- MeSH
- kočky MeSH
- končetiny patologie MeSH
- sekundární hyperparatyreóza * diagnostické zobrazování dietoterapie patofyziologie terapie veterinární MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- kočky MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
- MeSH
- dimethylsulfoxid analogy a deriváty aplikace a dávkování farmakologie MeSH
- funkční potraviny MeSH
- glukosamin aplikace a dávkování farmakologie MeSH
- kolagen aplikace a dávkování farmakologie MeSH
- kyselina askorbová aplikace a dávkování farmakologie MeSH
- kyselina hyaluronová farmakologie MeSH
- osteoartróza * epidemiologie etiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- psi MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- psi MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
Research increasingly suggests that nitric oxide (NO) plays a role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. One important line of evidence comes from genetic studies, which have repeatedly detected an association between the neuronal isoform of nitric oxide synthase (nNOS or NOS1) and schizophrenia. However, the pathogenetic pathways linking nNOS, NO, and the disorder remain poorly understood. A deficit in sensorimotor gating is considered to importantly contribute to core schizophrenia symptoms such as psychotic disorganization and thought disturbance. We selected three candidate nNOS polymorphisms (Ex1f-VNTR, rs6490121 and rs41279104), associated with schizophrenia and cognition in previous studies, and tested their association with the efficiency of sensorimotor gating in healthy human adults. We found that risk variants of Ex1f-VNTR and rs6490121 (but not rs41279104) were associated with a weaker prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle reflex, a standard measure of sensorimotor gating. Furthermore, the effect of presence of risk variants in Ex1f-VNTR and rs6490121 was additive: PPI linearly decreased with increasing number of risk alleles, being highest in participants with no risk allele, while lowest in individuals who carry three risk alleles. Our findings indicate that NO is involved in the regulation of sensorimotor gating, and highlight one possible pathogenetic mechanism for NO playing a role in the development of schizophrenia psychosis.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- exony MeSH
- jednonukleotidový polymorfismus * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- minisatelitní repetice MeSH
- oxid dusnatý fyziologie MeSH
- prepulsní inhibice genetika MeSH
- schizofrenie genetika MeSH
- senzorický gating genetika MeSH
- synthasa oxidu dusnatého, typ I genetika MeSH
- úleková reakce genetika MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Cieľ. Cieľom práce bolo adaptovať jednu z najpoužívanejších metód na stanovovanie schizotypie – Schizotypový osobnostný dotazník (Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire, SPQ) – v slovenských podmienkach a zistiť jej základné psychometrické vlastnosti (reliabilitu, latentnú štruktúru, rodové rozdiely a invarianciu merania) u zdravých dobrovoľníkov. Výskumný výber a metóda. Slovenskú verziu dotazníka (SPQ-SK) vyplnilo 267 respondentov (120 mužov a 147 žien) s priemerným vekom 25,3 roka (SD = 5,5). SPQ pozostáva zo 74 dichotomických položiek, ktoré sú zaradené do deviatich subškál. Hypotéza. Testované a porovnávané boli konkurenčné modely latentnej štruktúry SPQ – trojfaktorový a štvorfaktorový model. Štatistická analýza. Rodové rozdiely boli posudzované Welchovým t-testom. Vnútorná konzistencia bola posudzovaná Cronbachovým a ordinálnym koeficientom alfa. Konfirmačná faktorová analýza (CFA) bola vypočítaná pomocou metódy maximálnej vierohodnosti. Pre posúdenie a porovnanie modelov bola využitá štatistika χ2 a indexy CFI, RMSEA, SRMR, AIC a BIC. Invariancia merania bola overovaná pomocou rozdielov v χ2 a CFI jednotlivých vnorených modelov. Výsledky. SPQ-SK preukázalo akceptovateľnú vnútornú konzistenciu. Muži skórovali v priemere viac v dimenziách excentrické správanie, chýbanie blízkych priateľov a zúžený afekt, zatiaľ čo ženy dosahovali vyššie skóre v dimenziách sociálna úzkosť a magické myslenie. Výsledky CFA preukázali ako najvhodnejší trojfaktorový model. Tento model taktiež preukázal konfiguračnú a slabú faktorovú invarianciu. Silná a striktná invariancia však bola podporená iba čiastočne. Limity. Výskumný súbor tvorili zdraví jedinci. Pre stanovenie klinicky významného skóre je potrebný ďalší výskum.
Objectives. The aim of the present study was to adapt the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ), one of the most widely used methods for the assessment of schizotypy, into the Slovak language and investigate its basic psychometric properties (reliability, latent structure, gender differences, and measurement invariance) in healthy volunteers. Sample and setting. The Slovak version of the questionnaire (SPQ-SK) was completed by 267 responders (120 men and 147 women) with a mean age of 25.3 years (SD = 5.5). SPQ includes 74 binary items arranged into 9 subscales. Hypotheses. Latent structure of two concurrent models, a three-factor and a four-factor model were tested. Statistical analysis. Gender differences were assessed by Welch t-test. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha and ordinal alpha. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was calculated using the maximum likelihood method. χ2-test, CFI, RMSEA, SRMR, AIC and BIC were used to evaluate and compare the respective models. Measurement invariance was assessed by χ2 and CFI differences. Results. SPQ-SK showed an acceptable internal consistency. On average, men scored higher in the dimensions Odd or Eccentric Behavior, No Close Friends, and Constricted Affect, whereas women scored higher on Excessive Social Anxiety and Magical Thinking. CFA indicated that a modified three-factor structure represented the best model for SPQ-SK. This model also showed configural invariance and weak measurement invariance. However, strong and strict invariance was only partially supported. Study limitations. The research sample consisted of healthy individuals. Further investigations are needed to determine clinically relevant scores.
Cieľom predkladaného výskumu je prešetriť psychometrické vlastnosti revidovanej Škály na úlohu zameraných obáv na slovenskom výbere (N=200). Osempoložková škála bola adaptovaná z pôvodnej subškály Dotazníka kognitívnej interferencie (Sarasonet al., 1986), ktorý predstavuje užitočný nástroj pre posúdenie miery výskytu obáv, ktoré sa vyskytujú pri riešení úloh. Realizované boli odhady vnútornej konzistencie, konfirmačná faktorová analýza a Mokkenová škálová analýza. Výsledky naznačujú, že škála má obzvlášť dobrú vnútornú konzistenciu, homogenitu položiek (jednodimenzionálnosť) a spĺňa kritéria ako pre monotónny model homogenity, tak aj model dvojitej monotonicity. Poskytnutá evidencia naznačuje, že TRWS-R je vhodným nástrojom, ktorý je možné využiť pre posudzovanie kognitívnej interferencie v relevantnom výskume.
Task-related worries can be understood as an inherent component of an anxious state and stress response. Under evaluating conditions (e.g. cognitive testing), these worries, due to cognitive interference they create, may have undesirable effects on a cognitive performance at hand. Since cognitive interference has been documented to affect a broad spectrum of cognitive performance (Hembree, 1988), development of a method for its assessment is required. For this purpose we modified a part of the original Cognitive Interference Questionnaire (Sarason et al., 1986) in order to create the revised TaskRelated Worry Scale (TRWS-R) and investigated its psychometric properties. Data from two hundreds of participants (72 male, 139 female; age ranging from 18 to 24) were obtained to inspect the modified scale’s properties on Slovak sample. After the scale was reformulated and shortened, the resulting set of eight items was subjected for examination of internal consistency (Cronbach'salpha, Revelle’sbeta, Armor'stheta, and McDonald'somega coefficients), expected unidimensionality (confirmatory factor analysis), and scalability (nonparametric item response model - Mokken scale analysis). The results indicate that the scale has rather reasonable consistency. Both mean inter-item correlation and corrected mean item-score correlation were relatively high (r= .469 and r = .636 respectively). Additionally, all estimated consistency coefficients reached required thresholds (namely: α = .88,β = .79,θ = .86,Ω =.88). Robust confirmatory factor analysis and Cronbach-Mesbah curve convergently supported the hypothesized unidimensional factor solution (CFA fit indexes: χ2 (28)= 26.73, p = .143, CFI = .994, TLI = .992, RMSEA = .041, SRMR = .055.). Moreover, Mokken scale analysis indicated that the scale is scalable (scale’s H = .496) and satisfies the criteria of both monotone homogenity model and double monotonicity model (no significant violations were present). Consistency indices, confirmatory factor analysis, and Mokken scale analysis consistently suggest that the scale assesses a unidimensional construct with reasonable reliability.They also indicated that broader scope of worries that may be present under evaluating conditions (mapped by eight items) tend to occur simultaneously, plausibly without any finergrained structure. The nonparametric item response model suggested that the items allow ranking persons in the same order on the latent continuum and that the ordering of the items according to their difficulty is relatively uniform across ability groups. Further research is however needed for evaluating the scale's validity and for supporting its appropriateness on more general sample. Psychometric analyses of the present study provided reasonable evidence that support acceptable properties of the revised TaskRelated Worry Scale (TRWS-R). We thus conclude that TRWS-R represents a suitable instrument which can be utilized for assessment of cognitive interference in related research.
- Klíčová slova
- kognitivní interference,
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- psychometrie * MeSH
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
- studenti MeSH
- úzkost MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
