The co-occurrence of deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside with its parent toxin, deoxynivalenol, has been recently documented in many cereal-based foods, especially in those produced by enzyme-catalyzed processes. The presence of this masked mycotoxin in the human diet has become an issue of health concern, mainly because of its assumed bioavailability. A selective immunoaffinity-based preconcentration strategy, followed by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution orbitrap mass spectrometry, revealed that, in addition to the most common deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside, also oligoglycosylated deoxynivalenols with up to four bound hexose units were present in cereal-based products. The structure, origination, and fate of these deoxynivalenol conjugates during malt/beer production and bread baking have been thoroughly investigated. Special attention has been paid to the changes of deoxynivalenol conjugates enabled by industrial glycosidase-based enzymatic preparations. To the authors' best knowledge, this is the first study documenting the complexity of masked deoxynivalenol issue.
- MeSH
- Bread analysis MeSH
- Fusarium metabolism MeSH
- Glucosides chemistry MeSH
- Edible Grain chemistry MeSH
- Food Contamination analysis MeSH
- Molecular Structure MeSH
- Mycotoxins chemistry metabolism MeSH
- Beer analysis MeSH
- Trichothecenes chemistry MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
The objective of the presented study was to develop and optimize a simple, high-throughput method for the control of 32 mycotoxins (Fusarium and Alternaria toxins, aflatoxins, ergot alkaloids, ochratoxins, and sterigmatocystin) in beer. Due to the broad range of their physicochemical properties, the sample preparation step was simplified as much as possible to avoid analyte losses. The addition of acetonitrile to beer samples enabled precipitation of abundant matrix components. The clean-up efficiency was controlled by ambient mass spectrometry employing a direct analysis in real time (DART) ion source. For determination of analytes, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography hyphenated with high-resolution mass spectrometry utilizing an orbitrap (U-HPLC-orbitrapMS) or time-of-flight (TOFMS) technology was used. Because of significantly better detection capabilities of the orbitrap technology, the U-HPLC-orbitrapMS method was chosen as a determinative step and fully validated. To compensate matrix effects, matrix-matched calibration was employed. The lowest calibration levels for most of the target mycotoxins ranged from 1 to 8 µg L(-1) beer and the recoveries of analytes were in range from 86 to 124%.
- MeSH
- Acetonitriles chemistry MeSH
- Fusarium MeSH
- Mass Spectrometry methods MeSH
- Calibration MeSH
- Mycotoxins analysis isolation & purification MeSH
- Beer analysis MeSH
- Reproducibility of Results MeSH
- High-Throughput Screening Assays MeSH
- Sensitivity and Specificity MeSH
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
