We investigated the role of the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism in tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced differentiation of human leukemic HL-60 cells using MK-886, an inhibitor of 5-LOX activating protein. MK-886 augmented cell cycle arrest and differentiation induced by TNF-alpha; however, both effects were probably 5-LOX-independent, because a general LOX inhibitor, NDGA, had no effect. Apoptosis was significantly elevated after combined TNF-alpha and MK-886 treatment, which could be partially associated with changes of Mcl-1 protein expression. NF-kappaB signalling or activation of JNKs were not modulated by MK-886. Thus, in addition to apoptosis, MK-886 can enhance TNF-alpha-induced differentiation.
- MeSH
- apoptóza MeSH
- arachidonát-5-lipoxygenasa metabolismus MeSH
- buněčná diferenciace MeSH
- buněčný cyklus MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- HL-60 buňky MeSH
- indoly farmakologie MeSH
- inhibitory lipoxygenas farmakologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
- signální transdukce MeSH
- TNF-alfa metabolismus MeSH
- viabilita buněk MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
Nitric oxide production by the hemocytes of the last instar larvae and sessile pharate prepupa of Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) was demonstrated in vitro in response to preparations of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli using the Griess reaction. Augmented, dose dependent nitric oxide production was observed in the pharate prepupal hemocytes compared with larval hemocytes. This was partially reversed in a dose dependent manner with S-methyl thiourea (SMT), a specific inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). A decrease in NO production was also observed when non-selective inhibitors such as N(G)-nitro-L-arginine (L-NAME) and N-omega-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA) were used, albeit the inhibition was not to the extent of SMT. Challenge with the entomopathogenic Gram-negative bacterium Photorhabdus asymbiotica also enhanced NO production by hemocytes of both stages. SMT, alone or in combination with P. asymbiotica significantly decreased levels of NO production. However, it was observed that phenoloxidase activity (a cascade for innate immune responses) was independent of NO production stimulation. NO donors, S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine (SNAP) and diethylenetriamine NO adduct (DETA/NO) at various concentrations (100-500 microM) resulted in the lysis of hemocytes dose dependently. The nitrite production in these cases was however similar to LPS stimulation (10 microg/mL) and 1.5-3 fold lower than those observed upon P. asymbiotica (2.5 x 10(7) cfu/mL) stimulation. Survival analysis (Kaplan-Meier) following injection of P. asymbiotica alone or in combination with SMT revealed that only 12.5% (median survival 25.5 h) of co-injected larvae of G. mellonella survived in comparison to 28.6% (median survival 29 h) survivors in P. asymbiotica alone-injected groups till the end of the study. In contrast, co-injected pharate prepupa survived longer (median survival 28 h) than the P. asymbiotica alone-injected individuals (median survival 24 h); however, both co-injected and P. asymbiotica-injected groups showed 100% mortality at the end of the study. Based on the above, we propose that although NO production is involved in cellular immune responses of this insect to bacterial infection it does not appear to be a part of the signalling pathway that initiates the prophenoloxidase (PPO) cascade, and the extended NO production/overproduction by pharate prepupal hemocytes could result in cytotoxic rather than cytoprotective effects compared with larval hemocytes.
- MeSH
- cytoprotekce fyziologie MeSH
- donory oxidu dusnatého farmakologie MeSH
- hemocyty metabolismus účinky léků MeSH
- kukla metabolismus MeSH
- larva metabolismus MeSH
- lipopolysacharidy farmakologie MeSH
- můry cytologie MeSH
- oxid dusnatý antagonisté a inhibitory biosyntéza toxicita MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
- MeSH
- apoptóza genetika MeSH
- buněčná diferenciace fyziologie MeSH
- HL-60 buňky fyziologie účinky léků MeSH
- kyselina arachidonová metabolismus MeSH
- leukotrieny fyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- prostaglandiny fyziologie MeSH
- tumor nekrotizující faktory fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- techniky in vitro MeSH
1. vyd. 162 s. : obr., grafy ; 24 cm
- MeSH
- aklimatizace MeSH
- biologická adaptace MeSH
- fyziologická adaptace MeSH
- fyziologický stres MeSH
- Publikační typ
- monografie MeSH
- Konspekt
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie
- NLK Obory
- environmentální vědy
- fyziologie
- MeSH
- dietoterapie MeSH
- energetický metabolismus MeSH
- myši MeSH
- teplota MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH