Phosphorus-containing heterocyclic cationic surfactants alkyldimethylphenylphospholium bromides with the alkyl chain length 14 to 18 carbon atoms were used for the stabilization of silver nanodispersions. Zeta potential of silver nanodispersions ranges from +35 to +70 mV, which indicates the formation of stable silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Long-chain heptadecyl and octadecyl homologs of the surfactants series provided the most intensive stabilizing effect to AgNPs, resulting in high positive zeta potential values and smaller diameter of AgNPs in the range 50-60 nm. A comparison with non-heterocyclic alkyltrimethylphosphonium surfactants of the same alkyl chain length showed better stability and more positive zeta potential values for silver nanodispersions stabilized with heterocyclic phospholium surfactants. Investigations of biological activity of phospholium-capped AgNPs are represented by the studies of antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity. While cytotoxicity results revealed an increased level of HepG2 cell growth inhibition as compared with the cytotoxicity level of silver-free surfactant solutions, no enhanced antimicrobial action of phospholium-capped AgNPs against microbial pathogens was observed. The comparison of cytotoxicity of AgNPs stabilized with various non-heterocyclic ammonium and phosphonium surfactants shows that AgNPs capped with heterocyclic alkyldimethylphenylphospholium and non-heterocyclic triphenyl-substituted phosphonium surfactants have the highest cytotoxicity among silver nanodispersions stabilized by the series of ammonium and phosphonium surfactants.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Kardiovaskulárne (KVS) ochorenia patria medzi hlavné príčiny úmrtí vo svete. Zvýšené hladiny celkového cholesterolu a LDL cholesterolu sú spojené so zvýšenou incidenciou KVS chorôb v populácii a naopak, redukcia hladiny lipoproteínov v plazme má pozitívny efekt na prevenciu tohto ochorenia. Pacienti s reumatoidnou artritídou (RA), chronickým zápalovým ochorením, majú výrazne zvýšené riziko úmrtia v dôsledku KVS ochorení, napriek tomu, že v porovnaní s bežnou populáciou majú znížené hladiny lipoproteínov, čo sa označuje ako "lipidový paradox". RA sama o sebe predstavuje nezávislý KVS rizikový faktor pôsobiaci ako zápalová zložka. Zápal, u RA sa prejavujúci systémovo zvýšenými koncentráciami prozápalových cytokínov, najmä interleukínu 6 (IL-6), interleukínu 1β (IL-1β) a faktora nekrotizujúce-ho tumory α (TNF-α), je považovaný za hlavného prispievateľa aterogenézy jeho vplyvom na lipoproteínový metabolizmus a biológiu arteriálnej steny. Ateroskleróza, komplexný proces zahŕňajúci množstvo mechanizmov, už nie je posudzovaná len ako porucha metabolizmu lipidov, ale aj ako chronické zápalové ochorenie. Tento prehľadný článok sa zaoberá sumarizáciou najnovších poznatkov o kvantitatívnych a kvalitatívnych zmenách lipidov a lipoproteínov ovplyvnených zápalom nízkeho stupňa spôsobeného RA a ich vplyve na aterosklerózu.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) belong to the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Elevated levels of total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol are associated with increased incidence of CVD in the population. Reversely, reduction of lipoprotein levels in plasma results in a positive impact on CVD prevention. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic inflammatory disease, have markedly increased mortality risk due to CVD, despite lower lipoprotein levels in comparison with common population. This is known as the "lipid paradox". RA itself represents an independent CVD risk factor acting as an inflammatory component. Inflammation, manifested by systemic elevated concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines, mainly interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 1 β (IL-1 β) and the tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in RA, is considered to be the main contributor of atherogenesis via its impact on lipoprotein metabolism and on the biology of the arterial wall. Atherosclerosis, a complex process including a number of mechanisms, is not only regarded as dysregulation of lipid metabolism, but also as a chronic inflammatory disease. This review summarizes the newest findings about the qualitative and quantitative alterations of lipids and lipoproteins affected by low-grade inflammation triggered by RA and their consequences on atherosclerosis.
The physiological function of butyrylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8, BChE) is not clearly understood, but a role was suggested in the fat utilization process, resulting in positive correlation between plasma triglyceride (TG) levels and BChE activity. Consequently we tested the hypothesis that regular intake of betaine, a natural compound intervening in the liver TG metabolism could influence the BChE activity. The BChE activity was estimated spectrophotometrically in plasma of rats fed with betaine enriched standard (B) or high-fat diet (HFB). The results confirmed decreased TG plasma levels after betaine treatment independently on the type of diet (0.15+/-0.03 (B) vs. 0.27+/-0.08 (control) mmol/l; p=0.003 and 0.13+/-0.03 (HFB) vs. 0.27+/-0.08 (control) mmol/l; p=0.005). The BChE activity increased significantly with betaine administration, however the change was more distinct in the HFB group (0.84+/-0.34 (HFB) vs. 0.22+/-0.04 (control) O.D./min/mg; p<0.001 and 0.41+/-0.11 (B) vs. 0.22+/-0.04 (control) O.D./min/mg; p=0.001). In conclusion, betaine intake led to elevated BChE activity in plasma and this effect was potentiated by the HF diet. Since betaine is in general used as a supplement in the treatment of liver diseases accompanied by TG overload, its impact on the BChE activity in the role of the liver function marker should be taken into account.
- MeSH
- aktivace enzymů účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
- betain aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- butyrylcholinesterasa krev MeSH
- dieta s vysokým obsahem tuků škodlivé účinky MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- nemoci jater krev enzymologie etiologie MeSH
- potkani Wistar MeSH
- triglyceridy krev MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease, leading to progressive destruction of joints and extra-articular tissues, including organs such as liver and spleen. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a potential immunomodulator, natural polyphenol N-feruloylserotonin (N-f-5HT), with methotrexate (MTX), the standard in RA therapy, in the chronic phase of adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA) in male Lewis rats. The experiment included healthy controls (CO), arthritic animals (AA), AA given N-f-5HT (AA-N-f-5HT), and AA given MTX (AA-MTX). N-f-5HT did not affect the body weight change and clinical parameters until the 14th experimental day. Its positive effect was rising during the 28-day experiment, indicating a delayed onset of N-f-5HT action. Administration of either N-f-5HT or MTX caused reduction of inflammation measured as the level of CRP in plasma and the activity of LOX in the liver. mRNA transcription of TNF-α and iNOS in the liver was significantly attenuated in both MTX and N-f-5HT treated groups of arthritic rats. Interestingly, in contrast to MTX, N-f-5HT significantly lowered the level of IL-1β in plasma and IL-1β mRNA expression in the liver and spleen of arthritic rats. This speaks for future investigations of N-f-5HT as an agent in the treatment of RA in combination therapy with MTX.
- MeSH
- arachidonátlipoxygenasy genetika metabolismus MeSH
- artritida experimentální farmakoterapie genetika patologie MeSH
- biologické markery MeSH
- C-reaktivní protein MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- cytokiny krev genetika metabolismus MeSH
- játra účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- mediátory zánětu * MeSH
- methotrexát farmakologie MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
- orgánová specificita MeSH
- regulace genové exprese účinky léků MeSH
- serotonin analogy a deriváty farmakologie MeSH
- stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
- transkriptom * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
