Dens invaginatus neboli dens in dente je méně častou vývojovou poruchou zubních tkání nejasného původu, postihující nejčastěji horní laterální řezák. Rozsah postižení vykazuje širokou variabilitu. Často vyústí v nekrózu zubní dřeně či atypickou chronickou periodontitidu. Anomálie zůstává i v současné době estetickým a léčebným problémem. V kazuistice je popsáno pozorování této anomálie subtypu 3A v klasifikaci podle Oehlerse u mladého jedince, řešené extrakcí zubu a jeho bezprostřední náhradou adhezivním fixním můstkem z kompozitního materiálu.
Dens invaginatus or tooth within the tooth is less common developmental anomaly of dental tissue of unknown origin affecting predominantly upper lateral incisors. The extent of the lesion reveals broad variability. It often results in the pulp necrosis or an atypical chronic periodontitis. The anomaly represents aesthetic and therapeutic problems even at present. This report deals with a typical lesion of the 3A subtype according to Oehlers´ classification in a young individual, treated by the tooth removal and its immediate replacement by the composite adhesive fixed bridge.
- MeSH
- dens in dente * diagnóza chirurgie patologie MeSH
- fotografie zubní * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- zubní náhrady částečné okamžité MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- MeSH
- atlasy jako téma * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- studium stomatologie metody MeSH
- učební pomůcky MeSH
- zuby anatomie a histologie radiografie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY To identify some characteristics of bone repair capacity in elderly patients who undergo total hip arthroplasty, which requires good healing ability of bone for implant osteointegration and bone defect repair, particularly if revision arthroplasty is necessary. MATERIAL AND METHODS In a group of 27 patients (mean age, 70?7 years; range, 60 to 81 years) a coincidence of osteoarthritis and osteopenia/osteoporosis was assessed, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) were isolated and their numbers, viability and proliferative capacity were evaluated. The MSC populations were examined for their behaviour on bone tissue scaffolds used in orthopaedic surgery for treatment of bone lesions. Each patient underwent bone densitometry examination before total hip arthroplasty. Bone marrow was harvested intra-operatively from the trochanteric region of the femur. From a portion of bone marrow, MSCs were isolated and cultured, and a mononuclear cell concentrate was obtained. Either whole bone marrow or a mononuclear cell concentrate was applied to selected matrices (allograft, demineralised bone matrix, porous beta-tricalcium phosphate (-TCP), pressed hydroxyapatite or calcium sulphate). The production of new collagen and extracellular mineralized matrix were first assessed in expansion medium and, when the production was low, differentiation medium was used. RESULTS A coincidence of osteoarthritis and osteopenia/osteoporosis was found in 50% of the patients. All were women with a low body mass index and had been post-menopausal for an average of 23 years. The isolated MSCs contained a high percentage of viable cells (mean, 95%). The mesenchymal cells of patients with osteopenia, as compared with those having normal bone density, showed markedly lower numbers of fibroblastic colony forming units (CFU-F) per ml and had a lower proliferative capacity because the population doubling time during the first four passages was much longer. Of the scaffolds tested, allografts showed the most marked collagen and extracellular mineralized matrix production in expansion medium with either whole bone marrow or a monocyte concentrate; porous -TCP was the best of bone graft substitutes in collagen and extracellular mineralized matrix production by both whole bone marrow and a monocyte concentrate, but this was only in differential medium. DISCUSSION The coincidence of ostearthritis with osteopenia/osteoporosis was found in a higher number of our patients than is reported in the literature. Also, a lower MSC proliferative capacity and a low number of CFU-F/ml in the patients with low bone density were interesting findings. Better bone regeneration would generally be achieved with higher MSC numbers and the use of growth factors for stimulation of osteoinduction and angiogenesis. Bone marrow harvesting for MSC isolation, cultivation and subsequent transplantation is currently feasible only in an experiment. A bone marrow aspirate can be applied, but it may not provide a sufficient number of MSCs. In addition to autologous bone grafts, the best collagen production was on allografts. In bone graft substitutes, the porous structure played an important role because on a non-porous material (calcium sulphate) the formation of collagen was very low. There was no difference in collagen and extracellular mineralized matrix production between whole bone marrow and monocyte concentrates. CONCLUSIONS Elderly patients have reduced bone healing capacity also because of osteopenia/osteoporosis that occurs more often than it is generally diagnosed, including its coincidence with osteoarthritis. The mesenchymal stem cells isolated from oste-openic bone give a lower number of CFU-F/ml and have a lower proliferative capacity. Of the matrices for new bone formation, allografts showed the best results because collagen was produced already in expansion medium. Of the graft substitutes, porous -TCP was the best, but with collagen production in differential medium. The use of bone marrow aspirate is currently a method of choice in order to increase MSC numbers at the site of bone healing. The use of growth factors is an expensive treatment. To achieve the goal of reliable promotion of osteogenesis with cultured MSC transplantation and use of composite materials with pro-osteogenic and pro-angiogenic factors will still require many experimental and clinical studies.
- MeSH
- artróza kyčelních kloubů patofyziologie MeSH
- autologní transplantace MeSH
- buněčné kultury využití MeSH
- kostní náhrady metabolismus terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mezenchymální kmenové buňky metabolismus ultrastruktura MeSH
- náhrada kyčelního kloubu metody využití MeSH
- osteointegrace fyziologie MeSH
- osteoporóza patofyziologie MeSH
- regenerace kostí fyziologie MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- transplantace kostí metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- techniky in vitro MeSH
Tabun belongs to the most toxic nerve agents. Its mechanism of action is based on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition at the peripheral and central nervous systems. Therapeutic countermeasures comprise administration of atropine with cholinesterase reactivators able to reactivate the inhibited enzyme. Reactivation of AChE is determined mostly biochemically without specification of different brain structures. Histochemical determination allows a fine search for different structures but is performed mostly without quantitative evaluation. In rats intoxicated with tabun and treated with a combination of atropine and HI-6, obidoxime, or new oxime K048, AChE activities in different brain structures were determined using biochemical and quantitative histochemical methods. Inhibition of AChE following untreated tabun intoxication was different in the various brain structures, having the highest degree in the frontal cortex and reticular formation and lowest in the basal ganglia and substantia nigra. Treatment resulted in an increase of AChE activity detected by both methods. The highest increase was observed in the frontal cortex. This reactivation was increased in the order HI-6 < K048 < obidoxime; however, this order was not uniform for all brain parts studied. A correlation between AChE activity detected by histochemical and biochemical methods was demonstrated. The results suggest that for the mechanism of action of the nerve agent tabun, reactivation in various parts of the brain is not of the same physiological importance. AChE activity in the pontomedullar area and frontal cortex seems to be the most important for the therapeutic effect of the reactivators. HI-6 was not a good reactivator for the treatment of tabun intoxication.
- MeSH
- acetylcholinesterasa metabolismus MeSH
- atropin MeSH
- čelní lalok účinky léků enzymologie patologie MeSH
- chemické bojové látky toxicita MeSH
- cholinesterasové inhibitory aplikace a dávkování toxicita MeSH
- GPI-vázané proteiny metabolismus MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- LD50 MeSH
- mozek účinky léků enzymologie patologie MeSH
- obidoxim chlorid aplikace a dávkování farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- organofosfáty aplikace a dávkování antagonisté a inhibitory toxicita MeSH
- orgánová specificita MeSH
- oximy aplikace a dávkování farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- potkani Wistar MeSH
- pyridinové sloučeniny aplikace a dávkování farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- reaktivátory cholinesterázy aplikace a dávkování farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- retikulární formace účinky léků enzymologie patologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
The aim of our study was to evaluate differences between males and females based on patterns of costal cartilage ossification and also with respect to ageing. We provided diagnosis of ossifications from two files of radiograms. The first group consisted of 1044 chest and abdominal radiograms of patients (537 men and 507 women), ranging in age from 10 to 95 years obtained by using conventional X-ray technique. The second group was a set of 55 radiograms of chest plate fragments of cadavers (29 men and 26 women) aged from 15 to 98, obtained by using soft X-ray imaging in the skiagraphic-skiascopic unit. Ossifications were identified in more than 80% of the cases. They appear in puberta and their occurrence increases with age. The peripheral ossification pattern, typically the male pattern, is characterized by subperichondral deposits which contour the upper and lower margin of cartilage. The female, central lingual ossification pattern, is characterized by the pyramidal (lingual) shape of ossifications with a peak towards the sternum. The existence of another typical female central globular model of ossification was not confirmed in the file of cadavers. Central globular foci were found in both sexes (62% of women and 34% of men) from the 3rd decade. In the sample of Caucasian men and women (Czech population) we detected a frequent occurrence of costal cartilage ossification. Peripheral and central lingual patterns are highly predictive for sex determination. Globular loci of ossifications can be used for age estimation.
- MeSH
- běloši MeSH
- chrupavka radiografie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- heterotopická osifikace MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- soudní antropologie MeSH
- stárnutí MeSH
- určení kostního věku metody MeSH
- určení pohlaví podle kostry metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Differences between acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition in the brain structures following VX and RVX exposure are not known as well as information on the possible correlation of biochemical and histochemical methods detecting AChE activity. Therefore, inhibition of AChE in different brain parts detected by histochemical and biochemical techniques was compared in rats intoxicated with VX and RVX. AChE activities in defined brain regions 30 min after treating rats with VX and Russian VX intramuscularly (1.0 x LD(50)) were determined by using biochemical and histochemical methods. AChE inhibition was less expressed for RVX, in comparison with VX. Frontal cortex and pontomedullar areas containing ncl. reticularis has been found as the most sensitive areas for the action of VX. For RVX, these structures were determined to be frontal cortex, dorsal septum, and hippocampus, respectively. Histochemical and biochemical results were in good correlation (R(xy) = 0.8337). Determination of AChE activity in defined brain structures was a more sensitive parameter for VX or RVX exposure than the determination of AChE activity in the whole-brain homogenate. This activity represents a "mean" of the activities in different structures. Thus, AChE activity is the main parameter investigated in studies searching for target sites following nerve-agent poisoning contributing to better understanding of toxicodynamics of nerve agents.
- MeSH
- acetylcholinesterasa metabolismus účinky léků MeSH
- chemické bojové látky otrava MeSH
- cholinesterasové inhibitory otrava MeSH
- injekce intramuskulární MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- LD50 MeSH
- mozek enzymologie účinky léků MeSH
- organothiofosforové sloučeniny otrava MeSH
- potkani Wistar MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
