In recent years, there has been an increase in efforts to improve wastewater treatment as the concentration of dangerous pollutants, such as endocrine disrupting chemicals, in wastewater increases. These compounds, which mimic the effect of hormones, have a negative impact on human health and are not easily removed from water. One way to effectively eliminate these pollutants is to use enzymatically activated materials. In this study, we report on the use of laccase from the white rot fungus Trametes versicolor immobilized onto polyamide 6/chitosan (PA6/CHIT) nanofibers modified using two different spacers (bovine serum albumin and hexamethylenediamine). We then tested the ability of the PA6/CHIT-laccase biocatalysts to eliminate a mixture containing 50μM of two endocrine disrupting chemicals: bisphenol A and 17α-ethinylestradiol. The PA6/CHIT nanofiber matrix used in this study not only proved to be a suitable carrier for immobilized and modified laccase but was also efficient in the removal of a mixture of endocrine disrupting chemicals in three treatment cycles.
- MeSH
- biodegradace MeSH
- chitosan chemie MeSH
- endokrinní disruptory metabolismus MeSH
- enzymy imobilizované metabolismus MeSH
- fungální proteiny metabolismus MeSH
- kaprolaktam analogy a deriváty chemie MeSH
- lakasa metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nanovlákna chemie ultrastruktura MeSH
- polymery chemie MeSH
- Trametes enzymologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
We hypothesized that muscarinic receptors (MRs) in the heart have a role in stress responses and thus investigated changes in MR signaling (gene expression, number of receptors, adenylyl cyclase (AC), phospholipase C (PLC), protein kinase A and C (PKA and PKC) and nitric oxide synthase [NOS]) in the left ventricle, together with telemetric measurement of heart rate (HR) in mice (wild type [WT] and M2 knockout [KO]) during and after one (1R) or seven sessions (7R) of restraint stress (seven mice per group). Stress decreased M2 MR mRNA and cell surface MR in the left ventricle in WT mice. In KO mice, 1R, but not 7R, decreased surface MR. Similarly, AC activity was decreased in WT mice after 1R and 7R, whereas in KO mice, there was no change. PLC activity was also decreased after 1R in WT and KO mice. This is in accord with the concept that cAMP is a key player in HR regulation. No change was found with stress in NOS activity. Amount of AC and PKA protein was not changed, but was altered for PKC isoenzymes (PKCα, β, γ, η and ϵ (increased) in KO mice, and PKCι (increased) in WT mice). KO mice were more susceptible to stress as shown by inability to compensate HR during 120 min following repeated stress. The results imply that not only M2 but also M3 are involved in stress signaling and in allostasis. We conclude that for a normal stress response, the expression of M2 MR to mediate vagal responses is essential.
- MeSH
- adenylátcyklasy metabolismus MeSH
- AMP cyklický metabolismus MeSH
- exprese genu MeSH
- fosfolipasy typu C metabolismus MeSH
- fyzické omezení MeSH
- myši knockoutované MeSH
- myši MeSH
- proteinkinasa C metabolismus MeSH
- proteinkinasy závislé na cyklickém AMP metabolismus MeSH
- psychický stres genetika patofyziologie MeSH
- receptor muskarinový M2 genetika MeSH
- receptory muskarinové genetika MeSH
- signální transdukce MeSH
- srdce MeSH
- srdeční frekvence genetika fyziologie MeSH
- srdeční komory metabolismus MeSH
- synthasa oxidu dusnatého metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- omezení stresu, M2KO, signální kaskáda aktivovaná MR, levá srdeční komora,
- MeSH
- adenylátcyklasy sekrece MeSH
- exprese genu genetika MeSH
- fosfolipasy typu C sekrece MeSH
- funkce levé komory srdeční fyziologie účinky léků MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- proteinkinasa C sekrece MeSH
- psychický stres * patofyziologie MeSH
- receptor muskarinový M2 MeSH
- receptory muskarinové * fyziologie genetika klasifikace MeSH
- synthasa oxidu dusnatého sekrece MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- grafy a diagramy MeSH
We investigated the role of beta3-adrenoceptors (AR) in cold stress (1 or 7 days in cold) in animals lacking main cardioinhibitive receptors-M2 muscarinic receptors (M(2)KO). There was no change in receptor number in the right ventricles. In the left ventricles, there was decrease in binding to all cardiostimulative receptors (beta1-, and beta2-AR) and increase in cardiodepressive receptors (beta3-AR) in unstressed KO in comparison to WT. The cold stress in WT animals resulted in decrease in binding to beta1- and beta2-AR (to 37%/35% after 1 day in cold and to 27%/28% after 7 days in cold) while beta3-AR were increased (to 216% of control) when 7 days cold was applied. MR were reduced to 46% and 58%, respectively. Gene expression of M2 MR in WT was not changed due to stress, while M3 was changed. The reaction of beta1- and beta2-AR (binding) to cold was similar in KO and WT animals, and beta3-AR in stressed KO animals did not change. Adenylyl cyclase activity was affected by beta3-agonist CL316243 in cold stressed WT animals but CL316243 had almost no effects on adenylyl cyclase activity in stressed KO. Nitric oxide activity (NOS) was not affected by BRL37344 (beta3-agonist) both in WT and KO animals. Similarly, the stress had no effects on NOS activity in WT animals and in KO animals. We conclude that the function of M2 MR is substituted by beta3-AR and that these effects are mediated via adenylyl cyclase rather than NOS.
- MeSH
- adenylátcyklasy metabolismus MeSH
- beta-3-adrenergní receptory metabolismus MeSH
- fyziologická adaptace genetika MeSH
- fyziologický stres genetika MeSH
- katecholaminy biosyntéza MeSH
- myši MeSH
- nízká teplota MeSH
- receptor muskarinový M2 nedostatek genetika metabolismus MeSH
- regulace genové exprese MeSH
- srdce patofyziologie MeSH
- srdeční komory enzymologie patologie patofyziologie MeSH
- synthasa oxidu dusnatého metabolismus MeSH
- vazba proteinů MeSH
- vazebná místa MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
