BACKGROUND: The distribution of time across physical activity, sedentary behaviors, and sleep appears to be essential for the management of obesity. However, the impact of reallocating time among these behaviors, collectively known as 24-h movement behaviors, remains underexplored. OBJECTIVE: This study examines the theoretical effects of reallocating time between 24-h movement behaviors on obesity indicators across different age groups. METHODS: We performed a pooled data meta-analysis of 9818 participants from 11 observational and experimental studies. To estimate the time spent in movement behaviors, we reprocessed and harmonized individual-level raw accelerometer-derived data. Isotemporal substitution models estimated theoretical changes in body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) associated with time reallocation between movement behaviors. We performed the analysis separately for children, adolescents, adults, and older adults. RESULTS: Even minor reallocations of 10 min led to significant changes in obesity indicators, with pronounced effects observed when 30 min were reallocated. The most substantial adverse effects on BMI and WC occurred when moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was reallocated to other movement behaviors. For 30-min reallocations, the largest increase in BMI (or BMI z-score for children) occurred when MVPA was reallocated to light-intensity physical activity (LPA) in children (0.26 units, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.15, 0.37) and to sedentary behavior (SB) in adults (0.72 kg/m2, 95% CI 0.47, 0.96) and older adults (0.73 kg/m2, 95% CI 0.59, 0.87). The largest increase in WC was observed when MVPA was substituted with LPA in adults (2.66 cm, 95% CI 1.42, 3.90) and with SB in older adults (2.43 cm, 95% CI 2.07, 2.79). Conversely, the highest magnitude of the decrease in obesity indicators was observed when SB was substituted with MVPA. Specifically, substituting 30 min of SB with MVPA was associated with a decrease in BMI z-score by - 0.15 units (95% CI - 0.21, - 0.10) in children and lower BMI by - 0.56 kg/m2 (95% CI - 0.74, - 0.39) in adults and by - 0.52 kg/m2 (95% CI - 0.61, - 0.43) in older adults. Reallocating time away from sleep and LPA showed several significant changes but lacked a consistent pattern. While the predicted changes in obesity indicators were generally consistent across age groups, inconsistent findings were observed in adolescents, particularly for reallocations between MVPA and other behaviors. CONCLUSIONS: This investigation emphasizes the crucial role of MVPA in mitigating obesity risk across the lifespan, and the benefit of substituting SB with low-intensity movement behaviors. The distinct patterns observed in adolescents suggest a need for age-specific lifestyle interventions to effectively address obesity. Emphasizing manageable shifts, such as 10-min reallocations, could have significant public health implications, promoting sustainable lifestyle changes that accommodate individuals with diverse needs, including those with severe obesity.

• MeSH
• akcelerometrie MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• cvičení * MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• léčba obezity * metody   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• obezita * MeSH
• obvod pasu MeSH
• sedavý životní styl * MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• spánek MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• metaanalýza MeSH

Background/Objective: The second edition of the Czech Republic's Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth was released in 2022. This paper describes the development of the Report Card and presents a comprehensive summary of the main findings. Methods: The multi-level search strategy was developed by the national expert panel to identify the available sources that provide data related to the physical activity of Czech children and adolescents. The data were used to assign grades to ten core and two additional indicators. Results: A total of 28 sources provided data that allowed grades to be assigned to 11 out of the 12 indicators. Grade B was assigned to six indicators (School: B+, Community and Environment: B, Organized Sport and Physical Activity: B-, Active Transportation: B-, Family and Peers: B-, Sleep: B-), grade C to three indicators (Overall Physical Activity: C+, Active Play: C, Physical Literacy: C), and grade D to two indicators (Government: D+, Sedentary Behaviors: D). No grade for the "Physical Fitness" indicator could be assigned due to a lack of data collected in the reference period 2018-2019. Conclusions: Although the family, school, and built environment provided a variety of opportunities to be physically active, a high proportion of children and adolescents did not meet the current physical activity guideline and were exposed to excessive sedentary behavior. A multisectoral and multidisciplinary response is required to reduce the health and economic burden of physical inactivity and excessive sedentary behavior among Czech children and adolescents.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND & AIMS: The aims of this study were to examine the prospective compositional associations between sedentary behaviour (SB) patterns and longitudinal changes in body composition parameters, and to use compositional isotemporal substitution modelling to analyse the longitudinal changes in body composition parameters associated with time reallocation from SB to physical activity (PA) in older women. METHODS: The study included women aged 60 years and older (n = 182) with valid data at baseline and at the subsequent 7-year follow-up. For both time points, the ActiGraph GT1M accelerometer was used for SB and PA assessments and multi-frequency bioimpedance analysis was used to assess the body composition parameters related to adiposity and muscle mass. Compositional regression models were used to analyse the associations between proportion of time spent in sedentary bouts of different duration and longitudinal changes in body composition parameters. A compositional isotemporal substitution model was created to estimate the differences in body composition parameters associated with one-to-one time reallocations between baseline SB and PA. RESULTS: A significant increase in fat mass index (βilr1 = 0.61, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.18, 1.04) and visceral adipose tissue (βilr1 = 6.01, 95% CI: 1.52, 10.5) was associated with a higher baseline proportion of time spent in long sedentary bouts (i.e. sedentary bout of ≥30 min). Reallocating 1 h/week and 3.5 h/week from the time spent in long sedentary bouts in favour of light PA was associated with a significant decrease in fat mass index by 0.78% (95% CI: 0.24, 1.32) and 3.13% (95% CI: 0.97, 5.29), respectively. No association was found for indicators of muscle mass. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that long-term adiposity status could be improved by increasing the proportion of time spent in light PA at the expense of time spent in prolonged SB. This finding may help in designing more effective and feasible interventions for the maintenance of healthy body composition in advanced age.

• MeSH
• adipozita MeSH
• cvičení MeSH
• kosterní svaly fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nitrobřišní tuk MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• sedavý životní styl * MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• složení těla * MeSH
• tuková tkáň MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

BACKGROUND: Little is known on how context-specific sedentary behaviors (SB) affect adiposity. This study aimed to investigate compositional associations between context-specific SB and adiposity and estimate the differences in adiposity associated with replacing school and out-of-school SB with physical activity (PA). METHODS: This study included 336 children and adolescents. Time spent in SB and PA was estimated using multi-day 24-hour raw accelerometer data. SB and PA were specified for school and out-of-school times. Fat mass percentage (FM%) and fat mass index (FMI) were used as adiposity indicators. A compositional isotemporal substitution model was used to estimate differences in adiposity associated with one-to-one reallocations of time from context-specific SB to PA. RESULTS: Participants spent approximately two thirds of their school and out-of-school time being sedentary. Relative to the remaining 24-h movement behaviors, significant associations between out-of-school SB and adiposity were found in both boys (βilr1 = 0.63, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.03-1.22 for FM%; βilr1 = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.03-1.49 for FMI) and girls (βilr1 = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.25-0.98 for FM%; βilr1 = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.28-1.32 for FMI). Replacing 30 min/day of out-of-school SB with out-of-school light PA decreased FM% by 10.1% (95% CI = 3.3-17.9) and FMI by 14% (95% CI = 2.7-24) in girls. No significant associations were found for school SB. CONCLUSIONS: A reduction of out-of-school SB in favor of light PA should be advocated as an appropriate target for interventions and strategies to prevent childhood obesity.

• MeSH
• adipozita * MeSH
• akcelerometrie MeSH
• cvičení * MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• sedavý životní styl * MeSH
• školy MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

BACKGROUND: To examine compositional associations between short sleep duration and sedentary behavior (SB), light physical activity (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) among children and adolescents. METHODS: Multi-day 24-h data on sleep, SB, LPA and MVPA were collected using accelerometers among 343 children (8-13 years old) and 316 adolescents (14-18 years old). Children and adolescents with sleep duration of < 9 and < 8 h, respectively, were classified as short sleepers. Robust compositional regression analysis was used to examine the associations between short sleep duration and the waking-time composition. RESULTS: Seventy-one percent of children and 75.3% of adolescents were classified as short sleepers. In children, being a short sleeper was associated with higher SB by 95 min/day (p < 0.001) and lower MVPA by 16 min/day (p = 0.002). Specifically, it was associated with a higher amount of time spent in long sedentary bouts (βilr1 = 0.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.29 to 0.62) and lower amounts of time spent in sporadic SB (βilr1 = - 0.17, 95% CI = -0.24 to - 0.10), sporadic LPA (βilr1 = - 0.09, 95% CI = -0.14 to - 0.04) and sporadic MVPA (βilr1 = - 0.17, 95% CI = -0.25 to - 0.10, p < 0.001 for all), relative to the remaining behaviours. In adolescents, being a short sleeper was associated with a higher amount of time spent in SB by 67 min/day (p = 0.001) and lower LPA by 2 min/day (p = 0.035). Specifically, it was associated with more time spent in sedentary bouts of 1-9 min (βilr1 = 0.08, 95% CI = 0.02 to 0.14, p = 0.007) and 10-29 min (βilr1 = 0.10, 95% CI = 0.02 to 0.18, p = 0.015), relative to the remaining behaviours. CONCLUSIONS: Among children and adolescents, short sleep duration seems to be highly prevalent and associated with less healthy waking time. Public health interventions and strategies to tackle the high prevalence of short sleep duration among children and adolescents are warranted.

• MeSH
• akcelerometrie MeSH
• analýza dat MeSH
• cvičení * MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• sedavý životní styl * MeSH
• spánek * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

BACKGROUND: Between-person differences in sedentary patterns should be considered to understand the role of sedentary behavior (SB) in the development of childhood obesity. This study took a novel approach based on compositional data analysis to examine associations between SB patterns and adiposity and investigate differences in adiposity associated with time reallocation between time spent in sedentary bouts of different duration and physical activity. METHODS: An analysis of cross-sectional data was performed in 425 children aged 7-12 years (58% girls). Waking behaviors were assessed using ActiGraph GT3X accelerometer for seven consecutive days. Multi-frequency bioimpedance measurement was used to determine adiposity. Compositional regression models with robust estimators were used to analyze associations between sedentary patterns and adiposity markers. To examine differences in adiposity associated with time reallocation, we used the compositional isotemporal substitution model. RESULTS: Significantly higher fat mass percentage (FM%; βilr1 = 0.18; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.34; p = 0.040) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT; βilr1 = 0.37; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.71; p = 0.034) were associated with time spent in middle sedentary bouts in duration of 10-29 min (relative to remaining behaviors). No significant associations were found for short (< 10 min) and long sedentary bouts (≥30 min). Substituting the time spent in total SB with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was associated with a decrease in VAT. Substituting 1 h/week of the time spent in middle sedentary bouts with MVPA was associated with 2.9% (95% CI: 1.2, 4.6), 3.4% (95% CI: 1.2, 5.5), and 6.1% (95% CI: 2.9, 9.2) lower FM%, fat mass index, and VAT, respectively. Moreover, substituting 2 h/week of time spent in middle sedentary bouts with short sedentary bouts was associated with 3.5% (95% CI: 0.02, 6.9) lower FM%. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that adiposity status could be improved by increasing MVPA at the expense of time spent in middle sedentary bouts. Some benefits to adiposity may also be expected from replacing middle sedentary bouts with short sedentary bouts, that is, by taking standing or activity breaks more often. These findings may help design more effective interventions to prevent and control childhood obesity.

• MeSH
• adipozita * MeSH
• akcelerometrie MeSH
• analýza dat MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• sedavý životní styl * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

BACKGROUND: The main aim of the study was to examine the cross-sectional associations between objectively measured physical activity (PA) and body fatness in 7-12-year-old children. METHODS: We performed an analysis of 365 children (209 girls). Participant recruitment was performed in eight randomly selected elementary schools in cities and towns with various numbers of inhabitants. The body composition analysis was performed according to a multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis; PA was monitored using an accelerometer. RESULTS: In terms of the overall PA, boys were more active than girls. No significant associations (unadjusted and adjusted models) were found between light PA and all body fatness indicators in either sex. Moderate-to-vigorous PA was significantly negatively associated with all body fatness indicators only in girls. These associations strengthened after adjustment for age, height and sedentary time (β ranging from -0.49 to -0.36, P ≤ 0.01). In contrast, vigorous PA was strongly negatively associated with body fatness indicators only in boys. In the fully adjusted model the significant negative associations were found for fat mass percentage (β = -0.15, P = 0.048) and fat mass index (β = -0.15, P = 0.040). CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggests that increasing sex-specific PA of different intensities may be an appropriate approach for decreasing body fatness in children. Longitudinal studies are needed to verify these associations.

• MeSH
• akcelerometrie MeSH
• cvičení * MeSH
• distribuce tělesného tuku * MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nitrobřišní tuk metabolismus   MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

There is no general consensus regarding which accelerometer cut-off point (CoP) is most acceptable to estimate the time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in children and choice of an appropriate CoP primarily remains a subjective decision. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the influence of CoP selection on the mean MVPA and to define the optimal thresholds of MVPA derived from different accelerometer CoPs to avoid overweight/obesity and adiposity in children aged 7 to 12 years. Three hundred six children participated. Physical activity (PA) was monitored for seven consecutive days using an ActiGraph accelerometer (model GT3X) and the intensity of PA was estimated using the five most frequently published CoPs. Body adiposity was assessed using a multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis. There was found a wide range of mean levels of MVPA that ranged from 27 (Puyau CoP) to 231 min∙d-1 (Freedson 2005 CoP). A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that the optimal thresholds for counts per minute (cpm) and MVPA derived from the Puyau CoP was the most useful in classifying children according to their body mass index (BMI) and fat mass percentage (FM%). In the total sample, the optimal thresholds of the MVPA derived from the Puyau CoP were 22 and 23 min∙d-1 when the categories based on BMI and FM%, respectively, were used. The children who did not meet these optimal thresholds had a significantly increased risk of being overweight/obese (OR = 2.88, P < 0.01) and risk of having excess fat mass (OR = 2.41, P < 0.01). In conclusion, the decision of selecting among various CoPs significantly influences the optimal levels of MVPA. The Puyau CoP of 3 200 cmp seems to be the most useful for defining the optimal level of PA for pediatric obesity prevention.

• MeSH
• adipozita MeSH
• akcelerometrie MeSH
• cvičení * MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• obezita dětí a dospívajících prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• odds ratio MeSH
• plocha pod křivkou MeSH
• ROC křivka MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: The Czech Republic lacks body composition data for women. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to analyze body composition [body fat mass (BFM), fat-free mass (FFM), body fat percentage (%BFM) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT)] and to evaluate the changes that occur with aging in women aged 18-89 years. We also analyzed anthropometric characteristics of study participants and developed age-specific percentile curves for body composition parameters. METHODS: A cross-sectional, non-randomized study was conducted with a sample of 1,970 apparently healthy Czech women. Body composition was measured using a direct segmental multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (BSM-BIA). RESULTS: The mean BFM was 19.7 ± 8.9 kg, and BFM reached its peak in women over 70, at 27.6 ± 8.8 kg. There was a strong correlation between BFM and age (r = 0.61; r (2) = 0.37). Fifty percent of the women in the study had a BFM between 13.0 and 25.0 kg. The %BFM (r = 0.69; r (2) = 0.47) and VAT (r = 0.88; r (2) = 0.77) were also significantly associated with age. The reference range for %BFM was 22.0-35.6 % (25th-75th percentile). The mean FFM was 45.8 ± 5.5 kg, and FFM decreased with age (r = -0.27; r (2) = 0.07). CONCLUSIONS: The results presented in this study showed a statistically significant increase in BFM, %BFM and VFA as age increased, and the values reached their peak in women over 70. Even when FFM decreased slightly with age, body weight increased because of the increase in BFM.

• MeSH
• běloši MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• nitrobřišní tuk metabolismus   MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• referenční hodnoty MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• složení těla * MeSH
• stárnutí fyziologie   MeSH
• tělesná hmotnost MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Východisko. Pro hodnocení výskytu nadváhy a obezity se v současné době nejčastěji využívá body mass index (BMI). Tento hmotnostně-výškový index však neumožňuje postihnout proměnlivost a změny v zastoupení základních tělesných složek, a proto se mohou informace o výskytu nadváhy a obezity dle BMI významně odlišovat od údajů vycházejících z procentuálního zastoupení tělesného tuku (%BFM). Z výše uvedeného důvodu bylo primárním cílem prezentované studie stanovit výskyt nadváhy a obezity na základě %BFM a vztáhnouttyto hodnoty ke kategorizaci dle BMI u žen ve věku 55–84 let. Metody a výsledky. Na výzkumu participovalo 446 žen s průměrným věkem65,8 ? 6,4 let. Všechny ženy podstoupily diagnostiku tělesného složení na přístroji InBody 720. Naše výsledky poukazují na vysoký výskyt nadváhy a obezity. Počet obézních žen se s rostoucím věkem zvyšoval. Největší procento obézních jsme zaznamenali u 80letých žen. Hodnocení obezity dle BMI se zdá být objektivní pouze u skupiny žen s BMI > 30 kg/m2,ve které nevykazovalo obezitu (hodnoceno dle %BFM) pouze 1 % žen. Naopak u kategorie žen s BMI v rozmezí 18,5–24,9 kg/m2 a 25,0–29,9 kg/m2 jsme zaznamenali vysoký počet žen, jejichž %BFM odpovídalo obezitě. Závěry. Z prezentovaných výsledků vyplývá, že již při nižších hodnotách BMI (tj. < 30 kg/m2) může být u daného jedince diagnostikovaná obezita. Z tohoto důvodu doporučujeme u této věkové kategorie hodnotit výskyt obezity především dle %BFM.

Background. Currently, body mass index (BMI) is frequently used for evaluation of obesity prevalence. This weight to height index does not reflect variability and changes in body composition components, and therefore, the BMI prevalence data may significantly differ from those based on the body fat percentage (%BFM). For the above reason, the primary aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity according to %BFM and relate these data to BMI categories in women aged 55–84 years. Methods and results. 446 females with an average age of 65.8 ? 6.4 years participated in this study. Body composition was measured using InBody 720. Our results have shown high prevalence of overweight and obesity in the study sample. Number of obese subjects increased with increasing age. We found the highest prevalence of obesity in females over 80 years. Evaluation of obesity according to BMI seems to be accurate in women with BMI > 30 kg/m2. We found only 1% of nonobese subjects (evaluated according to %BFM) in this BMI category. In contrast, there was found a large number of subjects with obesity (evaluated according to %BFM) among women in 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2 and 25.0 to 29.9 kg/m2 BMI categories. Conclusions. The results have shown that obesity may be diagnosed in women with lower BMI (i.e., < 30 kg/m2). For this reason we recommend to evaluate the prevalence of obesity primarily from BFM% in this age group.

• MeSH
• antropometrie MeSH
• distribuce tělesného tuku MeSH
• elektrická impedance * MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti * MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nadváha * MeSH
• obezita * MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH
• tělesné váhy a míry MeSH
• tuková tkáň * MeSH
• výzkum MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH