During the last decade, the application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) as bioenhancers has increased significantly. However, until now, it has been difficult to verify the inoculation success in terms of fungal symbiont establishment in roots of inoculated plants because specific fungal strains could not be detected within colonized roots. Using mitochondrial large subunit ribosomal DNA, we show that Rhizophagus irregularis (formerly known as Glomus intraradices) isolate BEG140 consists of two different haplotypes. We developed nested PCR assays to specifically trace each of the two haplotypes in the roots of Phalaris arundinacea from a field experiment in a spoil bank of a former coal mine, where BEG140 was used as inoculant. We revealed that despite the relatively high diversity of native R. irregularis strains, R. irregularis BEG140 survived and proliferated successfully in the field experiment and was found significantly more often in the inoculated than control plots. This work is the first one to show tracing of an inoculated AMF isolate in the roots of target plants and to verify its survival and propagation in the field. These results will have implications for basic research on the ecology of AMF at the intraspecific level as well as for commercial users of mycorrhizal inoculation.
- MeSH
- DNA fungální genetika MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- genetické markery MeSH
- Glomeromycota genetika izolace a purifikace fyziologie MeSH
- haplotypy MeSH
- kořeny rostlin mikrobiologie MeSH
- mitochondriální DNA genetika MeSH
- mitochondrie genetika MeSH
- molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
- mykorhiza genetika izolace a purifikace fyziologie MeSH
- Phalaris mikrobiologie fyziologie MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce metody MeSH
- půdní mikrobiologie MeSH
- ribozomální DNA genetika MeSH
- sekvence nukleotidů MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
- sekvenční seřazení MeSH
- symbióza MeSH
- těžba uhlí MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
The terms 'brûlé' and 'burnt' are used to describe vegetation-devoid areas of the ground around a range of woody plants interacting with certain truffle species. Increasing interest is currently focused on a systematic search for and study of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by truffles in the course of their life cycle. These metabolites are now recognized as biochemicals with an important impact on burnt formation. Based on current molecular approaches, Tuber melanosporum is emerging as an aggressive colonizer of the brûlé, dominant in competition with indigenous brûlé-associated organisms, suppressing their richness and biodiversity. There is compelling evidence that mycelia, mycorrhizae, and fruiting bodies of brûlé-forming truffles have evolved diffusible metabolites for their survival, typically characterized as having harmful effects on weeds, impairing seed germination, altering root morphogenesis and plant hormonal balance, or inhibiting the native rhizospheric microflora regularly associated with the brûlé. These effects can be widely interpreted as allelopathic phenomena, and the brûlé may thus be regarded as a promising opportunity to study truffle allelopathy. Considering the outstanding success of the genome analysis in T. melanosporum, we are facing a very difficult task to proceed from the molecular to the ecological level.
- MeSH
- Ascomycota genetika fyziologie MeSH
- biodiverzita MeSH
- biologické přípravky chemie metabolismus MeSH
- ekologie MeSH
- mykorhiza genetika fyziologie MeSH
- půdní mikrobiologie MeSH
- těkavé organické sloučeniny chemie metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- MeSH
- Archaea genetika metabolismus MeSH
- Bacteria genetika metabolismus MeSH
- chlor metabolismus MeSH
- houby genetika metabolismus MeSH
- mikrobiální společenstva fyziologie MeSH
- polymorfismus délky restrikčních fragmentů MeSH
- půda analýza MeSH
- půdní mikrobiologie MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S analýza MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Spatial distribution of ectomycorrhizae-associated basidiomycetes was determined in oakbirch forest using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis. The data were correlated with actual soil humidity, pH, electric conductivity of the soil extract, absorbance A(465) and A(665) of water and alkali soil extracts and with the ratio A(465)/A(665) (parameter A4/A6). Natural non-homogeneity of the soil parameters was used as experimental gradient. Distance-based redundancy analysis of the T-RFLP data (with soil parameters being taken as environmental parameters) provided significant results when ITS1F-terminanted restriction fragments were analyzed. Among other fungi, a Mycena galericulata related fungus was observed to correlate negatively with A4/A6, indicating its association with highly humified soil organic matter. Positive association of other, unidentified fungi with A4/A6 was also observed. Several other unidentified fungi negatively correlated with electric conductivity of the soil extract. The results may explain nonhomogeneity of the spatial distribution of the fungi associated with ectomycorrhizae as a result of their interaction with non-homogeneous soil environment.
- MeSH
- Agaricales genetika izolace a purifikace růst a vývoj MeSH
- Basidiomycota genetika izolace a purifikace klasifikace růst a vývoj MeSH
- bříza mikrobiologie růst a vývoj MeSH
- dub (rod) mikrobiologie růst a vývoj MeSH
- elektrolyty analýza MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- kořeny rostlin mikrobiologie MeSH
- mykorhiza MeSH
- organické látky analýza MeSH
- polymorfismus délky restrikčních fragmentů MeSH
- půda MeSH
- půdní mikrobiologie MeSH
- stromy mikrobiologie růst a vývoj MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
