The spleen is one of the most commonly injured organ in blunt traumas to the chest and abdomen. Splenic injury can be a serious complication of fracture of the left 9th to 11th rib. The authors present a case report of a 65-year-old male patient with a blunt trauma to the left chest and abdomen, diagnosed with multiple left rib fractures, left hemothorax and splenic injury with a small subcapsular hematoma with no signs of active splenic bleeding. Due to hemodynamic instability and a large volume of blood loss via the chest drain, the patient was indicated for emergency left thoracotomy. A perforation in the lower lobe of the left lung caused by rib fractures was found, which was treated with sutures. Furthermore, the diaphragm was examined, two ruptures were identified from which blood was coming out, and thus a phrenotomy was performed. The bleeding central splenic rupture came as a big surprise. A spleen preserving surgery was impossible, therefore a splenectomy had to be performed, followed by chest wall stabilization with splints. Transthoracic approach to manage the splenic injury through phrenotomy should not be used as a standard. In a selected group of patients with concomitant chest and upper abdominal organ injuries, the use of this surgical approach appears to be highly beneficial. Key words: splenic injury, splenectomy, thoracotomy, rib fractures, diaphragmatic rupture.
- MeSH
- fraktury žeber * chirurgie MeSH
- hematom MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- poranění břicha * MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- splenektomie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
BACKGROUND: Surgical treatment of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) yields highest expectations for recovery. However, the frequency of further disease progression remains high since micro-metastatic disease may be undetected by conventional diagnostic methods. We test the presence and prognostic impact of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in peripheral blood (PB), tumor-draining pulmonary blood (TDB) and bone marrow (BM) samples from NSCLC patients. METHODS: The presence of circulating/disseminated tumor cells (CTCs/DTCs) was detected by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis in PB, TDB and BM samples before surgery in 119 stage IA-IIIA NSCLC patients (Clinical Trial NS10285). RESULTS: NSCLC patients with the presence of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) mRNA-positive CTCs/DTCs in TDB and BM had significantly shorter cancer-specific survival (CSS) (P<0.013, resp. P<0.038). Patients with the presence of epithelial cellular adhesion molecule (EpCAM) mRNA-positive CTCs in TDB samples had significantly shorter CSS and disease-free survival (DFS) (P<0.031, resp. P<0.045). A multivariate analysis identified the presence of CEA mRNA-positive CTCs in the PB as an independent negative prognostic factor for DFS (P<0.005). No significant correlation of CTCs/DTCs presence and other prognostic factors was found. CONCLUSIONS: In NSCLC patients undergoing radical surgery, the presence of CEA and EpCAM mRNA-positive CTCs/DTCs is associated with poorer survival.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: Diffuse peritonitis is an acute abdominal condition characterized by high mortality. The main treatment modality is surgery, requiring a subsequent prolonged hospital stay. These patients are, among other things, at risk of developing hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP), which considerably worsens their treatment outcomes. This study aimed to extend the existing knowledge by providing more detailed microbiological characteristics of complicating HAP in patients with secondary peritonitis, including the identification of isolated bacterial pathogens and their potential sources. METHODS: The 2015-2019 retrospective study comprised all patients with an intraoperatively confirmed diagnosis of secondary diffuse peritonitis who were classified in accordance with the quick Sepsis Related Organ Failure Assessment scoring system. RESULTS: HAP developed in 15% of patients. The 90-day mortality rates were 53% and 24% in patients with and without HAP; respectively. The most frequent pathogens responsible for HAP were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae complex and Enterococcus faecalis. Multidrug resistance to antibiotics was found in 38% of bacterial pathogens. Clonal spread of these bacterial pathogens among patients was not detected. Rather, the endogenous characteristic of HAP was confirmed. CONCLUSIONS: The initial antibiotic therapy of complicating HAP in patients with secondary peritonitis must be effective mainly against enterobacteria, including strains with the production of ESBL and AmpC beta-lactamases, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis. The study further highlighted the importance of monitoring the respiratory tract bacterial microflora in patients with secondary peritonitis. The results should be used for initial antibiotic treatment of complicating HAP instances.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- biologické markery MeSH
- bronchopneumonie * diagnóza epidemiologie komplikace mikrobiologie mortalita terapie MeSH
- cévní přístupy klasifikace MeSH
- chirurgie plic škodlivé účinky MeSH
- intravenózní infuze metody MeSH
- klinická studie jako téma MeSH
- klinické rozhodování MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pooperační komplikace * diagnóza epidemiologie mikrobiologie mortalita terapie MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- zajištění dýchacích cest metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
Úvod: Infekční komplikace po operacích plic jsou nejdůležitějším faktorem ovlivňujícím mortalitu a morbiditu, prodlužují délku hospitalizace a zvyšují finanční náklady. Třicetidenní mortalita po plicních resekcích dosahuje dle různých zdrojů 1−23 %. Infekční komplikace se na celkové mortalitě podílejí 20–75 %. Klinickým obrazem infekce je nejčastěji pooperační pneumonie (POP). Základem léčby infekcí je empirická a cílená antibiotická terapie. Časová prodleva zahájení účinné antibiotické terapie zásadně zvyšuje morbiditu i mortalitu. Pooperační pneumonie je definována podle současných guidelines Americké hrudní společnosti z roku 2016 jako nozokomiální nebo ventilátorová pneumonie u pacientů po chirurgickém výkonu. Metody: Zhodnocení rizikových faktorů, infekčních agens, morbidity a mortality u pacientů po plicních resekcích jednoho pracoviště v období od 1. 1. 2018 do 31. 12. 2019. Výsledky: Z našeho souboru 190 pacientů mělo POP 21 (11,1 %) pacientů, z toho 6 (33 % s POP) s těžkým průběhem, arteficiální oxygenaci pro saturaci pod 92 % vyžadovalo 11 pacientů s POP. Dva pacienti s POP museli být pro respirační selhání intubováni, tři pacienti vyžadovali podporu oběhu noradrenalinem. Jeden pacient s těžkou POP zemřel na multiorgánové selhání při rozvoji refrakterní sepse. Závěr: Časná identifikace plicní infekce a časné zahájení terapie POP jsou kritickými body pro redukci morbidity a mortality po plicních resekcích. Rozšířené antibiotické režimy pro POP stratifikují riziko mortality a infekce multirezistentními bakteriálními kmeny. Režimy však vyžadují modifikaci dle epidemiologické situace pracoviště s individualizací konkrétního postupu. Identifikace validních markerů počátečních fází infekce, cílenost antibiotické terapie dle stratifikace rizika a vztah fyziologické flory jsou dalšími úkoly výzkumu.
Introduction: Infectious complications after lung surgery are the most important factor that affects mortality and morbidity, prolongs hospital stays and increases financial costs. According to various sources, 30-day mortality after lung resections reaches 1−23%. Infectious complications account for 20−75% of overall mortality. The infections most often present as postoperative pneumonia (POP), and their treatment is based on empirical and targeted antibiotic therapy. Any time lag in initiating effective antibiotic therapy significantly increases morbidity and mortality. Postoperative pneumonia is defined according to current guidelines of the American Thoracic Society of 2016 as nosocomial or ventilator pneumonia in patients after surgery. Methods: Evaluation of risk factors, infectious agents, morbidity and mortality in patients after lung resections at a single site in the period from 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2019. Results: Of our group of 190 patients, 21 (11.1%) patients had POP which was severe in 6 (33% with POP) patients, and 11 patients with POP required artificial oxygenation for saturation below 92%. Two patients with POP had to be intubated for respiratory failure, and 3 patients required noradrenaline circulatory support. One patient with severe POP died of multiorgan failure after developing refractory sepsis. Conclusion: Early identification of lung infection and early initiation of POP therapy are critical points for reducing morbidity and mortality after lung resections. Advanced antibiotic regimens for POP stratify the risk of mortality and infection with multidrug-resistant bacterial strains. However, the regimes require modification according to the epidemiological situation at the site with individualization of the specific procedure. Other research tasks include identification of valid markers of the initial stages of infection, and targeting of antibiotic therapy according to risk stratification and the relationship with physiological flora.
- Klíčová slova
- pooperační bronchopneumonie,
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky * aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- infekce diagnóza etiologie farmakoterapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- plicní nemoci chirurgie komplikace MeSH
- pneumonie * diagnóza etiologie terapie MeSH
- pooperační komplikace etiologie farmakoterapie MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
INTRODUCTION: Diffuse peritonitis is a serious disease. It is often addressed within urgent management of an unstable patient in shock. The therapy consists of treatment of the source of peritonitis, decontamination of the abdominal cavity, stabilization of the patient and comprehensive resuscitation care in an intensive care unit. A number of scoring systems to determine patient prognosis are available, but most of them require complex input data, making their practical application a substantial problem. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to assess simple scoring systems within a cohort, evaluate the level of mortality, morbidity, and duration of hospital stay, followed by a comparison of the acquired data with the literature and determination of an easily implementable scoring system for use in clinical practice. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We evaluated a group of patients with diffuse peritonitis who underwent surgery in the 2015-2019 period. Medical history, surgical findings, and paraclinical examinations were used as the input for four scoring systems commonly used in practice-MPI, qSOFA, ECOG, and ASA. We compared the results between the systems and with the literature. RESULTS: Our cohort included 274 patients diagnosed with diffuse peritonitis. Mortality was 22.6%, morbidity 73.4%, with a 25.2 day average duration of hospital stay. Mortality and morbidity increased with rising MPI and qSOFA, well-established scoring systems, but also with rising ASA and ECOG, similarly to MPI and qSOFA. CONCLUSIONS: The utilized scoring systems correlated well with the severity of the condition and with predicted mortality and morbidity as reported in the literature. Simple scoring systems primarily used in other indications (i.e., ASA and ECOG) have a similar predictive value in our cohort as commonly used systems (MPI, qSOFA). We recommend them in routine clinical practice due to their simplicity.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death with a 5-year survival of only 21%. Reliable prognostic and/or predictive biomarkers are needed to improve NSCLC patient stratification, particularly in curative disease stages. Since the endogenous cannabinoid system is involved in both carcinogenesis and anticancer immune defense, we hypothesized that tumor tissue expression of cannabinoid 1 and 2 receptors (CB1 and CB2) may affect survival. METHODS: Tumor tissue samples collected from 100 NSCLC patients undergoing radical surgery were analyzed for CB1 and CB2 gene and protein expression using the quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The gene and protein expression data were correlated with disease stage, histology, tumor grading, application of chemotherapy, and survival. Additional paired tumor and normal tissue samples of 10 NSCLC patients were analyzed independently for comparative analysis of CB1 and CB2 gene expression. RESULTS: Patients with tumors expressing the CB2 gene had significantly longer overall survival (OS) (P<0.001), cancer specific survival (CSS) (P=0.002), and disease-free survival (DFS) (P<0.001). They also presented with fewer lymph node metastases at the time of surgery (P=0.011). A multivariate analysis identified CB2 tumor tissue gene expression as a positive prognostic factor for CSS [hazard ratio (HR) =0.274; P=0.013] and DFS (HR =0.322; P=0.009), and increased CSS. High CB2 gene and protein expression were detected in 79.6% and 31.5% of the tested tumor tissue samples, respectively. Neither CB1 gene nor CB1 or CB2 protein expression affected survival. When comparing paired tumor and tumor-free lung tissue samples, we observed reduced CB1 (P=0.008) and CB1 (P=0.056) gene expression in tumor tissues. CONCLUSIONS: In NSCLC patients undergoing radical surgery, expression of the CB1 and CB2 receptor genes is significantly decreased in neoplastic versus tumor-free lung tissue. CB2 tumor tissue gene expression is strongly associated with longer survival (OS, CSS, DFS) and fewer lymph node metastases at the time of surgery. More studies are needed to evaluate its role as a biomarker in NSCLC and to investigate the potential use of CB2 modulators to treat or prevent lung cancers.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Cysty mediastina představují nevelkou, avšak diagnosticky důležitou skupinu, která tvoří 5-18 % všech primárních tumorů mediastina. Perikardiální cysty jsou převážně benigního charakteru, lokalizované ve středním mediastinálním kompartmentu, zejména v pravém kardiofrenickém úhlu. Soubor 7 nemocných indikovaných k chirurgickému odstranění perikardiální cysty v letech 2009-2019 (5 žen a 2 mužů) byl hodnocen retrospektivně, průměrný věk pacienta 51,5 let. Cysty byly nejčastěji nacházeny v pravé pleurální dutině (5x), všechny byly kompletně odstraněny miniinvazivně, průměrný operační čas byl 51 minut. Průměrná doba hospitalizace byla 4, 57 dne, největší rozměr cysty byl 40x95 mm. U jedné nemocné se objevila po měsíci stehová píštěl v místě operační rány. Pacienti v našem souboru byli indikováni k operaci dle jasných indikačních kritérií, pooperační komplikace prakticky nebyly a závěrem lze konstatovat, že videothorakospická exstirpace je zlatým standardem k chirurgickém řešení perikardiálních cyst.
Mediastinal cysts represent a small, diagnostically important group that constitute for 5-18% of all primary tumors of the mediastinum. Pericardial cysts are predominantly benign in nature, located in the middle mediastinal compartment, especially in the right cardiophrenic angle. A group of 7 patients indicated for scheduled surgical removal of a pericardial cyst in the years 2009-2019 (5 women and 2 men) was evaluated retrospectively, the average age of the patient was 51,5 years. The cysts were most often found in the right pleural cavity (5x), all were completely removed minimally invasively, the average operating time was 51 minutes. The average length of hospitalization was 4.57 days, the largest size of the cyst was 40x95 mm. One patient developed a sutural fistula at the site of the surgical wound after a month. The patients in our group were indicated for surgery according to distinct indication criteria, there were practically no postoperative complications, and in conclusion it can be stated that videothoracoscopic exstirpation is the gold standard for the surgical treatment of pericardial cysts.
