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1. Autor: Nociar, Alojz

17 záznamů v Medvik Filtry

Článek

Substance use among European students: east - west comparison between 1995 and 2011

Nociar, Alojz, 1948-
Autor Autorita Department of Psychology, St. Elisabeth University of Health and Social Work, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
Sierosławski, Janusz
Autor Sierosławski, Janusz Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
Csémy, Ladislav, 1956-
Autor Autorita ORCID Prague Psychiatric Centre, Prague, Czech Republic

Central European Journal of Public Health. 2016 ; 24 (4) : 281-288.

Cent. Eur. J. Public Health
ISSN 1210-7778
Medvik
Zdroj

AIM: TheAIM of the study was to investigate long-term trends differences in student substance misuse between countries of former Eastern Bloc (FEB) and Western Europe (WEST). Overall data on student substance misuse gathered in five waves of the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and other Drugs (ESPAD) conducted between 1995 and 2011 were pooled and analysed. Findings were compared between FEB and WEST countries at the five time-points of data collection. METHODS: Over 396,000 of 16 years old students from thirteen FEB and thirteen WEST countries completed anonymous ESPAD questionnaires. The following data were compared by Wilcoxon test: proportion of students with experience of taking a legal drug at less than 13 years of age (early onset), regular tobacco use, emerging signs of alcohol abuse, and differences in prevalence of illegal drug use. RESULTS: Significant differences in selected variables were found in the early onset of legal and illegal drug use between FEB and WEST countries. On the contrary, no significant differences were present when several random samples from the pool of 26 participating countries were drawn and compared. This strengthens our confidence that the differences between FEB and WEST countries did not occur due to chance. CONCLUSIONS: Student drug use in FEB countries tended to follow the trends and patterns of legal and illegal drug use in WEST countries with some time lag. At the times of decline in use of both, legal and illegal substances in the WEST countries, the FEB countries were experiencing increase and later on stabilisation in drug use. The possible explanatory factors including the impact of profound political, cultural and socio-economic changes following the fall of the Iron Curtain in 1989 were discussed. The implications of these trends and suggestions for drug prevention strategies were outlined.

MeSH
lidé MeSH
mladiství MeSH
poruchy spojené s užíváním psychoaktivních látek epidemiologie MeSH
průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
studenti statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
Check Tag
lidé MeSH
mladiství MeSH
mužské pohlaví MeSH
ženské pohlaví MeSH
Publikační typ
časopisecké články MeSH
srovnávací studie MeSH
Geografické názvy
Evropa epidemiologie MeSH
východní Evropa epidemiologie MeSH

Článek

Estimations of alcohol dependence levels among 15 – 19 years old students in Slovakia [Odhady prevalencie závislosti od alkoholu u 15 – 19 ročných študentov na Slovensku]

Nociar, Alojz, 1948-
Autor Autorita Research Institute for Child Psychology and Pathopsychology

Alkoholizmus a drogové závislosti. 2007 ; 42 (3) : 145-162.

Alkohol. drog. Závisl.
Medvik
Zdroj

Cieľovou populáciou pre reprezentatívne školské prieskumy u žiakov a študentov na Slovensku boli 11- až 15-roční žiaci 5. až 9. ročníkov základných škôl, ako aj študenti 1. až 4. ročníkov stredných škôl vo veku 16 – 19 rokov. Vzhľadom na Deklaráciu o mladých ľuďoch a alkohole z konferencie minístrov v Štokholme roku 2001, ktorej ciele mali členské štáty WHO-EURO splniť a zhodnotiť v roku 2006, sa prieskumy rozšírili o otázky na odhad veku prvej skúsenosti s pitím troch hlavných druhov alkoholických nápojov a ich pravidelného pitia, ako aj problémového pitia a závislosti od alkoholu. Dve vzorky sa skladajú z 6 866 žiakova 6 935 študentov, použitou metódou boli krátke dotazníky TAD1 a TAD2 (Tabak, Alkohol, Drogy) mapujúce užívanie legálnych aj nelegálnych drog u žiakov a študentov. Okrem toho sa pridali štyri otázky CAGE a 25 otázok Škály závislosti od alkoholu (ADS), ktoré sa administrovali spolu s dotazníkom TAD2. Výsledky u žiakov ukázali, že odhadovaný vek prvej skúsenosti i pravidelného pitia sa počas rokov 2002 - 2006 nezmenil. Výsledky u študentov ukázali, že u značného počtu sa prejavujú známky svedčiace pre rastúcu úroveň závislosti od alkoholu, a to viac u chlapcov ako u dievčat. Celkovo 5,7 % tejto vzorky študentov splnilo kritériá suspektného alkoholizmu podľa CAGE; a na druhej strane u 4,4 % sa prejavili zreteIné znaky od podstatnej po ťažkú závislosť od alkoholu podla ADS. Štúdia analyzuje aj súvislosti medzi frekvenciou užívania nelegálnych drog a odhadmi úrovní alkoholovej závislosti, ktoré dávajú určitú podporu pre tzv. teóriu prechodovej brány.

The target population for the 2006 representative school surveys in Slovakia were 11 to 15 years old pupils from 5 to 9 grades of primary schools, and secondary school students from grades 1 to 4, aged from 16 to 19. With respect to the Declaration on young people and alcohol from the ministerial conference in Stockholm in 2001, which goals had to be fulfilled and evaluated by the WHO-EURO member states till 2006, surveys were extended with questions on estimation of age of first experience with drinking of three main types of alcohol beverages and their regular drinking, as well as problem drinking and alcohol dependence. Two sample s consists from 6866 pupils and 6935 students, the method used were short TAD1 and TAD2 (Tobacco, Alcohol, Drugs) questionnaires mapping use of licit and illicit drugs among pupils and students. In addition four CAGE questions and 25 Alcohol Dependence Scales (ADS) items were administered along TAD2 questionnaire. The results among pupils had shown, that estimated age of the first experience and also regular drinking had not change during 2002 – 2006. The results had shown substantial proportion of students presenting some signs indicating growing levels of alcohol dependence, more among male then fem ale students. As much as 5.7 % of the sample fulfilled criteria of suspect alcoholism according to CAGE, and on the other hand 4.4 % displayed clear sign s of substantial and heavy dependence on alcohol, according to the ADS. The study has analysed also connections between frequencies of illicit drugs use and estimated levels of alcohol dependence, which indicated some support for so called gateway theory.