Thermal and cave habitats on nearly all continents have been a substantial source of new cyanobacterial genotypes and morphotypes that expanded with the dawn of the era of molecular phylogenetics. In this study, we investigated the cyanobacterial flora of an extreme habitat of recently discovered caves with sulfur-rich thermal springs, using the polyphasic approach. The methods included cultivation, light and transmission electron microscopy, and molecular methods, including those that can be employed on samples that are not unialgal. Here, we present data on morphological and ultrastructural characteristics, 16S rRNA gene and 16S-23S internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rRNA region sequences, and folding structures. We identified one new trichal genus Xomosiella with the type species X. audyi forming a distinctly isolated clade and three new species in Loriellopsis, Mastigocladus, and Pegethrix. Apart from genetic distance, Xomosiella is distinguished from Limnothrix by its high trichome motility and benthic habitat, with granules likely composed of cyanophycin rather than aerotopes. The coccal cyanobacterium initially identified as "Cyanosarcina" sp. has been proposed as a new species, Loriellopsis vromonerensis, although its classification is complicated by morphological plasticity and phylogenetic uncertainties. The erection of Mastigocladus boudae was supported by a significant genetic divergence and distinct morphological characteristics. A description of a newly revealed cryptic species, Pegethrix sulphurea, has been provided. These results advance our knowledge of the diversity of cyanobacteria in extreme and understudied environments, which could enrich our understanding of microbial adaptability.

Department of Botany Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia České Budějovice Czech Republic

Zobrazit více v PubMed

Abdullin, S. R. , Nikulin, V. Y. , Nikulin, A. Y. , Manyakhin, A. Y. , Bagmet, V. B. , Suprun, A. R. , & Gontcharov, A. A. (2021). DOI

Akagha, S. C. , Johansen, J. R. , Nwankwo, D. I. , & Yin, K. (2019). DOI

Alcamán, M. E. , Alcorta, J. , Bergman, B. , Vásquez, M. , Polz, M. , & Díez, B. (2017). Physiological and gene expression responses to nitrogen regimes and temperatures in PubMed DOI

Alcorta, J. , Vergara‐Barros, P. , Antonaru, L. A. , Alcamán‐Arias, M. E. , Nürnberg, D. J. , & Díez, B. (2019). PubMed DOI

Aleksovski, B. , Krstić, S. , Komárek, J. , Nguyen, K. , Pakovski, K. , Kiprijanovska, S. , Dimovski, A. , Vuchurević, A. , Stefanoska, E. , & Strunecký, O. (2024). DOI

Altschul, S. F. , Gish, W. , Miller, W. , Myers, E. W. , & Lipman, D. J. (1990). Basic local alignment search tool. Journal of Molecular Biology, 215(3), 403–410. 10.1016/S0022-2836(05)80360-2 PubMed DOI

Anagnostidis, K. (2001). Nomenclatural changes in cyanoprokaryotic order Oscillatoriales. Preslia, 73, 359–375.

Audy, M. , Bouda, T. , Bruthans, J. , & Růžička, V. (2022). Hypogene caves in the Vromoner thermal springs area on the Sarandaporo River, Albania. Speleofórum, 41, 42–51.

Bacchetta, T. , López‐García, P. , Gutiérrez‐Preciado, A. , Mehta, N. , Skouri‐Panet, F. , Benzerara, K. , Ciobanu, M. , Yubuki, N. , Tavera, R. , & Moreira, D. (2024). Description of DOI

Bell, J. R. (2008). A simple way to treat PCR products prior to sequencing using ExoSAP‐IT®. BioTechniques, 44(6), 834. 10.2144/000112890 PubMed DOI

Bischoff, H. W. , & Bold, H. C. (1963). Phycological studies: Volume IV. Some soil algae from Enchanted Rock and related algal species. University of Texas Publication.

Bold, H. C. (1949). The morphology of DOI

Boone, D. R. , & Castenholz, R. W. (2001). Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology (2nd ed.). Springer.

Bornet, É. , & Flahault, C. (1886). Revision des Nostocacées hétérocystées contenues dans les principaux herbiers de France (Troisième fragment). Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Botanique, Septième série, 5, 51–129.

Boyer, S. L. , Flechtner, V. R. , & Johansen, J. R. (2001). Is the 16S‐23S rRNA internal transcribed spacer region a good tool for use in molecular systematics and population genetics? A case study in Cyanobacteria. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 18(6), 1057–1069. 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003877 PubMed DOI

Bravakos, P. , Kotoulas, G. , Skaraki, K. , Pantazidou, A. , & Economou‐Amilli, A. (2016). A polyphasic taxonomic approach in isolated strains of Cyanobacteria from thermal springs of Greece. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 98, 147–160. 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.02.009 PubMed DOI

Brown, I. I. , Bryant, D. A. , Casamatta, D. , Thomas‐Keprta, K. L. , Sarkisova, S. A. , Shen, G. , Graham, J. E. , Boyd, E. S. , Peters, J. W. , Garrison, D. H. , & McKay, D. S. (2010). Polyphasic characterization of a thermotolerant siderophilic filamentous cyanobacterium that produces intracellular iron deposits. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 76(19), 6664–6672. 10.1128/AEM.00662-10 PubMed DOI PMC

Cai, F. , Li, S. , Chen, J. , & Li, R. (2024). PubMed DOI

Casamatta, D. A. , Villanueva, C. D. , Garvey, A. D. , Stocks, H. S. , Vaccarino, M. , Dvořák, P. , Hašler, P. , & Johansen, J. R. (2020). PubMed DOI

Compère, P. (1985). Combinaisons nouvelles dans les Cyanophycées. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique National de Belgique, 55, 487–489.

Copeland, J. J. (1936). Yellowstone thermal Myxophyceae. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 36, 1–232.

Cordeiro, R. , Luz, R. , Lage, S. , Menezes, C. , Dias, E. , Flores, C. , Fonseca, A. , & Gonçalves, V. (2024). Metabolomic and taxonomic characterization of DOI

Dadheech, P. K. , Mahmoud, H. , Kotut, K. , & Krienitz, L. (2014). DOI

Dagan, T. , Roettger, M. , Stucken, K. , Landan, G. , Koch, R. , Major, P. , Gould, S. B. , Goremykin, V. V. , Rippka, R. , Tandeau De Marsac, N. , Gugger, M. , Lockhart, P. J. , Allen, J. F. , Brune, I. , Maus, I. , Pühler, A. , & Martin, W. F. (2013). Genomes of Stigonematalean Cyanobacteria (subsection V) and the evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis from prokaryotes to plastids. Genome Biology and Evolution, 5(1), 31–44. 10.1093/gbe/evs117 PubMed DOI PMC

Dickie, G. (1874). On the algae of Mauritius. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Botany, 14, 190–202.

Dillon, J. G. , McMath, L. M. , & Trout, A. L. (2009). Seasonal changes in bacterial diversity in the Salton Sea. Hydrobiologia, 632(1), 49–64. 10.1007/s10750-009-9827-4 DOI

Duperron, S. , Beniddir, M. A. , Durand, S. , Longeon, A. , Duval, C. , Gros, O. , Bernard, C. , & Bourguet‐Kondracki, M.‐L. (2019). New benthic Cyanobacteria from Guadeloupe mangroves as producers of antimicrobials. Marine Drugs, 18(1), 16. 10.3390/md18010016 PubMed DOI PMC

Duval, C. , Hamlaoui, S. , Piquet, B. , Toutirais, G. , Yéprémian, C. , Reinhardt, A. , Duperron, S. , Marie, B. , Demay, J. , & Bernard, C. (2021). Diversity of Cyanobacteria from thermal muds (Balaruc‐Les‐Bains, France) with the description of PubMed DOI PMC

Dvořák, P. , Jahodářová, E. , Stanojković, A. , Skoupý, S. , & Casamatta, D. A. (2023). Population genomics meets the taxonomy of Cyanobacteria. Algal Research, 72, 103128. 10.1016/j.algal.2023.103128 DOI

Eftimi, R. , & Frashëri, A. (2018). Regional hydrogeological characteristics of thermal waters of Albania. Acta Geographica Silesiana, 12/1(29), 11–26.

Elenkin, A. A. (1914). Kamchatka Expedition of Fyodor Pavlovich Ryabushinsky, equipped with the assistance of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society. Botanical Department. Issue II. Spore plants of Kamchatka: Algae. Tipografiya P.P. Ryabushinskago, Moskva.

Elenkin, A. A. (1936). Sinezeleniye vodorosli SSSR. Monografiya presnovodnykh i nazemnykh S'yanofiseaye, obnaruzhennykh v predelakh SSSR.

Elenkin, A. A. (1938). Sinezeleniye vodorosli SSSR. Monografiya presnovodnykh i nazemnykh S'yanofiseaye, obnaruzhennykh v predelakh SSSR. Spetsial'naya (sistematicheskaya) chast’, vyp. I. I. Chroococcaceae Geitl.; II. Chamaesiphoneae Geitl.; III. Hormogoneae (Geitl.) Elenk.: Poryadok Stigonematales Geitl.; poryadok Mastigocladales Elenk.; poryadok Diplonematales Elenk.; poryadok Nostocales (Geitl.) Elenk.: Sem. Nostocaceae Elenk., sem. Anabaenaceae Elenk., Aphanizomenonaceae Elenk., sem. Nodulariaceae Elenk., sem. Scytonemataceae (Kütz.) Elenk. Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR. [in Russian].

Forti, A. (1907). Sylloge algarum omnium hucusque cognitarum. Vol. V. In De Toni J. B. (Ed.), Sylloge Algarum Omnium. Sylloge Myxophycearum (pp. 1–761). Padova.

Gama, W. A. , Rigonato, J. , Fiore, M. F. , & Sant'Anna, C. L. (2019). New insights into DOI

Gao, K. , Cheng, Y. , Geng, R. , Xiao, P. , Zhang, H. , Wu, Z. , Cai, F. , & Li, R. (2024). Revealing the diversity of thin filamentous cyanobacteria, with the discovery of a novel species, DOI

Geitler, L. (1932). Cyanophyceae (1st ed.). Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft m.b.h.

Gicklhorn, J. (1921). Über den Blauglanz zweier neuer Oscillatorien. Osterreichische Botanische Zeitschrift, 70(1–2), 1–29.

Gkelis, S. , Rajaniemi, P. , Vardaka, E. , Moustaka‐Gouni, M. , Lanaras, T. , & Sivonen, K. (2005). PubMed DOI

Gomont, M. (1892). Monographie des Oscillariées (Nostocacées Homocystées). Deuxième partie. ‐ Lyngbyées. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Botanique, 7(16), 91–264.

Gomont, M. (1895). Note sur le

Gugger, M. F. , & Hoffmann, L. (2004). Polyphyly of true branching cyanobacteria (Stigonematales). International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 54(2), 349–357. 10.1099/ijs.0.02744-0 PubMed DOI

Guindon, S. , Dufayard, J. , Lefort, V. , Anisimova, M. , Hordijk, W. , & Gascuel, O. (2010). New algorithms and methods to estimate maximum‐likelihood phylogenies assessing the performance of PhyML 3.0. Systematic Biology, 59(3), 307–321. PubMed

Guiry, M. , & Guiry, W. (2025). AlgaeBase. World‐wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. https://www.algaebase.org/

Heidari, F. , Zima, J. , Riahi, H. , & Hauer, T. (2018). New simple trichal cyanobacterial taxa isolated from radioactive thermal springs. Fottea, 18(2), 137–149. 10.5507/fot.2017.024 DOI

Hentschke, G. S. , Mohamed, Z. , Campos, A. , & Vasconcelos, V. M. (2024). Description of PubMed DOI PMC

Hirose, Y. , Fujisawa, T. , Ohtsubo, Y. , Katayama, M. , Misawa, N. , Wakazuki, S. , Shimura, Y. , Nakamura, Y. , Kawachi, M. , Yoshikawa, H. , Eki, T. , & Kanesaki, Y. (2016). Complete genome sequence of cyanobacterium PubMed DOI

Huelsenbeck, J. P. , & Ronquist, F. (2001). MRBAYES: Bayesian inference of phylogenetic trees. Bioinformatics, 17(8), 754–755. 10.1093/bioinformatics/17.8.754 PubMed DOI

Iteman, I. , Rippka, R. , Tandeau de Marsac, N. , & Herdman, M. (2000). Comparison of conserved structural and regulatory domains within divergent 16S rRNA–23S rRNA spacer sequences of cyanobacteria. Microbiology, 146, 1275–1286. 10.1099/00221287-146-6-1275 PubMed DOI

Jaiswal, T. P. , Chakraborty, S. , Singh, P. , Mishra, A. K. , & Singh, S. S. (2021). Description of hot spring dwelling DOI

Jasser, I. , Panou, M. , Khomutovska, N. , Sandzewicz, M. , Panteris, E. , Niyatbekov, T. , Łach, Ł. , Kwiatowski, J. , Kokociński, M. , & Gkelis, S. (2022). Cyanobacteria in hot pursuit: Characterization of cyanobacteria strains, including novel taxa, isolated from geothermal habitats from different ecoregions of the world. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 170, 107454. 10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107454 PubMed DOI

Jezberová, J. , & Komárková, J. (2007). Morphological transformation in a freshwater PubMed DOI

Jiang, Y. , Tang, J. , Liu, X. , & Daroch, M. (2023). Polyphasic characterization of a novel hot‐spring cyanobacterium PubMed DOI PMC

Johansen, J. R. , Bohunická, M. , Lukešová, A. , Hrčková, K. , Vaccarino, M. A. , & Chesarino, N. M. (2014). Morphological and molecular characterization within 26 strains of the genus PubMed DOI

Johansen, J. R. , & Casamatta, D. A. (2005). Recognizing cyanobacterial diversity through adoption of a new species paradigm. Algological Studies, 117, 71–93. 10.1127/1864-1318/2005/0117-0071 DOI

Johansen, J. R. , Kovacik, L. , Casamatta, D. A. , Fučiková, K. , & Kaštovský, J. (2011). Utility of 16S‐23S ITS sequence and secondary structure for recognition of intrageneric and intergeneric limits within cyanobacterial taxa: DOI

Johansen, J. R. , Mareš, J. , Pietrasiak, N. , Bohunická, M. , Zima, J. , Štenclová, L. , & Hauer, T. (2017). Highly divergent 16S rRNA sequences in ribosomal operons of PubMed DOI PMC

Jung, P. , Azua‐Bustos, A. , Gonzalez‐Silva, C. , Mikhailyuk, T. , Zabicki, D. , Holzinger, A. , Lakatos, M. , & Büdel, B. (2021). Emendation of the coccoid Cyanobacterial genus PubMed DOI PMC

Jung, P. , Briegel‐Williams, L. , Werner, L. , Jost, E. , Schultz, M. , Nürnberg, D. J. , Grube, M. , & Lakatos, M. (2024). A direct PCR approach with low‐biomass insert opens new horizons for molecular sciences on cryptogam communities. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 90, e00024‐24. 10.1128/aem.00024-24 PubMed DOI PMC

Jung, P. , Mikhailyuk, T. , Emrich, D. , Baumann, K. , Dultz, S. , & Büdel, B. (2020). Shifting boundaries Ecological and geographical range extension based on three new species in the cyanobacterial genera PubMed DOI

Kaštovský, J. (2023). Welcome to the jungle!: An overview of modern taxonomy of cyanobacteria. Hydrobiologia, 851, 1063–1077. 10.1007/s10750-023-05356-7 DOI

Kaštovský, J. , Gomez, E. B. , Hladil, J. , & Johansen, J. R. (2014). DOI

Kaštovský, J. , & Johansen, J. R. (2008). DOI

Kaštovský, J. , Johansen, J. R. , Hauerová, R. , & Akagha, M. U. (2023). Hot is rich—An enormous diversity of simple trichal Cyanobacteria from Yellowstone hot springs. Diversity, 15(9), 975. 10.3390/d15090975 DOI

Katoh, K. , Misawa, K. , Kuma, K. , & Miyata, T. (2002). MAFFT: A novel method for rapid multiple sequence alignment based on fast Fourier transform. Nucleic Acids Research, 30(14), 3059–3066. 10.1093/nar/gkf436 PubMed DOI PMC

Katoh, K. , & Standley, D. M. (2013). MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: Improvements in performance and usability. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 30(4), 772–780. 10.1093/molbev/mst010 PubMed DOI PMC

Kilgore, C. , Johansen, J. R. , Mai, T. , Hauer, T. , Casamatta, D. A. , & Sheil, C. A. (2018). Molecular characterization of DOI

Kirchner, O. (1898). Schizophyta: Schizophyceae. In Engler A. & Prantl K. (Eds.), Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien (1st ed., pp. 45–92). Wilhelm Engelmann.

Komárek, J. (2013). Cyanoprokaryota 3:3, Teil: Heterocytous genera. In Bűdel B. (Ed.), Susswasserflora von Mitteleuropa (Vol. 19). Springer Spektrum.

Komárek, J. , & Anagnostidis, K. (1999). Süßwasserflora von Mitteleuropa: Bd. 19/1. Cyanoprokaryota: Chroococcales (1. vyd.). Springer Spektrum.

Komárek, J. , & Anagnostidis, K. (2008). Süßwasserflora von Mitteleuropa: Bd 19/2. Cyanoprokaryota, Part 2: Oscillatoriales (Unaltered repr., 2. print). Spektrum Akademischer Verlag.

Komárek, J. , Johansen, J. R. , Šmarda, J. , & Strunecký, O. (2020). Phylogeny and taxonomy of DOI

Komárek, J. , Kaštovský, J. , Mareš, J. , & Johansen, J. R. (2014). Taxonomic classification of cyanoprokaryotes (Cyanobacterial genera) 2014, using a polyphasic approach. Preslia, 86, 295–335.

Kováčik, Ľ. (1988). Cell division in simple coccal cyanophytes. Archiv Für Hydrobiologie. Supplementband, 80(1–4), 149–190.

Lamprinou, V. , Christodoulou, M. , Hernandez‐Marine, M. , Parmakelis, A. , & Economou‐Amilli, A. (2016). DOI

Lamprinou, V. , Hernández‐Mariné, M. , Canals, T. , Kormas, K. , Economou‐Amilli, A. , & Pantazidou, A. (2011). Morphology and molecular evaluation of PubMed DOI

Lamprinou, V. , Skaraki, K. , Kotoulas, G. , Economou‐Amilli, A. , & Pantazidou, A. (2012). PubMed DOI

Lara, Y. , Lambion, A. , Menzel, D. , Codd, G. A. , & Wilmotte, A. (2013). A cultivation‐independent approach for the genetic and cyanotoxin characterization of colonial cyanobacteria. Aquatic Microbial Ecology, 69(2), 135–143. 10.3354/ame01628 DOI

Lefler, F. W. , Berthold, D. E. , & Dail Laughinghouse, H. (2023). Cyanoseq: A database of cyanobacterial 16s rRNA sequences with curated taxonomy. Journal of Phycology, 59(3), 470–480. 10.1111/jpy.13335 PubMed DOI

Lefort, V. , Longueville, J.‐E. , & Gascuel, O. (2017). SMS: Smart Model Selection in PhyML. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 34(9), 2422–2424. 10.1093/molbev/msx149 PubMed DOI PMC

Lemoine, F. , Correia, D. , Lefort, V. , Doppelt‐Azeroual, O. , Mareuil, F. , Cohen‐Boulakia, S. , & Gascuel, O. (2019). NGPhylogeny.fr: New generation phylogenetic services for non‐specialists. Nucleic Acids Research, 47(W1), W260–W265. 10.1093/nar/gkz303 PubMed DOI PMC

Lemoine, F. , Domelevo Entfellner, J.‐B. , Wilkinson, E. , Correia, D. , Dávila Felipe, M. , De Oliveira, T. , & Gascuel, O. (2018). Renewing Felsenstein's phylogenetic bootstrap in the era of big data. Nature, 556(7702), 452–456. 10.1038/s41586-018-0043-0 PubMed DOI PMC

Lumian, J. E. , Jungblut, A. D. , Dillion, M. L. , Hawes, I. , Doran, P. T. , Mackey, T. J. , Dick, G. J. , Grettenberger, C. L. , & Sumner, D. Y. (2021). Metabolic capacity of the Antarctic cyanobacterium PubMed DOI PMC

Luz, R. , Cordeiro, R. , Kaštovský, J. , Johansen, J. R. , Dias, E. , Fonseca, A. , Urbatzka, R. , Vasconcelos, V. , & Gonçalves, V. (2023). New terrestrial cyanobacteria from the Azores Islands: Description of DOI

Maa‐iad, K. , Keawtawee, T. , & Seel‐audom, M. (2023). Effect of cyanobacteria

Mai, T. , Johansen, J. R. , Pietrasiak, N. , Bohunická, M. , & Martin, M. P. (2018). Revision of the Synechococcales (Cyanobacteria) through recognition of four families including Oculatellaceae fam. nov. and Trichocoleaceae fam. nov. and six new genera containing 14 species. Phytotaxa, 365(1), 1–59. 10.11646/phytotaxa.365.1.1 DOI

Mareš, J. , Lara, Y. , Dadáková, I. , Hauer, T. , Uher, B. , Wilmotte, A. , & Kaštovský, J. (2015). Phylogenetic analysis of cultivation‐resistant terrestrial cyanobacteria with massive sheaths ( PubMed DOI

Markham, N. R. , & Zuker, M. (2008). UNAFold. In Keith J. M. (Ed.), Bioinformatics (Vol. 453, pp. 3–31). Humana Press. 10.1007/978-1-60327-429-6_1 DOI

McGregor, G. B. , & Sendall, B. C. (2017). DOI

McGregor, G. B. , Sendall, B. C. , Niiyama, Y. , Tuji, A. , & Willis, A. (2023). PubMed DOI

Meffert, M.‐E. (1971). Cultivation and growth of two planktonic

Meffert, M.‐E. (1987). Planktic unsheated filaments (Cyanophyceae) with polar and central gas‐vacuoles I. Their morphology and taxonomy. Archiv für Hydrobiologie. Supplementband, 76(4), 315–346.

Meffert, M.‐E. (1988).

Meffert, M.‐E. , Oberhäuser, R. , & Overbeck, J. (1981). Morphology and taxonomy of

Miller, S. R. , & Bebout, B. M. (2004). Variation in sulfide tolerance of photosystem II in phylogenetically diverse cyanobacteria from sulfidic habitats. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 70(2), 736–744. 10.1128/AEM.70.2.736-744.2004 PubMed DOI PMC

Miller, S. R. , Castenholz, R. W. , & Pedersen, D. (2007). Phylogeography of the thermophilic cyanobacterium PubMed DOI PMC

Miscoe, L. H. , Johansen, J. R. , Vaccarino, M. A. , Pietrasiak, N. , & Sherwood, A. R. (2016). The diatom flora and cyanobacteria from caves on Kauai, Hawaii. II. Novel cyanobacteria from caves on Kauai, Hawaii. Bibliotheca Phycologica, 120, 75–152.

Mishra, D. , Suradkar, A. , Saraf, A. , & Singh, P. (2020). Phylogenetic evaluation of the true‐branched heterocytous cyanobacteria and description of soil dwelling PubMed DOI

Momper, L. , Hu, E. , Moore, K. R. , Skoog, E. J. , Tyler, M. , Evans, A. J. , & Bosak, T. (2019). Metabolic versatility in a modern lineage of cyanobacteria from terrestrial hot springs. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 140, 224–232. 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.05.036 PubMed DOI

Moro, I. , Fuiano, M. A. , Rascio, N. , De Philippis, R. , & La Rocca, N. (2021). Phylogenetic, morphological and biochemical studies on DOI

Němečková, K. , Mareš, J. , Košek, F. , Culka, A. , Dudák, J. , Tymlová, V. , Žemlička, J. , & Jehlička, J. (2024). Comparative analysis of cyanobacterial communities in gypsum outcrops: Insights from sites in Israel and Poland. Extremophiles, 28(3), 37. 10.1007/s00792-024-01352-4 PubMed DOI

Němečková, K. , Mareš, J. , Procházková, L. , Culka, A. , Košek, F. , Wierzchos, J. , Nedbalová, L. , Dudák, J. , Tymlová, V. , Žemlička, J. , Kust, A. , Zima, J. , Nováková, E. , & Jehlička, J. (2023). Gypsum endolithic phototrophs under moderate climate (Southern Sicily): Their diversity and pigment composition. Frontiers in Microbiology, 14, 1175066. 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1175066 PubMed DOI PMC

Nierzwicki‐Bauer, S. A. , Balkwill, D. L. , & Stevens, S. E. (1984). Morphology and ultrastructure of the cyanobacterium DOI

Nübel, U. , Garcia‐Pichel, F. , & Muyzer, G. (1997). PCR primers to amplify 16S rRNA genes from cyanobacteria. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 63(8), 3327–3332. 10.1128/aem.63.8.3327-3332.1997 PubMed DOI PMC

Osorio‐Santos, K. , Pietrasiak, N. , Bohunická, M. , Miscoe, L. H. , Kováčik, L. , Martin, M. P. , & Johansen, J. R. (2014). Seven new species of DOI

Palinska, K. A. , & Krumbein, W. E. (1998). Patterns of growth in coccoid, aggregate forming cyanobacteria. Annales Botanici Fennici, 35, 219–227.

Panou, M. , & Gkelis, S. (2022). Unravelling unknown cyanobacteria diversity linked with HCN production. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 166, 107322. 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107322 PubMed DOI

Parmar, M. , Jaiswal, T. P. , Bhattacharjee, S. , Singh, S. S. , & Mishra, A. K. (2024). DOI

Patzelt, D. J. , Hodač, L. , Friedl, T. , Pietrasiak, N. , & Johansen, J. R. (2014). Biodiversity of soil cyanobacteria in the hyper‐arid Atacama Desert, Chile. Journal of Phycology, 50(4), 698–710. 10.1111/jpy.12196 PubMed DOI

Perkerson, R. B., III , Perkerson, E. A. , & Casamatta, D. A. (2010). Phylogenetic examination of the cyanobacterial genera DOI

Pokorný, J. , Štenclová, L. , & Kaštovský, J. (2023). Unsuspected findings about phylogeny and ultrastructure of the enigmatic cyanobacterium DOI

Prát, S. (1929). Study on biolithogenesis. Calcareous race and Cyanophyceae and their role in creating travertine.

Rippka, R. , Deruelles, J. , & Waterbury, J. B. (1979). Generic assignments, strain histories and properties of pure cultures of Cyanobacteria. Journal of General Microbiology, 111(1), 1–61. 10.1099/00221287-111-1-1 DOI

Rodrigue, S. , Malmstrom, R. R. , Berlin, A. M. , Birren, B. W. , Henn, M. R. , & Chisholm, S. W. (2009). Whole genome amplification and de novo assembly of single bacterial cells. PLoS ONE, 4, e6864. 10.1371/journal.pone.0006864 PubMed DOI PMC

Roeselers, G. , Norris, T. B. , Castenholz, R. W. , Rysgaard, S. , Glud, R. N. , Kühl, M. , & Muyzer, G. (2007). Diversity of phototrophic bacteria in microbial mats from Arctic hot springs (Greenland). Environmental Microbiology, 9(1), 26–38. 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2006.01103.x PubMed DOI

Roldán, M. , Ramírez, M. , del Campo, J. , Hernández‐Mariné, M. , & Komárek, J. (2013). PubMed DOI

Sarbu, S. M. , Brad, T. , Băncilă, R. I. , & Ştefan, A. (2024). Exploring biodiversity and food webs in sulfur cave in the Vromoner Canyon on the Greek–Albanian border. Diversity, 16(8), 477. 10.3390/d16080477 DOI

Sayers, E. W. , Bolton, E. E. , Brister, J. R. , Canese, K. , Chan, J. , Comeau, D. C. , Connor, R. , Funk, K. , Kelly, C. , Kim, S. , Madej, T. , Marchler‐Bauer, A. , Lanczycki, C. , Lathrop, S. , Lu, Z. , Thibaud‐Nissen, F. , Murphy, T. , Phan, L. , Skripchenko, Y. , … Sherry, S. T. (2022). Database resources of the National Center for Biotechnology Information. Nucleic Acids Research, 50(D1), D20–D26. 10.1093/nar/gkab1112 PubMed DOI PMC

Schmidle, W. (1900). Algologische Notizen. XIV. Einige neue von Professor Dr. Hansgirg in Vorderindien gesammelte Süsswasseralgen. Allgemeine Botanische Zeitschrift Für Systematik, Floristik, Pflanzengeographie, 6, 53–55.

Schwabe, H. (1837). Uber die Algen der Karlsbader warmen Quellen. Linnaea, 11, 109–127.

Sciuto, K. , & Moro, I. (2016). Detection of the new cosmopolitan genus PubMed DOI

Sciuto, K. , Moschin, E. , & Moro, I. (2017). Cryptic cyanobacterial diversity in the Giant Cave (Trieste, Italy): The new genus DOI

Shalygin, S. , Kavulic, K. J. , Pietrasiak, N. , Bohunická, M. , Vaccarino, M. A. , Chesarino, N. M. , & Johansen, J. R. (2019). Neotypification of DOI

Shen, L. , Zhang, Z. , Huang, L. , Zhang, L. , Yu, G. , Chen, M. , Li, R. , & Qiu, B. (2023). Chlorophyll PubMed DOI

Sheridan, R. P. (1966).

Skoupý, S. , Stanojković, A. , Casamatta, D. A. , McGovern, C. , Martinović, A. , Jaskowiec, J. , Konderlová, M. , Dodoková, V. , Mikesková, P. , Jahodářová, E. , Jungblut, A. , Van Schalkwyk, H. , & Dvořák, P. (2024). Population genomics and morphological data bridge the centuries of cyanobacterial taxonomy along the continuum of PubMed DOI PMC

Smith, H. D. , Baqué, M. , Duncan, A. G. , Lloyd, C. R. , McKay, C. P. , & Billi, D. (2014). Comparative analysis of cyanobacteria inhabiting rocks with different light transmittance in the Mojave Desert: A Mars terrestrial analogue. International Journal of Astrobiology, 13(3), 271–277. 10.1017/S1473550414000056 DOI

Smith‐Bädorf, H. D. , Chuck, C. J. , Mokebo, K. R. , MacDonald, H. , Davidson, M. G. , & Scott, R. J. (2013). Bioprospecting the thermal waters of the Roman baths: Isolation of oleaginous species and analysis of the FAME profile for biodiesel production. AMB Express, 3(1), 9. 10.1186/2191-0855-3-9 PubMed DOI PMC

Soe, K. M. , Yokoyama, A. , Yokoyama, J. , & Hara, Y. (2011). Morphological and genetic diversity of the thermophilic cyanobacterium,

Spits, C. , Caignec, C. L. , Rycke, M. D. , Haute, L. V. , Van Steirteghem, A. , Liebaers, I. , & Sermon, K. (2006). Optimization and evaluation of single‐cell whole‐genome multiple displacement amplification. Human Mutation, 27(5), 496–503. 10.1002/humu PubMed DOI

Spurr, A. R. (1969). A low‐viscosity epoxy resin embedding medium for electron microscopy. Journal of Ultrastructural Research, 26, 31–43. PubMed

Stanier (Cohen‐Bazire), G. (1988). Fine structure of cyanobacteria. In Methods in enzymology (pp. 157–172). Elsevier. 10.1016/0076-6879(88)67017-0 DOI

Staub, R. (1961). Ernährungsphysiologisch‐autökologische Untersuchungen an der planktischen Blaualge DOI

Strunecký, O. , Ivanova, A. P. , & Mareš, J. (2022). An updated classification of cyanobacterial orders and families based on phylogenomic and polyphasic analysis. Journal of Phycology, 59, 12–51. 10.1111/jpy.13304 PubMed DOI

Strunecký, O. , Komárek, J. , & Šmarda, J. (2014).

Suda, S. , Watanabe, M. M. , Shigeto, O. , Mahakahant, A. , Yongmanitchai, W. , Nopartnaraporn, N. , Liu, Y. , & Day, J. G. (2002). Taxonomic revision of water‐bloom‐forming species of oscillatorioid cyanobacteria. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 52(5), 1577–1595. 10.1099/00207713-52-5-1577 PubMed DOI

Tang, J. , Du, L.‐M. , Li, M. , Yao, D. , Jiang, Y. , Waleron, M. , Waleron, K. , & Daroch, M. (2022). Characterization of a novel hot‐spring cyanobacterium PubMed DOI PMC

Tang, J. , Jiang, D. , Luo, Y. , Liang, Y. , Li, L. , Shah, M. M. R. , & Daroch, M. (2018). Potential new genera of cyanobacterial strains isolated from thermal springs of western Sichuan, China. Algal Research, 31, 14–20. 10.1016/j.algal.2018.01.008 DOI

Tang, J. , Jiang, Y. , Hu, Z. , Zhou, H. , You, D. , & Daroch, M. (2024). Genomic and phenotypic characterization of PubMed DOI

Tang, J. , Li, L. , Li, M. , Du, L. , Shah, M. M. R. , Waleron, M. M. , Waleron, M. , Waleron, K. F. , & Daroch, M. (2021). Description, taxonomy, and comparative genomics of a novel species, PubMed DOI PMC

Thiers, B. M. (2025). Index Herbariorum . https://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/

Tiwari, D. N. (1978). The heterocysts of the blue‐green alga DOI

Villanueva, C. D. , Bohunická, M. , & Johansen, J. R. (2024). We are doing it wrong: Putting homology before phylogeny in cyanobacterial taxonomy. Journal of Phycology, 60, 1071–1089. 10.1111/jpy.13491 PubMed DOI

Walsby, A. E. (1994). Gas vesicles. Microbiological Reviews, 58(1), 94–144. 10.1128/mr.58.1.94-144.1994 PubMed DOI PMC

Wang, Y. , Cai, F. , Jia, N. , & Li, R. (2019). Description of a novel coccoid Cyanobacterial genus and species DOI

Whitton, B. A. (2011). Cyanobacteria (Cyanophyta). In John D. M., Whitton B. A., & Brook A. J. (Eds.), The freshwater algal flora of the British Isles: An identification guide to freshwater and terrestrial algae (2nd ed., pp. 31–158). Cambridge University Press.

Wilmotte, A. , Van der Auwera, G. , & De Wachter, R. (1993). Structure of the 16S ribosomal RNA of the thermophilic cyanobacterium PubMed DOI

Yarza, P. , Yilmaz, P. , Pruesse, E. , Glöckner, F. O. , Ludwig, W. , Schleifer, K.‐H. , Whitman, W. B. , Euzéby, J. , Amann, R. , & Rosselló‐Móra, R. (2014). Uniting the classification of cultured and uncultured bacteria and archaea using 16S rRNA gene sequences. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 12(9), 635–645. 10.1038/nrmicro3330 PubMed DOI

Yilmaz Cankilic, M. , & Arik Berk, G. (2016). Analysis of cyanobacterial diversity of some hot springs in Afyonkarahisar, Turkey. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 14(2), 463–484. 10.15666/aeer/1402_463484 DOI

Yoneda, Y. (1938). Cyanophyceae of Japan, III. Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica, 7(3), 139–183.

Zammit, G. (2018). Systematics and biogeography of sciophilous cyanobacteria; an ecological and molecular description of DOI

Zammit, G. , Billi, D. , & Albertano, P. (2012). The subaerophytic cyanobacterium DOI

Zapomělová, E. , Řeháková, K. , Znachor, P. , & Komárková, J. (2007). Morphological diversity of coiled planktonic types of the genus

Zhu, M. , Yu, G. , Li, X. , Tan, W. , & Li, R. (2012). Taxonomic and phylogenetic evaluation of DOI

Zhu, T. , Hou, S. , Lu, X. , & Hess, W. R. (2017). Draft genome sequences of nine cyanobacterial strains from diverse habitats. Genome Announcements, 5(9), e01676‐16. 10.1128/genomeA.01676-16 PubMed DOI PMC

Zuker, M. (2003). Mfold web server for nucleic acid folding and hybridization prediction. Nucleic Acids Research, 31(13), 3406–3415. 10.1093/nar/gkg595 PubMed DOI PMC

Zobrazit více v PubMed

RefSeq
PQ651705, PQ773165, PQ651698, PQ651699