Purpose: Various manifestations of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) have been reported since the pandemic began. Some articles have reported acute pancreatitis in adult patients due to COVID-19 infection. To our knowledge this is the first report of acute hemorrhagic necrotizing pancreatitis in children associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Case presentation: A 7-year-old girl with congenital immunodeficiency was referred to the intensive care (ICU) unit with acute respiratory distress syndrome. She required mechanical ventilation (MV) due to pulmonary involvement of COVID-19 (chest CT with lower lung ground-glass opacities). SARS-CoV-2 infection was laboratory confirmed. Following a 49-day stay in the ICU, due to the clinical and radiological signs of acute abdomen and to the rapid deterioration in the clinical status, an indication to proceed an urgent surgerical intervention was made. Intra-operatively an adhesiolysis with blunt dissection of the of gastrocolic ligament was performed, then followed by debridement of the necrotic pancreas (more than 1⁄2 of the pancreas was damaged). Continuous lavage and drainage were placed. During the post-operative period, patient required aggressive MV and insulin therapy for persistent hyperglycemia. The CT scans reported a necrosis of the pancreas and we observed amylase and lipase elevation in the peritoneal lavage sample. Despite active intensive therapy, the patient's condition did not improve and she died 38 days after laparotomy as a result of multi-organ failure. Conclusion: The mechanism for the development of acute haemorrhagic necrotizing pancreatitis in the COVID-19 positive patients is unclear; perhaps it is due to a direct cytopathic effect from the COVID-19 virus, or due to the ACE2 expression in pancreas.
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
BACKGROUND: Appendicitis is one of the most common diagnoses in pediatric populations. Although new recommendations for the treatment of pediatric appendicitis were published, management varies among different institutions. OBJECTIVES: To determine current practices in 4 (n = 4) representative pediatric surgical departments in Central Europe. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One department from each of the 4 countries was surveyed using an online questionnaire. Questions focused on preoperative, operative and postoperative practices in 2018, particularly those related to antibiotic (ATB) therapy and laparoscopy. RESULTS: A total of 519 appendectomies were performed, among which 413 (79.6%) were laparoscopic appendectomies (LAs), with a conversion rate of 5.1%. Appendectomy, as an elective procedure, was performed in 43 (8.3%) patients. One-quarter (129 patients) had complex appendicitis and 72.3% of these were operated laparoscopically. In 3 departments, ATB prophylaxis was administered, based on the decisions of the operating surgeon. One department used standard ATB prophylaxis (metronidazole). Whenever phlegmonous appendicitis was detected, ATB were administered therapeutically in 2 departments. Two other departments administered ATB based on surgeon decision. The choice of ATB was not standardized. If complex appendicitis was detected, all sites administered ATB therapeutically. The type of ATB treatment was standardized in complex cases in 2 departments. Thirty-four complications (6.6%) at surgical sites were recorded - 4.1% (16/390) after uncomplicated and 14% (18/129) after complex appendicitis. Thirty-two occurred after acute surgeries and 26 of these followed laparoscopic procedures. Postoperatively, intra-abdominal abscesses occurred in 3.5% of laparoscopic and in 2.9% of open appendectomy (OA) cases. CONCLUSIONS: This questionnaire study showed that treatment outcomes for appendicitis in children in Central Europe are comparable with data reported in the literature. Laparoscopic appendectomy is the predominant surgical method, but there is a little consensus for ATB treatment in the management of appendicitis at our 4 pediatric surgical departments.
- MeSH
- apendektomie * statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- apendicitida * chirurgie MeSH
- břišní absces * MeSH
- délka pobytu MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- laparoskopie * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pooperační komplikace MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
Cieľ: Cieľom štúdie je podať informatívny prehľad o súčasných možnostiach vybraných laparoskopických výkonoch v detskom veku. Pohľad na prínos ale aj možné úskalia a limitácie, najmä v najnižších vekových skupinách. Metódy: Vyhodnotili sme laparoskopické výkony, blízke výkonom dospelej chirurgii, s vyšším výskytom a dostupnosťou: apendektómiu a cholecystektómiu. A výkony špecifické, s nízkou frekvenciou, na báze vrodených vývojových chýb: atrézie žlčových ciest a choledochálne cysty. Možnosť záchovnej resekcie sleziny popisuje prezerváciu orgánu, inovatívnou metódou. Výsledky: Výsledky naznačujú exaktnejšiu možnosť vyvodenia odporúčaní pri frekventných výkonoch (531 pacientov apendektomovaných a 75 pacientov s vykonanou cholecystektómiou) a nie vždy jednoznačné indikačné kritériá pri výkonoch málo početných, aj napriek sumáru multicentrických štúdií (22 pacientov operovaných pre suspektnú atréziu žlčových ciest a 4 pacienti operovaní pre cystickú malformáciu žlčových ciest). Závery: Minimálne invazívne výkony u pacientov najnižších vekových skupín, exkluzívne svojou nízkou početnosťou, si vyžadujú centralizáciu na pracovisku s multiodborovým zázemím. Literárne údaje naznačujú, že nebude jednoduché dospieť ku všeobecným a jednoznačným odporučeniam vo zvolenom chirurgickom prístupe.
Objective: The aim of this article is to inform about certain existing laparoscopic procedures in children and to focus on the benefit as well as eventual challenges and limitations especially in very small children. Methods: We have evaluated laparoscopic surgeries similar to those in adults that are performed more frequently and are more available: appendectomy and cholecystectomy and specific less frequent surgeries based on the congenital developmental defects: biliary atresia and choledochal cysts. The spleen-preserving resection describes the preservation of an organ by using an innovative method. Results: The results indicate that it is easier to make recommendations for surgical procedures performed more frequently (531 patients with appendectomy and 75 patients with cholecystectomy) and sometimes there are no clear-cut indication criteria for surgical procedures performed less frequently despite the summary of multicentre studies (22 patients having surgery for the suspected biliary atresia and 4 patients having surgery for the cystic malformation of the bile duct). Conclusion: Minimally invasive surgical procedures in the smallest children exclusive due to their low frequency require centralization and multidisciplinary collaboration. The literary data indicate that it will not be easy to make the general guidelines for the selected surgical procedure.
- Klíčová slova
- záchovná resekce sleziny, hepatobiliární operáce,
- MeSH
- apendektomie * metody MeSH
- cholecystektomie * metody MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- laparoskopie * metody MeSH
- léčba šetřící orgány metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- miniinvazivní chirurgické výkony MeSH
- slezina chirurgie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH