BACKGROUND: Prevalence of oral mucosal fungal infections increases with the frequent administration of antibiotics, corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs. Therapeutically used antifungals are usually associated with a variety of drug interactions. Furthermore, there has been a noticeable increase in microorganisms resistant to these preparations. Mucoadhesive buccal films represent a modern therapeutic system for the treatment of oral mucosal fungal infection paired with a high degree of patient compliance. Ciclopirox olamine applied directly onto the oral mucosa offers an attractive alternative to treatment with systemic antifungals thanks to its low incidence of resistance and side effects. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic parameters of ciclopirox olamine after the buccal application of mucoadhesive film prepared by the solvent casting method. METHOD: A chromatographic method using an internal standard was developed and validated for evaluation of ciclopirox olamine plasma concentrations. Method accuracy was 88.5-104.6% and 89.5-99.7% for interday and intraday assays, respectively. RESULTS: The pharmacokinetic properties of ciclopirox olamine were studied in New Zealand White rabbits. The mucoadhesive films containing ciclopirox olamine in a total dose of 34.4 (33.0; 35.9) mg kg-1 were applied to all the rabbits. Plasma ciclopirox olamine concentrations were determined during the 12 h following application. The time taken to reach maximum plasma concentration was 1.7 (1.1; 2.2) h after the drug administration with cmax 5.73 (4.18; 7.28) μg mL-1. Overall elimination half-life was 3.8 (1.9; 10.8) h. CONCLUSION: The experiment suggests that oral mucoadhesive film may be a valuable alternative ciclopirox olamine administration.
- MeSH
- antifungální látky aplikace a dávkování krev farmakokinetika MeSH
- aplikace bukální MeSH
- králíci MeSH
- molekulární struktura MeSH
- pyridony aplikace a dávkování krev farmakokinetika MeSH
- vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- králíci MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky aplikace a dávkování krev farmakokinetika MeSH
- injekce intramuskulární veterinární MeSH
- králíci MeSH
- penicilin G aplikace a dávkování krev farmakokinetika MeSH
- vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- králíci MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The aim of the presented research was the preparation and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of mucoadhesive oral films containing nystatin. Multivariate data analysis was used to evaluate an innovative approach, in which a combination of different mucoadhesive polymers was employed. The purpose of this was to assess the effects of such a combination on non-woven insoluble carmellose textile as a drug-release modifier in the structure of the film. It was observed that the mucoadhesive films prepared using polyethylene oxide were more plastic, showed less mechanical resistance and shorter in vitro residence time in comparison with films containing sodium carmellose. The textile used in films containing sodium carmellose significantly prolonged both in vitro and in vivo residence times in rabbits from 50 ± 4 min until 74 ± 4 min and from 48 ± 6 until 80 ± 4 min, respectively. A higher degree of substitution by the acid carboxymethyl group of the textile resulted in slower nystatin dissolution, longer in vitro and in vivo residence times, and higher tensile strength. Textural parameters tensile strength and tensile deformation in conjunction with linear discriminant analysis were able to distinguish the degree of substitution of the textile due to its impact on the studied parameters.
- MeSH
- adhezivita MeSH
- biologická dostupnost MeSH
- experimenty na zvířatech MeSH
- králíci MeSH
- léčivé přípravky MeSH
- nosiče léků chemie MeSH
- nystatin terapeutické užití MeSH
- orální kandidóza * farmakoterapie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- polymery chemie terapeutické užití MeSH
- systémy cílené aplikace léků MeSH
- techniky in vitro MeSH
- textilie MeSH
- ústní sliznice metabolismus účinky léků MeSH
- Check Tag
- králíci MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Oral mucosa is an attractive region for the local and systemic application of many drugs. Oral mucoadhesive films are preferred for their prolonged time of residence, the improved bioavailability of the drug they contain, their painless application, their protection against lesions, and their nonirritating properties. This work was focused on preparation of nonmedicated carmellose-based films using both solvent casting and impregnation methods, respectively. Moreover, a modern approach to evaluation of mucoadhesive films applying analysis of texture and subsequent multivariate data analysis was used. In this experiment, puncture strength strongly correlated with tensile strength and could be used to obtain necessary information about the mechanical film characteristics in films prepared using both methods. Puncture work and tensile work were not correlated in films prepared using the solvent casting method, as increasing the amount of glycerol led to an increase in the puncture work in thinner films. All measured texture parameters in films prepared by impregnation were significantly smaller compared to films prepared by solvent casting. Moreover, a relationship between the amount of glycerol and film thickness was observed, and a greater recalculated tensile/puncture strength was needed for an increased thickness in films prepared by impregnation.
INTRODUCTION: Degus are commonly used as laboratory animals; however, over the past few years, they have become increasingly popular as pets. Objectives: The aim of this article was to present disease prevalence in 300 pet degus divided in two age groups (under and above two years). METHODS: Medical records of degus (Octodon degus), which were presented to the author's clinic in the period from January 2007 to December 2009, were reviewed. RESULTS: The most common diseases in degus were (1) acquired dental disease (60·0%) with significantly higher prevalence in older animals (P<0.001), (2) skin alopecia due to fur chewing (13·33%) and (3) lens cataracts (13·33%). Other common disorders included traumatic injuries to soft tissues (bite wounds and tail slip), traumatic fractures and dietary diarrhoea. Reproductive disorders were most commonly associated with dystocia and pathological changes in the post-natal period. Only 38 degus in a total of 300 animals were healthy. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This is the first study to describe the disease prevalence in two age groups of pet degus. The majority of diseases were caused by improper diet, self-mutilation and improper handling; as such client education is necessary to avoid such a high disease prevalence.
- MeSH
- chov zvířat výchova metody normy MeSH
- nemoci hlodavců epidemiologie etiologie MeSH
- Octodon MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- rány a poranění epidemiologie etiologie veterinární MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- věkové faktory MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Enamel hypoplasia and disruption of dentinogenesis are the most common abnormalities of development and mineralization of human teeth. Several reports are available in the literature on the influence of dietary calcium on the formation of human and rodent tooth; however, the information about the influence of dietary phosphorus on the tooth formation is scarce. The aim of the present investigation was to examine the chronic effect of high phosphorus diet and improper dietary calcium to phosphorus ratio on the mandibular incisor microstructure in a hystricomorph rodent--Octodon degu--using macroscopic observation, histopathological examination, transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The present study shows that enamel and dentin development is disturbed under high phosphorus diet and improper calcium to phosphorus ratio. Disturbed mineral metabolism resulted in enamel depigmentation, enamel hypoplasia, enamel pitting and altered dentin morphology. The results suggest that more attention should be focused on dietary phosphorus content when facing altered tooth structure in young patients with deciduous or permanent dentition. Furthermore, we showed that degus can be used as an experimental animal model for the study of the developmental teeth disturbances.
- MeSH
- dentin patologie ultrastruktura MeSH
- fosfor dietní metabolismus MeSH
- hlodavci anatomie a histologie růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- hypoplazie zubní skloviny patologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- náhodné rozdělení MeSH
- odontogeneze fyziologie MeSH
- řezáky účinky léků růst a vývoj ultrastruktura MeSH
- vápník dietní metabolismus farmakologie MeSH
- zubní sklovina patologie ultrastruktura MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Parasitological examination of two ornate Nile monitors Varanus ornatus (Daudin, 1803) imported from Benin revealed the presence of a new species of Caryospora. Oocysts of Caryospora varaniornati sp. n. are spherical to slightly subspherical, 12.0 (11-12.5) x 11.5 (11-12) microm, without amicropyle and oocyst residuum, and occasionally possessing one small polar granule. Sporocysts are broadly ellipsoidal, 8.8 (8.5-9.5) x 6.7 (6.5-7) microm; a lentil-like Stieda body is present, ca. 0.5 x 1 microm; substieda body not visible. Experimental infection of a closely related host, Varanus niloticus (L.), did not lead to the oocyst excretion despite the fact that one of the experimentally inoculated monitors was immunosuppressed by dexamethasone. Histological examination did not reveal stages of coccidian development. Therefore, it is possible that C. varaniornati is strictly host specific.
- MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- Eimeriidae cytologie MeSH
- feces parazitologie MeSH
- ještěři parazitologie MeSH
- zvířata v ZOO parazitologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Benin MeSH
1. vyd. 136 s. : il. ; 30 cm
- MeSH
- chov zvířat MeSH
- laboratorní zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- příručky MeSH
- Konspekt
- Veterinární lékařství
- NLK Obory
- veterinární lékařství
