Boechera falcata (Turcz.) Al-Shehbaz, previously known as Arabis turczaninowii Ledeb., is a herbaceous perennial of the East Siberian, boreal-steppe ecotype. It is the sole species of the diverse genus Boechera found on the Eurasian continent, with all other species endemic to North America and Greenland. Likely migrating from North America to Eastern Siberia via the Bering Land Bridge during the Pleistocene glaciation, B. falcata presents a unique case for genomic study. The genus Boechera is notable for its many allodiploid and triploid apomicts, which have arisen through complex hybridization of sexual species and ecotypes. To date, only the genomes of 2 American Boechera species, B. stricta and B. retrofracta, have been sequenced and analyzed. In this study, we sequenced, assembled to the chromosome level, and analyzed the highly homozygous 189.36 Mb genome of B. falcata (2n = 14). Molecular phylogenetic analysis of nuclear and organelle genomes revealed a high degree of relatedness to North American relatives. Cytogenetic analysis identified all 22 genomic blocks of crucifers, showing that 5 of the 7 B. falcata chromosomes are collinear with their ancestral counterparts, while 2 have undergone inversions. Allelic analysis of the apomixis marker APOLLO gene revealed that B. falcata contains only sex alleles. The availability of the B. falcata genome will advance studies of the evolution and phylogeny of Brassicaceae species and the mechanisms of apomixis, providing a crucial resource for future research in plant genetics and breeding.

Central European Institute of Technology Masaryk University Kamenice 753 5 Brno 625 00 Czech Republic

Department of Biology Duke University Biological Sciences Bldg Durham NC 27708 USA

Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology School of Natural and Environmental Sciences Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU UK

Faculty of Science Institute of Experimental Biology Masaryk University Kamenice 753 5 Brno 625 00 Czech Republic

ITMO University ChemBio Cluster Lomonosova 9 Saint Petersburg 197101 Russia

Lab of Embryology and Reproductive Biology Komarov Botanical Institute RAS 2 Prof Popov Str St Petersburg 197376 Russia

The Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Bolshoy Blvd 30 1 Moscow 121205 Russia

Wellcome Sanger Institute Wellcome Genome Campus Hinxton Cambridge CB10 1SA UK

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