Disasters involving radioactive materials are one of the most dangerous accidents a living organism can be exposed to. Individuals and first responders are in risk during accidents or interventions, due to radioactive debris impact, due to the use of depleted uranium ammunition or a malevolent act against individuals. Moreover, radioactive contamination of wounds causes internal exposure in the body and standard decontamination procedures cannot be applied. In order to deal with such situations, we are developing a measurement system consisting of a robotic arm, an array of various detectors and a corresponding methodology, which allows quantifying timely the spatial distribution of contamination and the radiation dose for the adequate medical response. The aim of this publication is to the present current status of the development of the described apparatus.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- radiometrie * MeSH
- uran * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Aim of a low radon cleanroom technology is to minimize at the same time radon, radon decay products concentration and aerosol concentration and to minimize deposition of radon decay products on the surfaces. The technology placed in a deep underground laboratory such as LSM Modane with suppressed muon flux and shielded against external gamma radiation and neutrons provides "Zero dose" space for basic research in radiobiology (validity of the LNT hypothesis for very low doses) and for the fabrication of nanoelectronic circuits to avoid undesirable "single event effects." Two prototypes of a low radon cleanroom were built with the aim to achieve radon concentration lower than 100 mBq·m3 in an interior space where only radon-free air is delivered into the cleanroom technology from a radon trapping facility. The first prototype, built in the laboratory of SÚRO Prague, is equipped with a standard filter-ventilation system on the top of the cleanroom with improved leakproofness. In an experiment, radon concentration of some 50 mBq·m-3 was achieved with the filter-ventilation system switched out. However, it was not possible to seal the system of pipes and fans against negative-pressure air leakage into the cleanroom during a high volume ventilation with the rate of 3,500 m3·h-1. From that reason more sophisticated second prototype of the cleanroom designed in the LSM Modane uses the filter-ventilation system which is completely covered in a further improved leakproof sealed metal box placed on the top of the cleanroom. Preliminary experiments carried out in the SÚRO cleanroom with a high radon activity injection and intensive filter-ventilation (corresponding to room filtration rate every 13 s) showed extremely low radon decay products equilibrium factor of 0.002, the majority of activity being in the form of an "unattached fraction" (nanoparticles) of 218Po and a surface deposition rate of some 0.05 mBq·m-2·s-1 per Bq·m-3. Radon exhalation from persons may affect the radon concentration in a low radon interior space. Balance and time course of the radon exhalation from the human body is therefore discussed for persons that are about to enter the cleanroom.
The time course of 137Cs activity in general population of the Czech Republic has been systematically followed since the Chernobyl accident in 1986. Either whole body counting or the determination of 137Cs content in 24-hour urine samples were used as a method of determination of body activity. Environmental and effective half-lives were calculated from the data. In the time period from 1986 to 1990 the effective half-life was 1.3 years; since 1990 up to present the half-life is 15 years. The older data on whole body activity of 137Cs from 1965 to 1985 were compiled and are presented as well. Apart from the general population, a group of people who have special dietary habits in terms of increased game meat consumption, namely wild boar meat, has been monitored since 2000. In this group, the body content of 137Cs is about two orders of magnitude higher than in the general population.
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- celotělové počítání MeSH
- černobylská havárie MeSH
- dieta MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- elektrárny MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lidské tělo MeSH
- maso * MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- monitorování radiace MeSH
- obsah radioaktivních látek v organizmu MeSH
- poločas MeSH
- prasata MeSH
- radioaktivní látky znečišťující půdu analýza MeSH
- radioaktivní spad analýza MeSH
- radioizotopy cesia analýza moč MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Sus scrofa MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Ukrajina MeSH
In this study, a soil from two ceramic vessels belonging to Corded Ware culture, 2707⁻2571 B.C., found in a cremation grave discovered in Central Moravia, Czech Republic, was analyzed using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization⁻mass spectrometry (MALDI⁻MS) combined with advanced statistical treatment (principal component analysis, PCA, and orthogonal projection to latent structures discriminant analysis, OPLS-DA) and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). MALDI⁻MS revealed the presence of triacylglycerols in both vessels. This analytical technique was used for the analysis of the soil content from archaeological ceramic vessels for the first time. Targeted ELISA experiments consequently proved the presence of milk proteins in both ceramic vessels. These results represent the first direct evidence of the use of milk or dairy products in the Eneolithic period in Moravian Corded Ware Culture and help to better understand the diet habits and living conditions of Eneolithic populations in Central Europe.
From around 4,000 to 2,000 BC the forest-steppe north-western Pontic region was occupied by people who shared a nomadic lifestyle, pastoral economy and barrow burial rituals. It has been shown that these groups, especially those associated with the Yamnaya culture, played an important role in shaping the gene pool of Bronze Age Europeans, which extends into present-day patterns of genetic variation in Europe. Although the genetic impact of these migrations from the forest-steppe Pontic region into central Europe have previously been addressed in several studies, the contribution of mitochondrial lineages to the people associated with the Corded Ware culture in the eastern part of the North European Plain remains contentious. In this study, we present mitochondrial genomes from 23 Late Eneolithic and Bronze Age individuals, including representatives of the north-western Pontic region and the Corded Ware culture from the eastern part of the North European Plain. We identified, for the first time in ancient populations, the rare mitochondrial haplogroup X4 in two Bronze Age Catacomb culture-associated individuals. Genetic similarity analyses show close maternal genetic affinities between populations associated with both eastern and Baltic Corded Ware culture, and the Yamnaya horizon, in contrast to larger genetic differentiation between populations associated with western Corded Ware culture and the Yamnaya horizon. This indicates that females with steppe ancestry contributed to the formation of populations associated with the eastern Corded Ware culture while more local people, likely of Neolithic farmer ancestry, contributed to the formation of populations associated with western Corded Ware culture.
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- běloši genetika MeSH
- dějiny starověku MeSH
- genom mitochondriální * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pastviny * MeSH
- starobylá DNA * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dějiny starověku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- historické články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Rusko MeSH
This work is focused on numerical calibrations of the body counter for in vivo measurement of pure beta emitters through the produced bremsstrahlung radiation. Calibrations were performed using the UPh-02T block whole-body phantom and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) realistic torso phantom. Neither of these physical phantoms is appropriate for such calibrations; therefore, specific 90Sr sources have been manufactured to be used with the UPh-02T phantom for experimental measurement followed with Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. Calibrations with the LLNL torso phantom were carried out solely using MC technique. Different scenarios of the 90Sr distribution in the human tissues were considered for the spectrometer calibrations. MC simulations with the LLNL confirmed the applicability of the UPh-02T with specific 90Sr/90Y sources for experimental calibrations of the body counters for measurement of pure beta emitters. Differences in count rates in 50-200 keV for UPh-02T and LLNL were not >25% for all considered scenarios.
Ingestion intakes of (137)Cs of the Czech population were calculated in two different ways - either from the measured activity of (137)Cs in components of food in combination with statistical data about consumption rates or from retention of (137)Cs in the human body obtained by whole body counting or calculated from daily urinary excretion of (137)Cs. Data from the time period since 1986 to 2015 are used. The daily ingestion intake was about 25 Bq d(-1) in 1986 and is around 0.1 Bq d(-1) at present. Both approaches of ingestion intake calculation have their advantages and disadvantages. Ingestion intake calculated from (137)Cs body content was assumed to be the most accurate as it requires fewer assumptions than the calculation from food consumption. However, calculation of (137)Cs intake from food consumption is an important tool for prediction doses after the release of radionuclides into environment. The best agreement exceeding the intakes from urine measurement 5 times at maximum was achieved when intakes calculated from food also included products from the natural environment. Without this, the ingestion intake could be under-predicted seriously up to 6 times, especially in the longer time after the release of (137)Cs into environment. Ingestion intakes up to 11 Bq d(-1) in a group of people with significant consumption of game meat containing elevated activity of (137)Cs activity were included as a special case. Various groups of foodstuffs had varying effects on the total committed effective dose from (137)Cs. Dose estimates for the Czech population from (137)Cs ingestion intake achieved 80 μSv in 1986 and not more than 2 μSv currently and were similar to those incurred by the population of neighbouring countries.
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- lidé MeSH
- přijímání potravy MeSH
- radiační expozice statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- radioaktivní kontaminace potravin analýza statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- radioaktivní znečišťující látky analýza MeSH
- radioizotopy cesia analýza MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- konfigurace, geometrie, detektory radiace, transuranium,
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- dávka záření MeSH
- lebka MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- plíce MeSH
- radiační ochrana * metody normy přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- radioaktivita MeSH
- radionuklidy metabolismus normy škodlivé účinky MeSH
- uran toxicita účinky záření MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- MeSH
- dávka záření MeSH
- fantomy radiodiagnostické MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- monitorování radiace metody přístrojové vybavení statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- náhlé příhody klasifikace MeSH
- nukleární lékařství - oddělení nemocnice statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- radiační poranění klasifikace MeSH
- radioizotopy cesia MeSH
- radioizotopy kobaltu MeSH
- radiometrie metody statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
