- MeSH
- kongresy jako téma MeSH
- nekuřácká politika * MeSH
- zdravotnická zařízení MeSH
- Publikační typ
- zprávy MeSH
Background and Objectives: There is little information on changes in the process and outcomes of intensive tobacco dependence treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic. The following characteristics were evaluated: interest in treatment, the number of face-to-face or telephone follow-ups, the duration of pharmacotherapy use, and the success rate. The aim of our study was to compare the number of patients who entered tobacco dependence treatment programmes and evaluate the one-year success rate in patients three years before and three years after the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: A single-site retrospective cohort study using data from patients treated at the Centre for Tobacco Dependence in Prague, Czech Republic, between 2017 and 2022 (n = 2039) was performed. The one-year abstinence rate was validated by measuring carbon monoxide in exhaled air (6 ppm cut-off). Patients were divided into two groups: the group for which treatment was initiated in 2017-2019 (i.e., before the COVID-19 pandemic, BC; n= 1221) and the group for which treatment was initiated in 2020-2022 (i.e., during the COVID-19 pandemic, DC; n = 818). Results: No significant differences in the success rate of tobacco dependence treatment were found between the two groups (BC group, 40.5% (494/1221) vs. DC group, 42.2% (345/818)) (χ2 (1, N = 2.039) = 0.6, p = 0.440). Furthermore, differences were not found in sex, education level, age at first cigarette, the duration of pharmacotherapy use, or the number of in-person visits. In contrast, there was an increase in the number of telephone contacts between the groups (18.7% (SD = 17.5%) vs. 32.9% (SD = 18.2%), p < 0.001). Conclusions: The number of patients who started treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic decreased by one-third compared to that during the 3-year period before the pandemic. The overall treatment success rate did not change significantly even with the increase in the number of telephone visits with the therapist.
- MeSH
- COVID-19 * epidemiologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- odvykání kouření metody statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- pandemie MeSH
- poruchy vyvolané užíváním tabáku * terapie epidemiologie MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Historie a hlavní aktivity Společnosti pro léčbu závislosti na tabáku (SLZT) za 30 let její činnosti jsou zaměřeny na pre/postgraduální edukaci lékařů, sester i farmaceutů, podílela se na několika publikacích, nejprve na doporučení pro odvykání kouření, později v letech 2005, 2015 a 2022 na doporučených postupech pro léčbu závislosti na tabáku, pomohla prosadit zdravotní výkony léčby závislosti na tabáku a alespoň minimální příspěvky zdravotních pojišťoven na léky závislosti na tabáku, byla u zrodu telefonní linky pro odvykání kouření. Publikovala a šíří desítky letáků pro pacienty se zaměřením na různé klinické oblasti dopadů kouření, lobbuje za lepší legislativu v oblasti kontroly tabáku, angažuje se v mezinárodním projektu „nekuřáckých nemocnic“ (GNTH – The Global Network for Tobacco Free Healthcare Services). Každoročně uděluje Cenu SLZT za šíření léčby závislosti na tabáku v daném oboru. Spolupracuje s ostatními klinicky zaměřenými odbornými společnostmi i Pracovní skupinou pro prevenci a léčbu závislosti na tabáku při České lékařské společnosti JEP.
History and main activities of the Society for the Treatment of Tobacco Dependence (SLZT) over its 30 years of activity are aimed at pre/postgraduate education of physicians, nurses and pharmacists, it has been involved in the publication of first smoking cessation recommendations, then in 2005, 2015 and 2022 guidelines for treatment of tobacco dependence, has supported payment codes for medical interventions for tobacco dependence treatment and at least minimal contributions from health insurance companies for tobacco dependence medications, and was at the birth of the smoking cessation helpline. SLZT has published and disseminated dozens of patient leaflets focusing on different clinical areas of the impact of smoking, lobbied for better tobacco control legislation, and is involved in the international smoke-free hospitals project (GNTH – The Global Network for Tobacco Free Healthcare Services). It annually awards the SLZT Prize for the dissemination of tobacco dependence treatment in the field. It collaborates with other clinically oriented professional societies as well as the Working Group on Prevention and Treatment of Tobacco Dependence of the Czech Medical Association of J. E. Purkyně.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- odvykání kouření MeSH
- poruchy vyvolané užíváním tabáku * MeSH
- společnosti lékařské * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
Buddhist meditation practices, including Samadhi meditation, which forms the basis for mindfulness practice, are broadly promoted as pathways to wellbeing, but evidence of their adverse effects is emerging. In a single-group observational study with assessments of autonomic system before, during, and after Samadhi meditation, we explore the relationship between post-meditation nausea symptoms and the degree of change in autonomic system activity during meditation as compared to before and after in 57 university students (42 women; mean age = 22.6) without any previous experience in meditation or yoga practices. We hypothesize that nauseous feelings in meditation are connected to a rapid increase of activity in the sympathetic nervous system, as indicated by decreased heart-rate variability (HRV). We additionally explore links between meditation-induced nausea and two markers of parasympathetic activity: increased HRV and vasovagal syncope. Engaging in meditation and increased nausea during meditation were both associated with increased markers of HRV parasympathetic activity, but 12 individuals with markedly higher nausea demonstrated increased HRV markers of sympathetic activity during meditation. Vasovagal syncope was observed but found to be unrelated to nausea levels. Drivers of adverse effects of meditation in some individuals require further investigation.
- MeSH
- autonomní nervový systém * fyziologie patofyziologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- meditace * psychologie MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- nauzea * psychologie MeSH
- srdeční frekvence * fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- pozorovací studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
BACKGROUND: There has been a noticeable relative increase in psychiatric comorbidities among smokers as opposed to the general population. This is likely due to comparatively slower decrease in smoking prevalence among individuals with mental health conditions. This study aims to assess the prevalence trend of past or current mental health disorders in individuals seeking specialized smoking cessation assistance. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective single-centre observational study to assess the presence of mental disorders such as anxiety, depression, bipolar affective disorder, or schizophrenia in personal history of 6,546 smokers who sought treatment at the Centre for Treatment of Tobacco Dependence in Prague, Czech Republic between 2006 and 2019. The study examined the impact of gender, age, and the effect of successive years on the prevalence of the mental disorders using Poisson distribution regression. RESULTS: In the studied cohort, 1,743 patients (26.6%) reported having one or more mental disorders. Compared to patients without a psychiatric disorder, they exhibited similar levels of carbon monoxide in expired air (mean 17 ppm, SD 11 ppm) and scored one point higher on the Fagerström Test of Cigarette Dependence. Among smokers with a mental disorder, women were more prevalent (62%) than men (38%). The prevalence of mental disorders increased on average by 4% every year, rising from 23% in 2006 to 35% in 2019. CONCLUSIONS: Consistent with the observation that the prevalence of smoking among people with any mental disorder is higher and declining at a slower rate than in the general population, there is a steadily increasing percentage of these patients seeking specialized treatment over time. Professionals who offer tobacco dependence treatment should be aware of the upward trend in psychiatric disorders among smokers, as more intensive treatment may be needed. Similarly, psychiatric care should pay attention to smoking of their patients.
- MeSH
- duševní poruchy * epidemiologie MeSH
- kuřáci MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- poruchy vyvolané užíváním tabáku * epidemiologie terapie MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- pozorovací studie MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The presented study examines the question of colour categorization in relation to the hypothesis of linguistic relativity. The study is based on research conducted by Gilbert et al. (2006) and their claim that linguistic colour categorization in a particular language helps colour recognition and speeds the process of colour discrimination for colours from different linguistic categories but only for the right visual field. Our study approached the research question differently. We used the same methodology as Gilbert's team et al. (2006), but we used different colour categories in the Czech language and significantly enlarged the number of participants to 106 undergraduate psychology students. Our results show that the fastest reaction times were in trials when the target was located in the left visual field, quite opposite from the Gilbert's et al. (2006) study. We argue that this finding is based on different processes than simple colour linguistic categorisation and attentional processes actually play an important role in the task.
- MeSH
- barva MeSH
- jazyk (prostředek komunikace) * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lingvistika MeSH
- pozornost MeSH
- vnímání barev * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Objectives: Our aim was to examine the relationship between weight concerns (WC) and smoking cessation. Methods: WC was assessed before smoking cessation treatment in 671 adult patients who completed a 12-month follow-up visit at the Centre for Tobacco-Dependent, Prague, Czech Republic, from 2013 through 2019. We evaluated the abstinence rate at 12-month follow-up. Results: Among 669 patients with baseline WC (mean age, 43.4 years), 47% were women (145/306) and 21% were men (78/363). No association existed between WC and abstinence at 12 months. Smokers with obesity had increased fear of gaining weight (34% versus 24% of overweight and 23% of healthy-weight smokers) (p=.034) and were less confident in their ability to maintain their current weight (36% versus 55% of overweight smokers and 59% of healthy- weight smokers) (p<.001). Conclusions: Many smokers are concerned about gaining weight after stopping smoking, but in this cohort of patients, having WC was not associated with 12-month abstinence, but obesity or overweight was related to being afraid of postcessation weight-gain and low confidence for maintaining weight. Practitioners should be aware of the prevalence of WC in those stopping smoking and should address concerns, such as poor motivation and low confidence about managing their weight.
Většina kuřáků je na užívání tabáku či nikotinu závislá nejen psychosociálně, ale i fyzicky, což se projeví abstinenčními příznaky při vynechání dávky. Ty patří mezi významné bariéry při odvykání. V rámci léčby závislosti na tabáku pomáhá stanovení míry abstinenčních příznaků v zaměření psychobehaviorální intervence, a především ve volbě druhu, dávky i délky farmakoterapie. „Minnesotská škála abstinenčních příznaků“, jeden z nástrojů, které jsou k tomuto účelu nejužívanější, byla v roce 2020 upravena. Přinášíme validizovaný překlad této aktualizace.
Most smokers are addicted to tobacco or nicotine not only psychosocially but also physically, what results in withdrawal symptoms after they miss their dose. These are one of the major barriers to quitting. In the treatment of tobacco dependence, the evaluation of the degree of withdrawal symptoms helps to guide psychobehavioral intervention and, above all, the choice of the type, dose, and duration of pharmacotherapy. The Minnesota Withdrawal Symptoms Scale is one of the most widely used for this purpose, revised in 2020. We present a validated translation of this update.
The use of nicotine pouches among children and adolescents has unfortunately become a very common phenomenon in the last few years. Until now, children and teenagers could even purchase nicotine pouches themselves without legal restrictions. Their use is very inconspicuous and difficult for parents, teachers and doctors to identify, which further contributed to their spread. Below I want to demonstrate two different case studies that show opposite sides of the spectrum: Most cases do not proceed as dramatically as the first case study describes, nor as smoothly as in the second case study.
Užívání nikotinových sáčků mezi dětmi i dospívajícími je v posledních několika letech bohužel velmi častým fenoménem. Dosud si nikotinové sáčky dokonce mohly děti i dospívající bez zákonného omezení samy zakoupit. Jejich užívání je velmi nenápadné a pro rodiče, učitele i lékaře těžko identifikovatelné, což dále přispělo k jejich rozšíření. Níže popisujeme dvě rozdílné kazuistiky, které se pohybují na opačných stranách spektra, většina případů neprobíhá ani tak dramaticky jako v kazuistice první, ani však tak bezproblémově a hladce jako v kazuistice druhé.
- Klíčová slova
- nikotinové sáčky, cytisin,
- MeSH
- chinolizidinové alkaloidy terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- nikotin škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- poruchy vyvolané užíváním tabáku * diagnóza terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
