The author, as a reviewer of many international journals, describes his long-standing experiences with incorrect identification of mushroom and fungal species and the resultant incorrect naming of those species that served as experimental models. From his own praxis, he selected several characteristic examples that sometimes ended in a curious situation. Some recommendations to authors of publications and persons responsible for the proper naming of mushrooms under study are summarized.

• MeSH
• Agaricales klasifikace   genetika   růst a vývoj   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• dějiny 20. století MeSH
• dějiny 21. století MeSH
• fixní kombinace léků MeSH
• gramicidin dějiny   normy   MeSH
• houby klasifikace   genetika   růst a vývoj   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• mykologické určovací techniky metody   normy   MeSH
• neomycin dějiny   normy   MeSH
• nystatin dějiny   normy   MeSH
• triamcinolonacetonid dějiny   normy   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dějiny 20. století MeSH
• dějiny 21. století MeSH
• Publikační typ
• biografie MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• historické články MeSH

Leaf-cutting ants (Formicidae: Attini) are considered pests in agriculture for their impact in human crops, as they utilize leaf fragments to raise their fungal mutualist (Agaricales: Lepiotaceae). Basically, the basidiomycetous fungus is cultivated to supply food to adult workers and broads; in return, the ants protect it against natural enemies. However, recent studies have claimed that other microorganisms are associated to ant nests where a wide range of interactions may take place. To investigate the occurrence of dematiaceous fungi on the cuticle of Atta laevigata ants, 30 workers were sampled from an adult nest located in the surroundings of the Center for the Studies of Social Insects, UNESP-Rio Claro, SP, Brazil. The use of selective techniques to avoid high-sporulation fungi has been recommended and was tested in this study. To favor the isolation of the desired fungi, heads and cuticle scrapings of ant bodies were inoculated on Mycosel agar and incubated for 3 weeks at 35°C. Morphological and molecular methods were used to identify the filamentous fungi recovered. From 56 isolates, 19 were hyaline filamentous species, and among the remaining 37, some are mentioned as phyto-associated fungi like Alternaria arborescens, Bipolaris sorokiniana, Bipolaris eleusines, Bipolaris zeae, Curvularia trifolii, and Paraphaeosphaeria michotii. These species are reported from A. laevigata bodies for the first time. None of the isolation trials revealed the presence of the parasite Escovopsis or entomopathogenic fungi. The possible spread of the fungi in nature by the ants is discussed.

• MeSH
• Agaricales klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   fyziologie   MeSH
• Formicidae mikrobiologie   fyziologie   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
• symbióza MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Brazílie MeSH

Spatial distribution of ectomycorrhizae-associated basidiomycetes was determined in oakbirch forest using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis. The data were correlated with actual soil humidity, pH, electric conductivity of the soil extract, absorbance A(465) and A(665) of water and alkali soil extracts and with the ratio A(465)/A(665) (parameter A4/A6). Natural non-homogeneity of the soil parameters was used as experimental gradient. Distance-based redundancy analysis of the T-RFLP data (with soil parameters being taken as environmental parameters) provided significant results when ITS1F-terminanted restriction fragments were analyzed. Among other fungi, a Mycena galericulata related fungus was observed to correlate negatively with A4/A6, indicating its association with highly humified soil organic matter. Positive association of other, unidentified fungi with A4/A6 was also observed. Several other unidentified fungi negatively correlated with electric conductivity of the soil extract. The results may explain nonhomogeneity of the spatial distribution of the fungi associated with ectomycorrhizae as a result of their interaction with non-homogeneous soil environment.

• MeSH
• Agaricales genetika   izolace a purifikace   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• Basidiomycota genetika   izolace a purifikace   klasifikace   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• bříza mikrobiologie   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• dub (rod) mikrobiologie   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• elektrolyty analýza   MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• kořeny rostlin mikrobiologie   MeSH
• mykorhiza MeSH
• organické látky analýza   MeSH
• polymorfismus délky restrikčních fragmentů MeSH
• půda MeSH
• půdní mikrobiologie MeSH
• stromy mikrobiologie   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

• MeSH
• Agaricales genetika   izolace a purifikace   klasifikace   MeSH
• DNA fungální izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• mezerníky ribozomální DNA izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
• polymorfismus délky restrikčních fragmentů MeSH
• půdní mikrobiologie MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH