A bone mineral density (BMD) test can provide a snapshot of bone health. The test identifies osteoporosis, determines the risk of fracture (broken bones), and measures the response to osteoporosis treatment. The study attempted to determine the effects of three different rest periods (30, 60, 120 sec.) as a variable factor in strength training on selected indicators of total bone density. The experiment involved four groups of five participants: three experimental groups and one control group. The study’s participants were characterized as athletic in ability, with strength sufficient training experience of more than 3 years and technical knowledge; the participants were male, aged 18-35 years (n = 20). To evaluate the effect of rest pauses in strength training on bone density, the states before and after the experiment were compared in individuals, the experimental groups and the control group. For analysis we use the BMD index (g /cm2), T-score, and Z-score. In the group which applied the 30-second rest period, the mean BMD increase was 0.0046 g/cm2 with a standard deviation of 0.0079 g/cm2, in the 60-second group it was -0.0260 g/cm2 with a standard deviation of 0.0412 g/cm2, and in the 120-second group it was 0.0082 g/cm2 with a standard deviation of 0.0168 g/cm2. At a statistical significance level of 5%, no significant difference in bone density was found between the groups for different rest pauses, but the factual significance of the relationship of strength training as a possible prevention of osteoporosis and solving problems of the musculoskeletal system.

BACKGROUND: Health inequities exist within and between societies at different hierarchical levels. Despite overall improvements in health status in European Union countries, disparities persist among socially, economically, and societally disadvantaged individuals. This study aims to develop a holistic model of health determinants, examining the complex relationship between various determinants of health inequalities and their association with health condition. METHODS: Health inequalities and conditions were assessed at the territorial level of Local Administrative Units (LAU1) in the Czech Republic. A dataset of 57 indicators was created, categorized into seven determinants of health and one health condition category. The necessary data were obtained from publicly available databases. Comparisons were made between 2001-2003 and 2016-2019. Various methods were employed, including composite indicator creation, correlation analysis, the Wilcoxon test, aggregate index calculation, cluster analysis, and data visualization using the LISA method. RESULTS: The correlation matrix revealed strong relationships between health inequality categories in both periods. The most significant associations were observed between Economic status and social protection and Education in the first period. However, dependencies weakened in the later period, approaching values of approximately 0.50. The Wilcoxon test confirmed variations in determinant values over time, except for three specific determinants. Data visualization identified persistently adverse or worsening health inequalities in specific LAU1, focusing on categories such as Economic status and social protection, Education, Demographic situation, Environmental status, Individual living status, and Road safety and crime. The health condition indices showed no significant change over time, while the aggregate index of health inequalities improved with widened differences. CONCLUSION: Spatial inequalities in health persist in the Czech Republic, influenced by economic, social, demographic, and environmental factors, as well as local healthcare accessibility. Both inner and outer peripheries exhibit poor health outcomes, challenging the assumption that urban areas fare better. The combination of poverty and vulnerabilities exacerbates these inequalities. Despite the low rates of social exclusion and poverty, regional health inequalities persist in the long term. Effectively addressing health inequalities requires interdisciplinary collaboration and evidence-based policy interventions. Efforts should focus on creating supportive social and physical environments, strengthening the healthcare system, and fostering cooperation with non-medical disciplines.

• MeSH
• disparity zdravotního stavu * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• veřejná politika MeSH
• zdravotní nespravedlnost MeSH
• zdravotní politika * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

The paper deals with changes in body composition (muscle mass, adipose tissue and bone mass), and changes in manifestations of maximal strength of extensors and flexors of lower and upper limbs in relation to different periods of rest (30 s, 60 s, 120 s). The research was carried out on 23 participants aged 18-30 years in natural bodybuilders of top performance, in a 5-week training intervention of bodybuilding training. At a statistical significance level of 5%, there was no significant difference in muscle tissue hypertrophy, although Group 2 (60 p.) Achieved a two-fold increase in percentage FFM compared to the other two groups, achieving a change of 1.18 %. At a statistical significance level of 5%, we noticed significant differences in the maximum force increase in knee joint flexors, and only in group 3 (120 s) by up to 11%. Significant differences in muscle strength increase were also observed in groups 2 and 3 in the elbow joint extensors and in the elbow joint flexors only in group 1.

Příručka, která se zaměřuje na zdravou výživu. Určeno široké veřejnosti.; Chcete začít zdravě jíst a lépe se starat o svoje tělo, ale nevíte, jak začít? Ztrácíte se v záplavě diet, které nikdy nefungují tak, jak byste si představovali? Tak by tato kniha pro vás mohla být tou pravou. Dozvíte se, jak si nastavit příjem energie podle vašich konkrétních potřeb, jaké potraviny jsou vhodné a jaké živiny obsahují, jak přistupovat k pitnému režimu a jak v tom všem vydržet. Získáte tak veškeré informace k tomu, abyste se mohli po vlastní ose vydat na cestu ke zdravějšímu životnímu stylu.

• MeSH
• fyziologie výživy MeSH
• jídelníček MeSH
• podpora zdraví MeSH
• potraviny MeSH
• zdravá strava MeSH
• Publikační typ
• populární práce MeSH
• příručky MeSH

• Konspekt
• Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie
• NLK Obory
• nutriční terapie, dietoterapie a výživa

Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous environmental bacteria that can induce pulmonary and non-pulmonary diseases in susceptible persons. It is reported that the prevalence of NTM diseases is increasing in developed countries, but this differs by regions and countries. NTM species distribution and the rate of diseases caused by NTM vary widely in the historical territories of Moravia and Silesia (Czech Republic). This epidemiologic study of NTM diseases covers the period 2012-2018, reviews isolates obtained from patients with clinical disease and investigates correlations with related socio-economic and environmental factors. Individual NTM patients were included only once during the studied period and results were presented as incidence rate per year. The most frequently isolated NTM meeting the microbiological and clinical criteria in the study were the Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex, followed by Mycobacteriumkansasii and Mycobacteriumxenopi. A previously described endemic incidence of M.kansasii in the Karviná district and M.xenopi in the Ostrava district was also observed in this study. The incidence of NTM patients in the whole studied territory was 1.10/100,000 inhabitants (1.33/100,000 in men and 0.88/100,000 in women). The annual incidence of lymphadenitis in children (≤5 years of age) was 2.35/100,000 of the population of children during the 7 year period but increased in the year 2018 to 5.95/100,000. The rate of human tuberculosis in the studied area was 1.97/100,000 inhabitants. The incidence of NTM pulmonary diseases correlated with a lower socio-economic status (r = 0.63) and a higher concentration of benzo[a]pyrene pollution in the air (r = 0.64).

• MeSH
• atypické mykobakteriální infekce epidemiologie   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• incidence MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• netuberkulózní mykobakterie * MeSH
• plicní nemoci epidemiologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• socioekonomické faktory MeSH
• životní prostředí MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are widely distributed in the environment. On one hand, they are opportunistic pathogens for humans and animals, and on the other hand, they are effective in biodegradation of some persistent pollutants. Following the recently recorded large abundance of NTM in extreme geothermal environments, the aim of the study was to ascertain the occurrence of NTM in the extreme environment of the water zone of the Hranice Abyss (HA). The HA mineral water is acidic, with large concentrations of free CO2, and bacterial slimes creating characteristic mucilaginous formations. Both culture and molecular methods were used to compare the mycobacterial diversity across the linked but distinct ecosystems of HA and the adjacent Zbrašov Aragonite Caves (ZAC) with consideration of their pathogenic relevance. Six slowly growing NTM species (M. arupense, M. avium, M. florentinum, M. gordonae, M. intracellulare) and two rapidly growing NTM species (M. mucogenicum, M. sediminis) were identified in the water and in the dry zones at both sites. Proteobacteria were dominant in all the samples from both the HA and the ZAC. The bacterial microbiomes of the HA mineral water and HA slime were similar, but both differed from the microbiome in the ZAC mineral water. Actinobacteria, a phylum containing mycobacteria, was identified in all the samples at low proportional abundance. The majority of the detected NTM species belong among environmental opportunistic pathogens.

• MeSH
• jeskyně mikrobiologie   MeSH
• mikrobiologie vody MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
• netuberkulózní mykobakterie izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Článek se zabývá epidemiologií zástupců komplexu Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTBC) v České republice v letech 2000 - 2016 s výjimkou původce M. tuberculosis. M. bovis bylo prokázáno u 18 pacientů. M. caprae bylo diagnostikováno u 2 pacientů v letech 2001 a 2016 a M. microti u 1 pacienta v roce 2007. M. africanum bylo prokázáno v roce 2011 u HIV pozitivní ženy z Nigérie. U zvířat bylo izolováno M. pinnipedii v roce 2009 u lachtana hřivnatého (Otaria flavescens) importovaného z Německa. M. caprae bylo izolováno v roce 2002 od 2 velbloudů dvouhrbých (Camelus ferus) chovaných v zoologické zahradě. M. tuberculosis bylo izolováno v roce 2004 od psa a v roce 2007 od 2 prasat domácích. V obou případech byl zdrojem M. tuberculosis infikovaný pacient. Při vyšetření 3 727 vzorků vod a sedimentů z prostředí nebyl ve sledovaném období prokázán žádný ze zástupců MTBC. Za současné rizikové faktory šíření původců MTBC je možné považovat infikované osoby pocházející z oblasti výskytu M. africanum (zejména západní Afriky) a infikovaná zvířata. Při zachování stávající epidemiologické situace nehrozí riziko přenosu MTBC syrovým mlékem ani tepelně neopracovanými mléčnými výrobky.

The paper concerns the epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) members except for M. tuberculosis in the Czech Republic in 2000 to 2016. M. bovis was confirmed in 18 patients. M. caprae was diagnosed in two patients in 2001 and 2016 and M. microti in one patient in 2007. M. africanum was detected in one HIV infected woman from Nigeria in 2011. As regards animals, M. pinnipedii was isolated in 2009 from one Southern sea lion (Otaria flavescens) imported from Germany. In 2002, M. caprae was isolated from two Bactrian camels (Camelus ferus) kept in a zoological garden. M. tuberculosis was isolated from one dog in 2004 and from two domestic pigs in 2007. In both cases, the source of M. tuberculosis was an infected patient. Upon examination of 3 727 environmental samples of water and sediments, none of the MTBC members was detected in the stu-died period. Infected persons coming from M. africanum endemic countries (especially West African countries) and infected animals can be considered as the current risk factors for transmission of MTBC species. If the epidemiological situation remains as it is now, there is no risk of transmission of MTBC species via milk or unpasteurised dairy products.

• MeSH
• divoká zvířata MeSH
• domácí zvířata MeSH
• ekologie MeSH
• kontaminace potravin MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrobiologie vody MeSH
• Mycobacterium * izolace a purifikace   patogenita   MeSH
• mykobakteriózy epidemiologie   MeSH
• tuberkulóza epidemiologie   patologie   MeSH
• zdroje nemoci MeSH
• znečištění vody MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Hesla byla pečlivě vybrána podle frekvence užití. Publikace obsahuje soudobou slovní zásobu, nevyhýbá se slangovým výrazům ani vulgarismům. Nabízí rovněž odborné termíny z oblasti vědy, techniky i ekonomiky. Základní frazeologie je doplněna o fráze, konkrétní spojení, významové charakteristiky a příklady užití. V anglicko-české části je uveden přepis výslovnosti, v případě rozlišné britské a americké výslovnosti obě varianty. Heslář provází detailní gramatická charakteristika, ať se týká slovních druhů, skloňování, časování, čísel, slovesných tvarů, počitatelnosti ad. V příloze je uveden přehled nepravidelných sloves. Ke knize je připojeno i CD, které umožňuje díky fulltextovému vyhledávání rychlé zobrazení hledaného hesla. Zobrazený překlad je možné zkopírovat v textovém editoru. V elektronické verzi lze listovat, vytvářet záložky, zapisovat poznámky, využít historii hledání, měnit velikost písma nebo si slovník vytisknout.

• Klíčová slova
• angličtina,
• Publikační typ
• slovníky MeSH

• NLK Obory
• lingvistika, lékařská terminologie