Circular RNAs (circRNAs) make up approximately 10% of the human transcriptome. CircRNAs belong to the broad group of non-coding RNAs and characteristically are formed by backsplicing into a stable circular loop. Their main role is to regulate transcription through the inhibition of miRNAs' expression, termed miRNA sponging. CircRNAs promote tumorigenesis/lymphomagenesis by competitively binding to miRNAs at miRNA binding sites. In diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), several circRNAs have been identified and their expression is related to both progression and response to therapy. DLBCL is the most prevalent and aggressive subtype of B-cell lymphomas and accounts for about 25% to 30% of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas. DLBCL displays great heterogeneity concerning histopathology, biology, and genetics. Patients who have relapsed or have refractory disease after first-line therapy have a very poor prognosis, demonstrating an important unmet need for new treatment options. As more circRNAs are identified in the future, we will better understand their biological roles and potential use in treating cancer, including DLBCL. For example, circAmotl1 promotes nuclear translocation of MYC and upregulation of translational targets of MYC, thus enhancing lymphomagenesis. Another example is circAPC, which is significantly downregulated in DLBCL and correlates with disease aggressiveness and poor prognosis. CircAPC increases expression of the host gene adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), and in doing so inactivates the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling and restrains DLBCL growth. MiRNAs belong to the non-coding regulatory molecules that significantly contribute to lymphomagenesis through their target mRNAs. In DLBCL, among the highly expressed miRNAs, are miR-155-5p and miR-21-5p, which regulate NF-ĸB and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. The aim of this review is to describe the function and mechanism of regulation of circRNAs on miRNAs' expression in DLBCL. This will help us to better understand the regulatory network of circRNA/miRNA/mRNA, and to propose novel therapeutic targets to treat DLBCL.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
BACKGROUND: MicroRNAs are small non-coding one-stranded RNA molecules that play an important role in the post-transcriptional regulation of genes. Bioinformatic predictions indicate that each miRNA can regulate hundreds of target genes. MicroRNA expression can be associated with various cellular processes leading to the metastasis of malignant tumours including non-small cell lung carcinoma. This review summarizes current knowledge on the role of microRNAs in NSCLC metastasis to the brain and lymph nodes. METHODS: A search of the NCBI/PubMed database for publications on expression levels and the mechanisms of microRNA action in NSCLC metastasis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Dysregulation of microRNAs in NSCLC can be associated with brain and lymph node metastasis. There are differences in microRNA expression profiling between NSCLC with and without metastases but it is currently not possible to reliably predict the site of metastasis in NSCLC. Based on data from RNAmicroarrays, bioinformatics analysis is able to predict the target genes of highlighted microRNAs, providing us with complex information about cancer cell features such as enhanced proliferation, migration and invasion. Such microRNAs may then be knocked-down using siRNAs or substituted with miRNA mimics. RNA microarray profiling may thus be a useful tool to select up- or down-regulated microRNAs. A number of authors suggest that microRNAs could serve as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the treatment of NSCLC metastasis.
- MeSH
- down regulace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lymfatické metastázy MeSH
- metastázy nádorů MeSH
- mikro RNA fyziologie MeSH
- nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
- nádory kostí sekundární MeSH
- nádory mozku sekundární MeSH
- nádory plic etiologie MeSH
- nemalobuněčný karcinom plic etiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- MeSH
- aorta chirurgie patologie MeSH
- chirurgie plic metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lymfatické metastázy patologie MeSH
- nádory mediastina patologie MeSH
- nádory páteře chirurgie sekundární MeSH
- nádory srdce chirurgie sekundární MeSH
- nemalobuněčný karcinom plic * chirurgie klasifikace patologie MeSH
- pneumektomie metody MeSH
- stupeň nádoru MeSH
- vena cava superior chirurgie patologie MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
