Autentizace rybích výrobků s využitím analýzy DNA vyžaduje zisk kvalitní DNA bez přítomnosti inhibitorů. V současné době jsou dostupné různé metody pro izolaci nukleových kyselin; pro svou rychlost a nenáročnost extrakčního postupu se staly velmi oblíbenými zejména silikátové centrifugační kolonky. Jejich nevýhodou však může být princip využívající záporný náboj DNA, který může být ovlivněn složením potravin, nebo jejich ucpání v důsledku špatné předúpravy vzorků. Cílem této práce bylo porovnat tři metody izolace DNA využívající různé principy (silikátové centrifugační kolonky, modifikované magnetické kuličky, cetyltrimethylamonium-bromid (CTAB) a chloroformová extrakce) a zhodnotit jejich vhodnost pro izolaci DNA z rybí svaloviny. Posuzovanými kritérii byla výtěžnost, čistota a amplifikovatelnost izolované DNA. Analyzována byla tkáň makrely obecné bez a s přídavkem přídatných látek běžně používaných při výrobě rybích produktů, konkrétně difosforečnanů (E 450) a barviv (E 110 a E 124), a následně byla vybraná metoda aplikována i na komerčně nabízené výrobky z ryb. Jako nejvhodnější se ukázala upravená metoda využívající detergent CTAB.
Authentication of fish products by DNA analysis requires the extraction of high quality DNA without the presence of inhibitors. Many nucleic acid isolation methods are currently available; silicate centrifugal columns have become very popular due to their speed and ease of extraction. However, their disadvantage may be the principle based on DNA charge, which may be affected by food composition, or clogging due to a poor sample pretreatment. The aim of this work was to compare three DNA isolation methods using different principles (silicate centrifugal columns, modified magnetic beads, Cetrimonium bromide and chloroform extraction) and to evaluate their suitability for DNA isolation from fish muscle. The criteria assessed were the recovery, purity and amplifiability of the isolated DNA. Mackerel tissue was analysed without and with the addition of additives commonly used in the manufacture of fish products, namely diphosphates (E 450) and colorants (E 110 and E 124), and the selected method was subsequently applied to commercial fish products. The modified method using the detergent CTAB proved to be the most suitable.
- MeSH
- analýza potravin metody MeSH
- DNA analýza izolace a purifikace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
- potrava z moře (živočišná) analýza MeSH
- potravinářské přísady analýza MeSH
- rybí výrobky * analýza MeSH
- ryby MeSH
- techniky amplifikace nukleových kyselin metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Alergie na červené maso tzv. neprimátních savců bývá poměrně vzácnou diagnózou. Častějším nálezem je primární alergie na hovězí maso, asociovaná s alergií na bílkovinu kravského mléka, která se vyskytuje především v raném dětském věku. V 90. letech minulého století byly identifikovány dvě nové formy alergických reakcí na červené maso: pork-cat syndrom a alfa-gal syndrom, vyskytující se především v dospělém věku. U obou jednotek je častá zkřížená reaktivita v rámci savčích alergenů a riziko spočívá v tendenci vystupňování alergických reakcí až do fáze systémové alergické reakce. Vzhledem k tomu, že červené maso představuje podstatnou složku stravy, je přínosné vědět o existenci této zkřížené reaktivity a znát rizika následků konzumace těchto potravin.
Allergy to the red meat also called non-primate mammals is a relatively rare diagnosis. More frequent is a primary allergy to beef as- sociated with an allergy to cow’s milk protein, occurring mainly in early childhood. In the 1990s, 2 new forms of allergic reactions to red meat were identified, pork-cat syndrome and alpha-gal syndrome, occurring mainly in adults. In both units, there is a strong cross- -reactivity within mammalian allergens and the risk is in the tendency for aggravated allergic reactions up to anaphylaxis. Since red meat is an essential part of the diet, it is beneficial to know the risks of these diseases.
- Klíčová slova
- pork-cat syndrom, alfa-gal syndrom,
- MeSH
- alergeny škodlivé účinky MeSH
- alergie na mléko MeSH
- červené maso škodlivé účinky MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- galaktosa MeSH
- kočky MeSH
- kousnutí klíštětem MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- potravinová alergie * diagnóza dietoterapie MeSH
- zkřížené reakce MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kočky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- citronový rostlinný olej,
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mozek růst a vývoj MeSH
- oleje rostlin terapeutické užití MeSH
- omega-3 mastné kyseliny * fyziologie nedostatek MeSH
- potrava z moře (živočišná) MeSH
- školy * MeSH
- stravovací služby * MeSH
- zánět prevence a kontrola MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
The populations of Japanese deer and boar have increased dramatically and have a serious impact on farming and mountain villages. Although the Japanese government promotes the use of captured wild animals, game meat is not subject to sanitary control considering that it is not subject to meat inspection or quality control. Here, we have attempted to isolate Staphylococcus aureus, a typical foodborne pathogen, as a part of an investigation of contamination in the meats of wild animals and their processing stages. We examined 390 samples of deer feces, 117 samples of wild boar feces, and 75 samples of disemboweled deer meat for isolation of S. aureus; ultimately, 30 (positive rate: 7.7%), 2 (1.7%), and 21 (28.0%) strains were isolated, respectively, from the samples. The genome sequences of these isolates were analyzed and were subjected to multilocus sequence typing. We identified 12 new sequence types (STs) and a dominant population of S. aureus with a characteristic genetic background in wild animals, namely, the ST groups derived from CC121 (number of strains = 39). These strains did not harbor the enterotoxin gene or only harbored egc-related enterotoxin, which is of low involvement in Staphylococcal food poisoning. However, one ST2449 strain, which produces causative enterotoxins, was isolated from a deer's feces. Since there are several common STs isolated from feces and dismembered meat and because fecal contamination during dismemberment is suspected, continuous monitoring and guidance for improving sanitary management conditions during processing and handling of the meat are highly warranted with immediate effect.
OBJECTIVES: To characterize the genetic basis of azithromycin resistance in Escherichia coli and Salmonella collected within the EU harmonized antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance programme in 2014-18 and the Danish AMR surveillance programme in 2016-19. METHODS: WGS data of 1007 E. coli [165 azithromycin resistant (MIC > 16 mg/L)] and 269 Salmonella [29 azithromycin resistant (MIC > 16 mg/L)] were screened for acquired macrolide resistance genes and mutations in rplDV, 23S rRNA and acrB genes using ResFinder v4.0, AMRFinder Plus and custom scripts. Genotype-phenotype concordance was determined for all isolates. Transferability of mef(C)-mph(G)-carrying plasmids was assessed by conjugation experiments. RESULTS: mph(A), mph(B), mef(B), erm(B) and mef(C)-mph(G) were detected in E. coli and Salmonella, whereas erm(C), erm(42), ere(A) and mph(E)-msr(E) were detected in E. coli only. The presence of macrolide resistance genes, alone or in combination, was concordant with the azithromycin-resistant phenotype in 69% of isolates. Distinct mph(A) operon structures were observed in azithromycin-susceptible (n = 50) and -resistant (n = 136) isolates. mef(C)-mph(G) were detected in porcine and bovine E. coli and in porcine Salmonella enterica serovar Derby and Salmonella enterica 1,4, [5],12:i:-, flanked downstream by ISCR2 or TnAs1 and associated with IncIγ and IncFII plasmids. CONCLUSIONS: Diverse azithromycin resistance genes were detected in E. coli and Salmonella from food-producing animals and meat in Europe. Azithromycin resistance genes mef(C)-mph(G) and erm(42) appear to be emerging primarily in porcine E. coli isolates. The identification of distinct mph(A) operon structures in susceptible and resistant isolates increases the predictive power of WGS-based methods for in silico detection of azithromycin resistance in Enterobacterales.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky * farmakologie MeSH
- azithromycin * farmakologie MeSH
- bakteriální geny MeSH
- bakteriální léková rezistence * genetika MeSH
- epidemiologické monitorování MeSH
- Escherichia coli * účinky léků genetika MeSH
- genotyp MeSH
- infekce vyvolané Escherichia coli mikrobiologie MeSH
- makrolidy farmakologie MeSH
- maso * mikrobiologie MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti * MeSH
- plazmidy genetika MeSH
- prasata MeSH
- Salmonella * účinky léků genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- sekvenování celého genomu MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
Gastroenteritis caused by Campylobacter represents the most common reported foodborne bacterial illness worldwide, followed by salmonellosis. Both diseases are often caused by the consumption of contaminated, insufficiently heated poultry meat. This can result from contamination of the meat during the slaughtering processes. Food contact surfaces like stainless steel or plucking fingers contribute significantly to cross-contamination of poultry carcasses. Modification of these surfaces could lead to a reduction of the bacterial burden, as already proven by successful application in various food industry sectors, such as packaging.In this study, nanoscale silica-coated and uncoated stainless-steel surfaces and plucking fingers were compared on a pilot scale regarding attachment and detachment of Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella Enteritidis and Escherichia coli.The bacteria did not adhere less to the coated plucking fingers or stainless-steel sections than to the uncoated ones. The coating also did not lead to a significant difference in detachment of Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella Enteritidis and Escherichia coli from the investigated surfaces compared to the uncoated ones.Our study did not reveal any differences between the coated and uncoated surfaces with regard to the investigated bacteria. In order to achieve a better adaptation of the coating to slaughterhouse conditions, future studies should focus on its further development based on the investigation of specific coating parameters.
- MeSH
- bakteriální adheze * MeSH
- Campylobacter jejuni * účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
- drůbež mikrobiologie MeSH
- Escherichia coli * růst a vývoj fyziologie MeSH
- jatka * MeSH
- kontaminace potravin prevence a kontrola analýza MeSH
- maso mikrobiologie MeSH
- nerezavějící ocel * MeSH
- oxid křemičitý chemie MeSH
- potravinářská mikrobiologie MeSH
- Salmonella enteritidis * účinky léků fyziologie růst a vývoj MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Forty different sample preparation methods were tested to obtain the most informative MALDI-TOF MS protein profiles of pork meat. Extraction by 25% formic acid with the assistance of zirconia-silica beads followed by defatting by methanol:chloroform mixture (1:1, v/v) and deposition by using the layer-by-layer method was determined as the optimum sample preparation protocol. The discriminatory power of the method was then examined on samples of pork meat and meat products. The method was able to discriminate between selected salami based on the production method and brand and was able to monitor the ripening process in salami. However, it was not able to differentiate between different brands of pork ham or closely located parts of pork meat. In the latter case, a more comprehensive analysis using LC-MS/MS was used to assess the differences in protein abundance and their relation to the outputs of MALDI - TOF MS profiling.
In contrast to the livestock industry, sperm cryopreservation has not yet been successfully established in the poultry industry. This is because poultry sperm cells have a unique shape and membrane fluidity, differing from those of livestock sperm. The objective of this review is to discuss the cellular and molecular characteristics of rooster spermatozoa as a cause for their generally low freezability. Furthermore, here, we discuss novel developments in the field of semen extenders, cryoprotectants, and freezing processes, all with the purpose of increasing the potential of rooster sperm cryopreservation. Currently, it is very important to improve cryopreservation of rooster sperm on a global scale for the protection of gene resources due to the incidence of epidemics such as avian influenza.
- MeSH
- drůbež MeSH
- kryoprezervace veterinární MeSH
- kryoprotektivní látky MeSH
- kur domácí MeSH
- motilita spermií MeSH
- sperma * MeSH
- spermie MeSH
- uchování spermatu * veterinární MeSH
- zmrazování MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
