Dôležitou témou pri práci s rodinou, ktorá má člena so závislosťou je problematika spoluzávislosti. Ide o multidimenzionálne (fyzicky, mentálne, emocionálne a duchovne) podmienený problém, ktorý vzniká zameriavaním sa na potreby a správanie druhých. Označujeme ňou súhrn motívov, postojov, spôsobov komunikácie, správania a konania, ktorým rodinní príslušníci závislosť podporujú, rozvíjajú alebo narúšajú snahu o uzdravenie sa z nej. Cieľom práce je priniesť informácie o rodinnej terapii, ako o dôležitej súčasti liečby závislostí. V texte uvádzame príklad praxe fungovania rodinnej terapie v Odbornom liečebnom ústave psychiatrickom na Prednej Hore, ako aj skúsenosti pacientov, ktorí túto rodinnú terapiu absolvovali.
An important topic when working with family that has a member with addiction is the issue of codependency. It is a multidimensional (physical, mental, emotional and spiritual) problem that arises from focusing on the needs and behavior of others. We describe motives, ways of communication, behavior and actions, to which family members respond, by unintentionally sustaining the addiction of a family member, or disrupting the effort to recover from it. The aim of the study is to introduce information about family therapy as an important part of addiction treatment. In the text, we present an example of family therapy in the Odborný liečebný ústav psychiatrický, Predná Hora, as well as experiences of patients, who have completed this family therapy.
Úvod: Cieľom práce bolo zistiť prevalenciu sexuálnych dysfunkcií u pacientov pri vstupe do liečby kvôli závislostí s ohľadom na typ psychoaktívnej látky, ktorú užívali. Metódy: Dotazník Arizona Sexual Experience scale (ASEX) bol administrovaný 522 pacientom (73 % mužov, priemerný vek 36,4 rokov). Pacienti s diagnózou závislosti boli rozdelení do skupín podľa typu primárnej drogy: so závislosťou od heroínu (n = 63), so závislosťou od metamfetamínov (n = 90), so závislosťou od marihuany (n = 67), so závislosťou od alkoholu (n = 228) a patologického hráčstva (n = 74). Výsledky: Najvyššiu prevalenciu sexuálnych dysfunkcií sme detekovali v skupine pacientov závislých od heroínu – 33 %, nasledoval alkohol (21 %), metamfetamíny (19 %), gambling (6 %) a marihuana (2 %). Preukázali sa tiež štatisticky významné rozdiely v pohlaví a veku. Sexuálnou dysfunkciou trpelo viac žien ako mužov. Závery: Sexuálnymi dysfunkciami najčastejšie trpia pacienti so závislosťou od heroínu, po nich nasledujú pacienti so závislosťou od alkoholu a metamfetamínov. U pacientov so závislosťou od marihuany a patologického hráčstva sa preukázal najnižší výskyt sexuálnych dysfunkcií, čo možno čiastočne pripísať nízkemu výskytu žien v týchto skupinách. Dôležitú rolu vo výskyte sexuálnych dysfunkcií zohráva pohlavie pacientov.
Background: The aim of this paper is to detect the prevalence of sexual dysfunctions among the patients entering addiction treatment, with respect to different substances. Methods: The whole group consisted of 522 patients with average age 36.4 years, 72.7 % were males. The patients, all with diagnosis of dependence, were divided into the groups according to the type of their addiction: opiate (heroin) users (n = 63), methamphetamine users (n = 90), cannabis users (n = 67), alcohol users (n = 228) and gamblers (n = 74). Results: The highest prevalence of sexual dysfunctions was in the group of the patients with heroin dependence – 33 %. Alcohol was the next with 21 %, followed by methamphetamine users 19 %, gambling 6 % and cannabis 2 % without any dysfunction. The significant differences were also in the age composition and gender among the groups. Females had higher proportion of sexual dysfunctions then the males. Conclusions: Heroin users with dependence have the highest rate of sexual dysfunction, followed by alcohol and methamphetamine users. Patient with cannabis dependence and gambling had the lowest rates, which might be partially attributable to the under-representation of the females in these groups of patients. Gender is playing an important role in this respect.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- poruchy spojené s užíváním psychoaktivních látek * MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- sexuální chování účinky léků MeSH
- sexuální dysfunkce fyziologická MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- klinické zkoušky MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
The aim of the study was to find out, after some time, what is the patients' condition in regard to the abstinence from the primary addictive substance (heroin/alcohol), which was the reason why they have requested the treatment in the Centre for Treatment of Drug Dependencies in Bratislava. Patients and Methods: The research was conducted one and three years after the treatment entry. Cohort 2001 was divided into two groups: (1) the group OpCohort2001 with dependence on heroin (n=146; males 73 %; average age 23.1 (SD ± 4.5 years) and (2) the group AlCohort2001 with alcohol dependence (n=136; males 71 %; average age 42.6 (SD ± 9.8 years). Results: The illicit opiates were used by 21 % and 15 % of the patients with dependence on heroin after one and three years, respectively. From the group of the patients with alcohol dependence continued to drink 26 % and 35 %, respectively. From the group of the patients with heroin dependence were in the methadone maintenance treatment 14 % and 21 % of them, respectively, while the total abstinence from the opiates ha s been achieved by 65 % after one year, and by 64 % after three years, it was 74 % and 65 % of the abstainers in the group with dependence on alcohol. Additional finding was decline from 71 % to 26 % in the rate of the unemployment among those treated due to heroin after three years and from 27 % to 12 % among those treated due to alcohol dependence. Conclusions: It is consistent with the other findings, that about two thirds of the patients is abstaining from the substance due to dependence on which they have requested the treatment after three years. This is suggesting a good prognosis of the disease for the majority of them.
The aim of the study was to find out, after some time, what is the patients' condition in regard to the abstinence from the primary addictive substance (heroin/alcohol), which was the reason why they have requested the treatment in the Centre for Treatment of Drug Dependencies in Bratislava. Patients and Methods: The research was conducted one and three years after the treatment entry. Cohort 2001 was divided into two groups: (1) the group OpCohort2001 with dependence on heroin (n=146; males 73 %; average age 23.1 (SD ± 4.5 years) and (2) the group AlCohort2001 with alcohol dependence (n=136; males 71 %; average age 42.6 (SD ± 9.8 years). Results: The illicit opiates were used by 21 % and 15 % of the patients with dependence on heroin after one and three years, respectively. From the group of the patients with alcohol dependence continued to drink 26 % and 35 %, respectively. From the group of the patients with heroin dependence were in the methadone maintenance treatment 14 % and 21 % of them, respectively, while the total abstinence from the opiates ha s been achieved by 65 % after one year, and by 64 % after three years, it was 74 % and 65 % of the abstainers in the group with dependence on alcohol. Additional finding was decline from 71 % to 26 % in the rate of the unemployment among those treated due to heroin after three years and from 27 % to 12 % among those treated due to alcohol dependence. Conclusions: It is consistent with the other findings, that about two thirds of the patients is abstaining from the substance due to dependence on which they have requested the treatment after three years. This is suggesting a good prognosis of the disease for the majority of them.
- MeSH
- alkoholismus * terapie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- klinické zkoušky jako téma MeSH
- kohortové studie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- longitudinální studie MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- pozorovací studie jako téma MeSH
- prognóza MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- závislost na heroinu * terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
Exploratívny, deskriptívny prieskum preukázal zvýšenú konzumáciu drog u účastníkov hudobno-tanečných podujatí, najmä na tzv. open-air festivaloch na Slovensku, avšak toto zistenie sa vzťahuje len na menšiu časť účastníkov, u ktorých by bolo možné hovoriť, že ide o súčasť ich aktuálneho životného štýlu. Oslovených bolo 268 návštevníkov na 3 rôznych hudobno-tanečných podujatiach s priemerným vekom 21,7 roka. Ukázalo sa, že zvýšené typické užívanie drog priamo na tanečno-hudobných podujatiach sa týka len extázy (16 % užilo za posledný mesiac) a pervitínu (15 % užilo za posledný mesiac) v asociácii so štýlom techno-hudby. Z hľadiska preferovania miesta užitia drog 70 % užívateľov extázy uprednostňuje užiť extázu na párty a necelá polovica (46 %) užívateľov pervitínu uprednostňuje užiť pervitín na párty. Vyšší výskyt užívania syntetických drog v rekreačnom prostredí hudobno-tanečného charakteru, ktorý sa potvrdil aj v našom prieskume, ako aj zvýšené užívanie iných drog ich účastníkmi by mohli byť impulzom na implementáciu selektívnej prevencie zameranej na účastníkov hudobno-tanečných podujatí.
The exploring, descriptive survey showed increased drug consumption among participants of musical-dance events, mainly open-air festivals in Slovakia, though this finding is related only to the smaller part of participants. Drug use among these participants could be considered to be a part of their lifestyle. 268 participants of 3 musical-dance events were addressed (average age was 21.7 years). We found out, that only ecstasy (16 % of participants have reported use of this drug in the last month) and pervitin (15 % of participants have reported use of this drug in the last month) relate to increased typical drug use directly at musical-dance events, in association with techno style. In light of preferred place of drug use, 70 % of ecstasy users prefer using ecstasy at party and al most half of pervitin users (46 %) prefer using pervitin at party. Higher prevalence of synthetic drugs use in the recreational setting of musical-dance nature that was confirmed also in our survey, as well as higher prevalence of other drugs use by participants, should be an impulse for implementation of selective prevention oriented to participants of musical-dance events.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- návykové chování MeSH
- poruchy spojené s užíváním psychoaktivních látek * prevence a kontrola MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- tanec MeSH
- volnočasové aktivity * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika MeSH
