Toxicity of glyphosate (G) alone or in combination with cadmium (Cd) was studied in Matricaria chamomilla. Cadmium accumulated in shoots and roots in relation to prolonged exposure while glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) were detected only in roots. After 7 days of exposure, root Cd and G accumulation was similar (56 μg G or 47 μg Cd/g DW in 1 μM treatments and 330 μg G or 321 μg Cd/g DW in 10 μM treatments). Despite this fact, Cd stimulated higher ROS formation and G rather suppressed nitric oxide while H2O2 content was elevated by Cd. Subsequent assay of antioxidative enzymes (SOD, CAT, and APX) showed only the impact of Cd. Non-enzymatic antioxidants revealed more pronounced impact of Cd on ascorbic acid and soluble phenols while non-protein thiols showed synergistic effect of G and Cd in roots. Surprisingly, G alone or in combination with Cd depleted shoot citrate and tartrate accumulation despite no detectable G in shoots. In the roots, Cd evoked expected increase in malate and citrate content while G rather suppressed Cd-induced elevation. These data indicate that glyphosate is less toxic than cadmium but even low G doses are able to induce metabolic changes.
Polycaprolactone (PCL) was electrospun with the addition of arginine (Arg), an α-amino acid that accelerates the healing process. The efficient needleless electrospinning technique was used for the fabrication of the nanofibrous layers. The materials produced consisted mainly of fibers with diameters of between 200 and 400 nm. Moreover, both microfibers and beads were present within the layers. Higher bead sizes were observed with the increased addition of arginine. The arginine content within the layers as well as the weight of the resultant electrospun materials were enhanced with the increased addition of arginine to the electrospinning solution (1, 5 and 10 wt%). The PCL + 1% Arg nanofibrous layer contained 5.67 ± 0.04% of arginine, the PCL + 5% Arg layer 22.66 ± 0.24% of arginine and the PCL + 10% Arg layer 37.33 ± 0.39% of arginine according to the results of the elemental analysis. A high burst release within 5 h of soaking was recorded for the PCL + 5% and PCL + 10% nanofibrous layers. However, the release rate of arginine from the PCL + 1% Arg was significantly slower, reaching a maximum level after 72 h of soaking. The resulting materials were hydrophobic. Hemocompatibility testing under static conditions revealed no effect on hemolysis following the addition of arginine and the prolongation of the prothrombin time with the increased addition of arginine, thus exerting an influence on the extrinsic and common pathway of coagulation activation. The results of the dynamic hemocompatibility assessment revealed that the numbers of blood cells and platelets were not affected significantly by the various electrospun samples during incubation. The TAT, β-thromboglobulin and SC5-b9 concentrations were characterized by a moderate increase in the PCL group compared to those of the control group. The presence of arginine resulted in a decrease in the investigated hemocompatibility markers. The PMN elastase levels were comparable with respect to all the groups.
- MeSH
- arginin chemie MeSH
- biokompatibilní materiály chemie MeSH
- elektřina MeSH
- hemolýza * MeSH
- hojení ran * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nanovlákna chemie MeSH
- polyestery chemie MeSH
- protrombinový čas MeSH
- testování materiálů metody MeSH
- tkáňové inženýrství MeSH
- tkáňové podpůrné struktury chemie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The study involved the electrospinning of the copolymer poly(L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) (PLCL) into tubular grafts. The subsequent material characterization, including micro-computed tomography analysis, revealed a level of porosity of around 70%, with pore sizes of 9.34 ± 0.19 μm and fiber diameters of 5.58 ± 0.10 μm. Unlike fibrous polycaprolactone, the electrospun PLCL copolymer promoted fibroblast and endothelial cell adhesion and proliferation in vitro. Moreover, the regeneration of the vessel wall was detected following implantation and, after six months, the endothelialization of the lumen and the infiltration of arranged smooth muscle cells producing collagen was observed. However, the degradation rate was found to be accelerated in the rabbit animal model. The study was conducted under conditions that reflected the clinical requirements-the prostheses were sutured in the end-to-side fashion and the long-term end point of prosthesis healing was assessed. The regeneration of the vessel wall in terms of endothelialization, smooth cell infiltration and the presence of collagen fibers was observed after six months in vivo. A part of the grafts failed due to the rapid degradation rate of the PLCL copolymer.
- MeSH
- aorta patologie MeSH
- arteriae carotides patologie MeSH
- buněčná adheze MeSH
- buňky 3T3 MeSH
- cévní protézy * MeSH
- endoteliální buňky pupečníkové žíly (lidské) MeSH
- endoteliální buňky MeSH
- fibroblasty cytologie MeSH
- kolagen metabolismus MeSH
- králíci MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- myocyty hladké svaloviny cytologie MeSH
- myši MeSH
- polyestery chemie MeSH
- polymery chemie MeSH
- poréznost MeSH
- prasata MeSH
- psi MeSH
- regenerace MeSH
- rentgenová mikrotomografie MeSH
- tkáňové inženýrství metody MeSH
- tkáňové podpůrné struktury MeSH
- transplantace cév * MeSH
- zobrazování trojrozměrné MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- králíci MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- psi MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Different types of silver amalgam electrodes and boron doped diamond film electrodes have been introduced as modern and promising replacements for traditional mercury and glassy carbon electrodes. Advantages and possibilities of these novel electrode materials were highlighted and demonstrated at a number of sensitive voltammetric and amperometric (HPLC, flow injection analysis) methods developed in our UNESCO Laboratory of Environmental Electrochemistry in the last five years. The determined analytes were hazardous organic chemical carcinogens and genotoxic environmental pollutants, pesticides, antitumor, antibiotic and antivirotic drugs, and explosives containing electrochemically reducible (such as nitro, nitroso, azido, and oxo groups) and/or oxidizable groups (such as amino and hydroxy groups).
Optimum conditions are described for the determination of micromolar and submicromolar concentrations of herbicides Acifluorphen, Oxyfluorphen and Nitrophen by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) on non-toxic solid silver amalgam electrode with modified meniscus in Britton-Robinson buffers at different pH. The detection limits are in the range 10-6-10-7 mol L-1. DPV determination of Acifluorphen in BR buffer at pH 2 using a carbon paste electrode was developed with a detection limit of 5·10-7 mol L-1.
