The increase in extreme climate events associated with global warming is a great menace to crop productivity nowadays. In addition to abiotic stresses, warmer conditions favor the spread of infectious diseases affecting plant performance. Within this context, beneficial microbes constitute a sustainable alternative for the mitigation of the effects of climate change on plant growth and productivity. Used as biostimulants to improve plant growth, they also increase plant resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses through the generation of a primed status in the plant, leading to a better and faster response to stress. In this review, we have focused on the importance of a balanced redox status for the adequate performance of the plant and revisited the different antioxidant mechanisms supporting the biocontrol effect of beneficial microbes through the adjustment of the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, the different tools for the analysis of antioxidant responses and redox regulation have been evaluated. The importance of redox regulation in the activation of the immune responses through different mechanisms, such as transcriptional regulation, retrograde signaling, and post-translational modification of proteins, emerges as an important research goal for understanding the biocontrol activity of the beneficial microbes.

Copenhagen Plant Science Centre Faculty of Science University of Copenhagen 1870 Frederiksberg Denmark

CzechGlobe Global Change Research Institute CAS 603 00 Brno Czech Republic

Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular Facultad de Biología Universidad de Sevilla 41012 Sevilla Spain

Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis Universidad de Sevilla and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas 41092 Sevilla Spain

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