Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia, but it is very difficult to diagnose with certainty, so many AD studies have attempted to find early and relevant diagnostic markers. Regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES, also known as C-C chemokine ligand) is a chemokine involved in the migration of T cells and other lymphoid cells. Changes in RANTES levels and its expression in blood or in cerebrospinal fluid have been reported in some neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease and multiple sclerosis, but also in metabolic diseases in which inflammation plays a role. The aim of this observational study was to assess RANTES levels in peripheral blood as clinical indicators of AD. Plasma levels of RANTES were investigated in 85 AD patients in a relatively early phase of AD (median 8.5 months after diagnosis; 39 men and 46 women; average age 75.7 years), and in 78 control subjects (24 men and 54 women; average age 66 years). We found much higher plasma levels of RANTES in AD patients compared to controls. A negative correlation of RANTES levels with age, disease duration, Fazekas scale score, and the medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA) score (Scheltens's scale) was found in AD patients, i.e., the higher levels corresponded to earlier stages of the disease. Plasma RANTES levels were not correlated with cognitive scores. In AD patients, RANTES levels were positively correlated with the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α, which is consistent with the well-known fact that AD is associated with inflammatory processes. RANTES levels were also positively correlated with insulin levels in AD patients, with insulin resistance (HOMA-R) and pancreatic beta cell function (HOMA-F). This study evaluated several clinical and metabolic factors that may affect plasma levels of RANTES, but these factors could not explain the increases in RANTES levels observed in AD patients. Plasma levels of RANTES appear to be an interesting peripheral marker for early stages of AD. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic on July 22, 2011.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia, with a prevalence that is rising every year. AD is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and insulin resistance, and is therefore sometimes called "type 3 diabetes mellitus". The aim of this study was to examine whether the variants of some candidate genes involved in the development of AD, namely BIN1 (rs744373), CLU (rs11136000), CR1 (rs3818361), and PICALM (rs3851179), are related to several disorders of glucose metabolism-gestational diabetes (GDM), T2DM and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Our study included 550 women with former GDM and 717 control women, 392 patients with T2DM and 180 non-diabetic controls, and 117 patients with IGT and 630 controls with normal glucose tolerance. Genotyping analysis was performed using specially-designed TaqMan assays. No significant associations of the genetic variants rs744373 in BIN1, rs11136000 in CLU, or rs3818361 in CR1 were found with GDM, T2DM or IGT, but rs3851179 in PICALM was associated with an increased risk of GDM. The frequency of the AD risk-associated C allele was significantly higher in the GDM group compared to controls: OR 1.21; 95% CI (1.03-1.44). This finding was not apparent in T2DM and IGT; conversely, the C allele of the PICALM SNP was protective for IGT: OR 0.67; 95% CI (0.51-0.89). This study demonstrates an association between PICALM rs3851179 and GDM as well as IGT. However, elucidation of the possible role of this gene in the pathogenesis of GDM requires further independent studies.

• MeSH
• adaptorové proteiny signální transdukční krev   genetika   MeSH
• alely MeSH
• Alzheimerova nemoc komplikace   genetika   MeSH
• běloši genetika   MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 2. typu genetika   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• frekvence genu MeSH
• genetická predispozice k nemoci MeSH
• genetická variace MeSH
• genetické asociační studie metody   MeSH
• gestační diabetes genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• jaderné proteiny krev   genetika   MeSH
• jednonukleotidový polymorfismus genetika   MeSH
• klusterin krev   genetika   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• monomerní proteiny vytvářející klathrin krev   genetika   MeSH
• nádorové supresorové proteiny krev   genetika   MeSH
• odds ratio MeSH
• porucha glukózové tolerance genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• receptory komplementu 3b krev   genetika   MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Alzheimerova nemoc je progresivní neurodegenerativní onemocnění charakterizované ukládáním β-amyloidu a hyperfosforylací τ-proteinu v postiženém mozku. Jedná se o multifaktoriální onemocnění, na jehož patologii se podílejí jak faktory genetické, tak faktory vnějšího prostředí. Kromě genetického pozadí Alzheimerovy nemoci se stále častěji diskutuje o pozadí biochemickém. Mezi jedny z biochemických markerů, které mohou ovlivňovat Alzheimerovu nemoc, patří adipokiny. Adipokiny jsou bílkoviny produkované tukovou tkání, které po vyplavení do krevního řečiště ovlivňují řadu procesů. Vliv adipokinů na rozvoj Alzheimerovy nemoci je patrný, avšak ne zcela jednoznačný. Tento přehled popisuje roli vybraných adipokinů při vzniku a rozvoji Alzheimerovy nemoci.

Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the deposition of β-amyloid and hyperphosphorylation of τ-protein in a brain. The pathology of this multifactorial disease is influenced by genetic as well as environmental factors. In addition to the genetic background of Alzheimer's disease, there are increasingly discussed biochemical background. Among some of the biochemical markers that can affect the Alzheimer's disease are adipokines. Adipokines are proteins secreted by adipose tissue, which after flooding to the bloodstream affect a variety of processes. The influence of adipokines in development of Alzheimer's disease is evident, however not entirely clear. This review describes the role of selected adipokines in the creation and development of Alzheimer's disease.

• MeSH
• adipokiny * fyziologie   MeSH
• adiponektin fyziologie   MeSH
• Alzheimerova nemoc * etiologie   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• energetický metabolismus fyziologie   MeSH
• komplement - faktor D fyziologie   MeSH
• leptin fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mitochondrie fyziologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• nikotinamidfosforibosyltransferasa fyziologie   MeSH
• resistin fyziologie   MeSH
• tuková tkáň metabolismus   MeSH
• zánět metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH