect of an external electric field on the structure of selected proteins. Instead of providing a comprehensive overview, we aim to highlight areas of interest that have not been summarized recently, but, at the same time, represent current trends in the field.

Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry Palacky University Hnevotinska 3 77515 Olomouc Czech Republic

Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia Branisovska 1760 37005 Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic

Institute of Biophysics The Czech Academy of Sciences v v i Kralovopolska 135 61200 Brno Czech Republic

Institute of Photonics and Electronics of the Czech Academy of Sciences Chaberska 1014 57 18200 Prague Czech Republic

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